Safety, adherence, and compliance in a RCT of supervised exercise training among persons with multiple sclerosis who have slowed cognitive processing speed.

Background: Safety, adherence, and compliance have been poorly-characterized in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training within multiple sclerosis (MS) research. The MoXFo initiative recently proposed standard criteria for defining exercise safety, adherence, and compliance, yet these criteria have infrequently been applied within an exercise training RCT involving people with MS.

Objective: This study applied published criteria for characterizing safety, adherence, and compliance within a RCT that compared 12-weeks of supervised treadmill walking exercise (TMWX) training (intervention condition) with 12-weeks of stretching-and-toning (active control condition) among fully-ambulatory persons with MS who demonstrated slowed cognitive processing speed (CPS).

A geographic analysis of socioeconomic factors associated with spondylodiscitis.

Objective: Spondylodiscitis is classically believed to reflect intravenous drug use in urban centers, hemodialysis-associated complications, and generalized poor medical care, but these associations may be more complex and reflect underlying systemic societal problems. The authors sought to characterize socioeconomic and demographic elements associated with spondylodiscitis to better understand community factors placing patients at risk of this infection.

Methods: All cases of spondylodiscitis at an urban, tertiary-level academic hospital since 2015 were surveyed.

Antagonizing Viral MicroRNAs Reduces Ocular HSV-1 Pathogenesis and Enhances Mucosal Immune Homeostasis.

Purpose: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a globally prevalent pathogen that causes recurrent lesions at mucosal and cutaneous sites, including the cornea, leading to herpetic keratitis, a major cause of infectious blindness. While HSV-1-encoded microRNAs (v-miRs) are known to regulate viral latency and immune evasion, their role in acute mucosal infection remains unclear. This study investigates the function of v-miRs during acute HSV-1 infection of the cornea.

Association of sleep health, acculturation, and acculturative stress in South Asian Indians and Nepalese adults living in the United States.

Objective: South Asians have poor sleep health and a high global prevalence of sleep disorders, but little is known about the sleep health of South Asian Americans. Sleep health in immigrants is affected by various factors, including acculturation and acculturative stress, compounding the impact that poor sleep has on health. This study examined associations of acculturation and acculturative stress with sleep health in South Asian Indians and Nepalese in the U.

Daily Assessment of Positive and Negative Cannabis Use Expectancies in Young Adult Cannabis and Tobacco Co-Users: Differences by Sociodemographics, Mental Health Symptoms, and Possible Cannabis Use Disorder.

Objective: Expectancies play a critical role in cannabis use behavior and are influenced by sociodemographic and intrapersonal factors. This study examined daily endorsement of positive and negative cannabis use expectancies using 28 days of ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in relation to sociodemographics, mental health symptoms, and cannabis use disorder (CUD) among young adult cannabis-tobacco co-users.

Method: Ninety-seven young adult (ages 18-24) cannabis and tobacco co-users reported on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and possible CUD at baseline.

Lung Pathologies and Anatomical Variations in Midwestern American Donor Bodies: Implications for Surgical Planning and Education.

Introduction: Normal anatomical variations between the right and left lungs can affect function and disease presentation; a better understanding of these variations is necessary for optimizing thoracic procedures. Therefore, the current study investigated the lung pathologies of donor bodies to enhance understanding of anatomical variations when performing surgical lung resections, lobectomies, and other thoracic procedures.

Methods: The lungs of 31 donor bodies from A.

Foundational Reading Knowledge of Teachers of Students With IDD: Examining Experience, Degree and Time Use.

Background: Special education teachers require foundational reading content knowledge (e.g., phonemic awareness, phonics) to teach early reading skills.

Time to hemostatic agent administration increases mortality in veterans with factor Xa inhibitor-related intracranial hemorrhage.

Background: The two hemostatic agents utilized for reversal of life-threatening hemorrhage associated with Factor Xa (fXa) inhibition are andexanet alfa (AA) and four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC). In May 2018, AA was approved with possible superior short-term hemostatic efficacy but has been linked with higher rates of thrombotic events. Considering these concerns, the absence of high-quality comparative studies, and the higher cost compared to other agents, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate remained the more utilized agent.

Predicting cognitive functioning in mood disorders through smartphone typing dynamics.

Mood disorders (MDs) such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are associated with significant functional impairments, particularly in cognition, which can adversely affect daily functioning and social interactions. This study aims to predict cognitive functioning prospectively in individuals with MDs using passive data from smartphone typing dynamics. Over a period of approximately 28 days, participants ( = 127) utilized the BiAffect keyboard, which captured typing metadata such as keystroke timestamps and accelerometer data during typing sessions, while also undergoing in-lab neuropsychological assessments twice (at least 14 days apart).

Shared Decision-Making and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often prioritize their quality of life (QOL) over life extension, especially in advanced stages. Although shared decision-making (SDM) positively influences QOL, evidence on this topic remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and synthesized evidence from 12 quantitative studies examining the relationship between SDM and QOL in adults with CKD.

Neuropsychiatric Disorders Among Adult Emergency Department Patients With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Objective: This study aimed to compare rates of psychiatric and neurologic diagnoses on emergency department (ED) visit records of adults with versus without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs).

Methods: This cross-sectional study used the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample of U.S.

Commensal yeast promotes Salmonella Typhimurium virulence.

Enteric pathogens engage in complex interactions with the host and the resident microbiota to establish gut colonization. Although mechanistic interactions between enteric pathogens and bacterial commensals have been extensively studied, whether and how commensal fungi affect enteric infections remain largely unknown. Here we show that colonization with the common human gut commensal fungus Candida albicans worsened infections with the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica subsp.

