Association of sleep health, acculturation, and acculturative stress in South Asian Indians and Nepalese adults living in the United States.

Objective: South Asians have poor sleep health and a high global prevalence of sleep disorders, but little is known about the sleep health of South Asian Americans. Sleep health in immigrants is affected by various factors, including acculturation and acculturative stress, compounding the impact that poor sleep has on health. This study examined associations of acculturation and acculturative stress with sleep health in South Asian Indians and Nepalese in the U.

Association between sleep health and glycemic variability in people with type 2 diabetes: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Background: Glycemic variability (GV) is an important indicator for glycemic control. Identifying factors contributing to GV may support development of targeted interventions. Besides non-modifiable factors, sleep plays a role in glucose regulation.

Does glucose metabolism and its consequences depend on the phenotype of obstructive sleep apnea?

Purpose Of Review: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common form of sleep-disordered breathing, with rising prevalence and increasingly recognized for its association with multisystem involvement, particularly abnormalities in glucose metabolism. This review examined the relationship between OSA and glucose metabolism and associated cardiovascular outcomes.

Recent Findings: OSA is a significant risk factor for the development of abnormal glucose metabolism and is strongly associated with incident cardiovascular disease, partly mediated by impaired glucose regulation.

Poor sleep quality is a predictor of severe hypoglycemia during comprehensive diabetes care in type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: Sleep disturbances is common in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and can be associated with poor glycemic control, and possibly hypoglycemia. This study aims to investigate whether poor sleep quality, as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), was associated with glycemic control or severe hypoglycemia in T1D individuals.

Methods: This one-year prospective cohort study included 221 (148 F/63 M) T1D participants (aged ≥ 13 years), receiving intensive insulin therapy.

The effects of self-compassion in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Diabetes distress is common in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Kindness to oneself may have positive effects on diabetes distress and glycemic control, but existing data supporting this theory are limited. This study examined the effects of a self-compassion intervention, remotely delivered, in adolescents and young adults with T1D.

An ecological analysis of sleep health across five African-origin populations spanning the epidemiologic transition.

Background: Sleep health is emerging as a public health priority due to its strong associations with several key domains of health. However, most of the existing literature are from studies located in high income settings and may not be representative of low-middle income settings. Leveraging the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study, a study of cardiometabolic disease risk in five diverse African-origin populations, we explored differences in objectively measured sleep behavior across cohorts from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles, and the United States.

Multidimensional Sleep Health, Glycemic Control, and Self-Reported Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Context: Sleep health is multidimensional. While studies have shown associations between certain sleep dimensions and health in type 1 diabetes (T1D), global sleep health has rarely been considered.

Objective: To examine the associations between individual sleep dimensions and multidimensional sleep health (MSH) on glycemic control and self-reported outcomes in T1D.

Sex-specific associations between self-reported sleep characteristics and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in men and women of African descent living in a low socioeconomic status environment.

Background: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and sleep health are well-known to be sex- and race-specific. To build on the established relationship between sleep duration and CVD risk, this cross-sectional study aimed to describe sex-specific associations between CVD risk and other sleep characteristics (sleep quality, sleep timing and sleep onset latency) in low-income adults of African descent.

Methods: Self-reported sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]), demographic and lifestyle data were collected in 412 adults (56 % women, 35.

How Acculturation Shapes Sleep in Thai Women in the United States During Menopausal Transition: A Mediation and Moderation Analysis.

Introduction: This study examines acculturation's impact on sleep quality, efficiency, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk among Thai women in the United States transitioning through menopause.

Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited 120 Thai women aged 40 to 65. Questionnaires assessed sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), OSA risk (Berlin), menopausal symptoms (Menopause Rating), acculturation (Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Scale), and anxiety (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System).

Metabolic consequences of sleep and circadian disruption during pregnancy and postpartum.

Physiological changes during pregnancy may predict future cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; thus, identifying mechanisms driving cardiometabolic impairments, as well as potential interventions to improve health during pregnancy, is crucial. We discuss how sleep and circadian disruption during pregnancy and postpartum affect cardiometabolic risk, and identify future research directions.

Modeling Metformin and Dapagliflozin Pharmacokinetics in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complication of diabetes that affects circulating drug concentrations and elimination of drugs from the body. Multiple drugs may be prescribed for treatment of diabetes and co-morbidities, and CKD complicates the pharmacotherapy selection and dosing regimen. Characterizing variations in renal drug clearance using models requires large clinical datasets that are costly and time-consuming to collect.

Sleep Disturbances in Type 1 Diabetes and Mitigating Cardiovascular Risk.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite control of known cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and better glycemic management, persons with T1D still face heightened CVD risk, suggesting additional contributing factors. Sleep has recently been recognized as a CV risk factor; however; the role of sleep in CVD specifically in T1D population has only started to emerge.

FREE: A randomized controlled feasibility trial of a cognitive behavioral therapy and technology-assisted intervention to reduce fear of hypoglycemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the preliminary effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (Fear Reduction Efficacy Evaluation [FREE]) designed to reduce fear of hypoglycemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes. The primary outcome was fear of hypoglycemia, secondary outcomes were A1C, and glycemic variability.

Methods: A randomized clinical trial was used to test an 8-week intervention (FREE) compared to an attention control (diabetes education) in 50 young adults with type 1 diabetes who experienced fear of hypoglycemia at baseline.

Physical Activity After Heart Surgery: Associations With Psychosocial and Sleep Factors.

Background: Heart surgery is an effective intervention for managing heart disease, the leading cause of death globally. After surgery, physical activity is key to improving patients' quality of life and decreasing mortality, but patients are frequently physically inactive after heart surgery.

Objective: This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to examine how psychosocial and sleep factors influenced physical activity in patients after heart surgery.

Single use of psychoactive substances and its association with sleep disorders and sleep health in a large US college sample.

Objective: Estimate the association between single (i.e., exclusive) use of a range of substances and sleep outcomes.

Dysregulated 24 h melatonin secretion associated with intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell function in diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to explore whether diabetic retinopathy is associated with alterations of the circadian system, and to examine the role of reduced intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) function.

Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes, with diabetic retinopathy (n=14) and without diabetic retinopathy (n=9) underwent 24 h blood sampling for melatonin and cortisol under controlled laboratory conditions. ipRGC function was inferred from the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR).

Effects of daily sleep on physical activity after cardiac surgery.

Background: Maintaining physical activity is challenging after cardiac surgery. Postsurgical cardiac patients often experience sleep problems showing a reciprocal interaction with physical activity. As sleep and physical activity show day-to-day variations, their daily relationships need to be assessed.

Associations between fears related to safety during sleep and self-reported sleep in men and women living in a low-socioeconomic status setting.

South Africans living in low socioeconomic areas have self-reported unusually long sleep durations (approximately 9-10 h). One hypothesis is that these long durations may be a compensatory response to poor sleep quality as a result of stressful environments. This study aimed to investigate whether fear of not being safe during sleep is associated with markers of sleep quality or duration in men and women.

Clinical potential of fasting in type 1 diabetes.

Most adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are either overweight or obese. As such, dietary management is recommended as an adjunct to insulin treatment to improve glycemic control and facilitate weight loss in these patients. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting that offers a simplified approach to treating obesity in T1DM.

Sleep extension and cardiometabolic health: what it is, possible mechanisms and real-world applications.

Short sleep duration is associated with heightened cardiometabolic disease risk and has reached epidemic proportions among children, adolescents and adults. Potential mechanisms underlying this association are complex and multifaceted, including disturbances in circadian timing, food intake and appetitive hormones, brain regions linked to control of hedonic eating, physical activity, an altered microbiome and impaired insulin sensitivity. Sleep extension, or increasing total sleep duration, is an emerging and ecologically relevant intervention with significant potential to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association between short sleep duration and the risk of cardiometabolic disease.

Stress and human health in diabetes: A report from the 19 Chicago Biomedical Consortium symposium.

Stress and diabetes coexist in a vicious cycle. Different types of stress lead to diabetes, while diabetes itself is a major life stressor. This was the focus of the Chicago Biomedical Consortium's 19 annual symposium, "Stress and Human Health: Diabetes," in November 2022.

Multidimensional sleep health and diabetic retinopathy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent microvascular diabetic complications. Poor sleep health and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are risk factors for diabetes and poor glycemic control. Recent studies have suggested associations between poor sleep health/OSA and DR.

Impact of irregular sleep pattern, and sleep quality on glycaemic parameters and endothelial function in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.

This study investigated the impact of comprehensive sleep patterns on glycaemic parameters and endothelial function in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thirty subjects with type 1 diabetes (aged 13-25) without chronic complications participated. For 1 week, glucose levels were monitored by real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and sleep was simultaneously assessed by actigraphy.