How to study the menstrual cycle as a continuous variable: Implementing phase-aligned cycle time scaling (PACTS) with the menstrualcycleR package.

Despite decades of research, there is no scientific consensus method for representing the menstrual cycle as a continuous timeline. Common phase- and count-based methods oversimplify hormonal dynamics and overlook individual variability in ovulation timing, reducing statistical power and misaligning trajectories. To address this, we introduce Phase-Aligned Cycle Time Scaling (PACTS) and its companion R package, `menstrualcycleR`, which generates continuous time variables anchored to both menses and ovulation, improving alignment of hormonal dynamics across individuals and cycles in an accessible, reproducible way.

Variation in Intensive Pediatric Physical Therapy Practice in the United States: Results From a National Survey.

Purpose: Intensive pediatric physical therapy (PT) programs are increasingly common yet lack a clear definition. This study aimed to examine current practice patterns of intensive pediatric PT in the United States.

Methods: A survey was developed and administered using the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) model and Knowledge to Action Cycle for pediatric physical therapists providing intensive PT.

Functional Connectivity Predicting Transdiagnostic Treatment Outcomes in Internalizing Psychopathologies.

Importance: Predicting treatment outcomes for internalizing psychopathologies (IPs), such as depression and anxiety, holds promise for advancing precision medicine. The extent to which whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) can predict treatment responses for patients with IPs across different therapeutic modalities remains unclear.

Objective: To examine whether pretreatment FC patterns predict multidimensional treatment outcomes in patients with IPs and whether predictive performance generalizes across diagnoses and treatment modalities.

How Do Patient Outcomes in Mechanical Thrombectomy for Large-Core Stroke Vary Based on Neuroimaging Modalities Used for Patient Selection? A Multicenter Multinational Study.

The role of different imaging modalities-non-contrast CT (NCCT), CT perfusion (CTP), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-in selecting patients with large-core stroke for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a subject of ongoing debate. This study aims to determine whether patients with large-core acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing EVT triaged with CTP or DWI in addition to NCCT had different clinical outcomes compared to those only triaged with NCCT. We queried the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) for patients enrolled between 2014 and 2023 who presented with anterior-circulation AIS and large ischemic core (ASPECTS < 6) who underwent EVT in 41 stroke centers in the USA, Europe, Asia, and South America.

A Model of Traumatic Brain Injury Oligomerizes Tau in Cortical Organoids and Induces Clinically Relevant Pathologies that Synergize with Mutation.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most important environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. Tauopathy plays an important role in post-traumatic neurodegeneration. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cortical organoids have exciting potential to reveal the influence of genotype on post-traumatic neurodegeneration because they permit manipulation of the genome in a human system.

Development of a blood-based lipidomic fat quality score for the risk of ischemic stroke.

Introduction: Poor-quality diets promote ischemic stroke. Red blood cell fatty acids (RBC-FAs) are objective, long-term biomarkers of diet. In a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Spain, we developed a blood-based lipidomic fat quality (LFQ) score considering pre-defined RBC-FA diet-related biomarkers, and examined whether LFQ score relates to the risk of ischemic stroke.

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Reduces Illicit Substance Craving Among People with Alcohol Use Disorder and Polysubstance Use.

: Polysubstance use is common in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and associated with poor treatment outcomes. Cannabis and cocaine often co-used with alcohol, have no approved medication treatments and respond poorly to common behavioral treatments. Thus, treatments that can reduce use of these substances alongside AUD are critically needed.

Recommendations for disclosure of artificial intelligence in scientific writing and publishing: a regional anesthesia and pain medicine modified Delphi study.

Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the scientific process is advancing at a remarkable speed, thanks to continued innovations in large language models. While AI provides widespread benefits, including editing for fluency and clarity, it also has drawbacks, including fabricated content, perpetuation of bias, and lack of accountability. The editorial board of (RAPM) therefore sought to develop best practices for AI usage and disclosure.

From the patient point of view: Using eye tracking to evaluate older adult shopping behavior change with a community pharmacy OTC intervention.

Background: Over-the-counter medications are an integral component of community pharmacies, providing patients with accessible options for addressing health concerns independently. However, this increases the potential for adverse drug events, particularly among older adults, due to overestimating medication safety. Pharmacy layouts, often informed by retail store principles, frequently prioritize product profitability over patient safety.

Ceramide-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Targetable Vulnerability in Endocrine Therapy-Resistant Breast Cancer.

Despite the success of endocrine therapy (ET) in treating hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, a significant proportion of patients relapse during or after treatment, making ET resistance a major clinical challenge. Previously we have shown that ET-resistant breast cancer cells exhibit reduced ceramide levels and an increased sensitivity to ceramide-induced cell death. Here, we demonstrate that ceramides induce a distinct transcriptional reprogramming in ET-resistant cells, characterized by upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (EnRS) pathways.

Persistent Immune Dysregulation during Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 is Manifested in Antibodies Targeting Envelope and Nucleocapsid Proteins.

Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) syndrome or "Long COVID" represents a widespread health challenge that necessitates the development of novel diagnostic approaches and targeted therapies that can be readily deployed. Immune dysregulation has been reported as one of the hallmarks of PASC, but the extent of PASC immune dysregulation in patients over time remains unclear. We therefore assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses, peripheral immune cell profiles, autoantibody profiles and circulating cytokines for up to 6 months in participants with a SARS-CoV-2 infection who either convalesced or developed PASC.