Development of a 3-D tomography technique for Large Helical Device bolometry using EMC3-EIRENE grids.

A three-dimensional (3-D) tomography technique is developed for the bolometry system in the Large Helical Device using the EMC3-EIRENE-defined mesh coordinates and the relative gradient smoothing extended to 3-D space. We utilize two types of bolometers, resistive bolometers and infra-red imaging video bolometers, to cover areas that are not visible with only one type of bolometer, the total channels of which are 1088. Although the resolution of the reconstructed solution rises to 59 400 voxels, we prove that the physically meaningful solution having little negative power is obtained by calculating geometry matrices with the tetrahedralization method and assessing the phantom emission and the synthetic data.

Laser Processing of YSZ Ceramics without Cracking: The Impact of Solvent Selection on Performance.

Efficient thermal management during the laser processing of ceramics is critical to prevent surface damage and maintain structural integrity, especially for materials like Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), widely used in energy, aerospace, and medical applications. However, the laser processing of YSZ ceramics poses significant challenges related to thermal stress, leading to surface damage and compromised structural performance. This study examines the effects of various cooling media, including water, acetate, and citrate acids, on the surface quality, residual stress, and ablation depth of YSZ ceramics during UV laser processing.

Growth disturbances in bivalve shell: Implications for past and future intra-annual scale climate change.

Growth disturbances in bivalve shells are widely observed in both fossil and modern species, yet the conditions and mechanisms driving their formation remain unclear. Through controlled experiments on Mimachlamys nobilis, we demonstrate that abrupt intra-annual temperature fluctuations (≥5 °C) induce shell growth disturbances by altering the energy budget, diverting resources from shell growth to stress responses. Under ≥5 °C fluctuations (Groups C and D), 67 % of the individuals exhibited shell thinning, reduced growth rates, and formed growth disturbance lines (Groups C and D), whereas <5 °C fluctuations (Groups A and B) caused disturbances in only 12 % of the cases.

Allogenic grafting induces PI3K-mediated tissue overgrowth in hydrozoan jellyfish Cladonema radiatum medusae.

Allorecognition, which is the ability of an organism to discriminate between self and non-self, protects multicellular animals from somatic cell/germline parasitism. We reported and characterised allorecognition in the stolons of colonies of the hydrozoan jellyfish Cladonema radiatum (C. radiatum) in our previous publication.

Detection of testosterone based on the interaction between variable regions of antibody heavy chain and light chain.

Introduction: Testosterone is a steroid hormone, which plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolism and protein synthesis in the body. The detection of testosterone is of paramount importance for diagnostic purposes in clinical settings, as well as for monitoring athletes' physiological parameters and ensuring the integrity of sports competitions.

Methods: Herein, we present a phage display-derived biosensing platform through genetic engineering of the TS77 antibody variable domains.

Rapid and High-Yielding Purification of DNA Self-Assembled Structures by Aqueous Two-Phase System.

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) of dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) enable the purification of DNA structures such as DNA origami and DNA nanotubes in times as short as 10 min. This method, which has recovery yields >90% for a typical DNA origami, owes its efficiency to the highly selective partition of the DNA structures in the dextran phase of these emulsions. This purification method is carried out in conditions that promote the structural stability of these structures, making it particularly suitable for DNA nanotechnology.

Diversity Scale of Library Matters: Impact of mRNA Library Diversity Scales on the Discovery of Macrocyclic Peptides Targeting a Protein by the RaPID System.

Macrocyclic peptides make up a unique class of modalities known for their high affinity, specificity, and ability to modulate protein-protein interactions, including receptor activation. Messenger RNA display, including the Random Nonstandard Peptides Integrated Discovery (RaPID) system, stands out in identifying target-specific macrocyclic peptides, producing potent binders with low to subnanomolar dissociation constants against diverse targets. It has often been discussed that this success is partly attributed to the vast library of over a trillion different peptide sequences expressed from the corresponding mRNA sequences.

Kawaii-Ness Mediates Between Demographic Variables, Happiness, and Brain Conditions.

: In many societies, especially in highly masculine societies like Japan, being a man, getting older, engaging in knowledge work, and earning a high annual salary are seen as conditions for success. On the other hand, an increasing number of studies have shown that incorporating kawaii-ness into our lives can help maintain and improve happiness and well-being. : Therefore, in this study, we employed a variable expressing the response to kawaii-ness together with four demographic variables (sex, age, income, and knowledge work), happiness, and fractional anisotropy brain healthcare quotient (FA-BHQ) which is derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images calculations to analyze the relationship between them.

The Brain That Understands Diversity: A Pilot Study Focusing on the Triple Network.

: Interest in diversity is growing worldwide. Today, an understanding and social acceptance of diverse people is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between an individual's gray matter volume (GMV), which is thought to reflect brain health, and their understanding of diversity (gender, sexuality (LGBTQ), and origin).

Cultural and emotional intelligence correlates with healthy lifestyles.

A healthy lifestyle is essential to prevent illness and live a happy life. Previous research has shown that social intelligence, such as emotional intelligence (EQ) and cultural intelligence (CQ), is related to a healthy lifestyle. However, there are fewer studies that clarify the relationship between CQ and lifestyle compared to EQ and lifestyle, and the relationship between the facets that make up these intelligences and lifestyle is also unclear.

Multiscale synchronisation dynamics reveals the impact of an improvisatory approach to performance on music experience.

Experiences of collective creative activities play an essential role in human societies, yet these experiences are particularly hard to capture, making their scientific study challenging. In a classical music concert-experiment performed by a string quartet, we contrast a Let-go performance mode, characterised by a more creative and improvisatory approach that encourages risk-taking and spontaneous expression, with a more Strict mode which requires adhering closely to the score, common in many Western classical music performance environments. We investigate the experience of audience members by analysing their subjective reports and movement patterns.

Fabrication of Biomimetic Cell Culture Membranes Using Robust and Reusable Nickel Micropillar Molds.

In the practical application of organ-on-a-chip, mass production technology for flexible porous membranes is an essential element for mimicking the basement membrane of the body. Porous PDMS membrane is a promising material due to its high optical transparency, flexibility, and biocompatibility. However, the fabrication process is complex and costly.

Guidance on the clinical application of extracellular vesicles.

Therapies using extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes, or cell culture supernatants containing EVs or exosomes (referred to as "EV therapies" in this Guidance) have garnered an increasing amount of interest. However, pharmaceutical products containing EVs as their main active ingredient are yet to receive regulatory approval. The "Basic points to consider regarding the preparation of extracellular vesicles and their clinical applications in Japan," was announced by the Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine (JSRM) on March 10, 2021, with a specific focus on exosomes among EVs to promote high safety standards in this evolving field and facilitate the application of EV clinically.

Dynamics of Neuronal and Astrocytic Energy Molecules in Epilepsy.

The dynamics of energy molecules in the mouse brain during metabolic challenges induced by epileptic seizures were examined. A transgenic mouse line expressing a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensor, selectively expressed in the cytosol of neurons, was used. An optical fiber was inserted into the hippocampus, and changes in cytosolic ATP concentration were estimated using the fiber photometry method.

Retention and pseudogenization of aquaporin-10 in Rodentia.

Vertebrates exhibit diversity in the presence and number of aquaporin (Aqp)-10 genes. In Rodentia, mice possess an Aqp10 pseudogene, whereas guinea pigs possess an intact Aqp10. However, Aqp10 retention and pseudogenization history in various rodent lineages remains unclear.

TALE-based C-to-T base editor for multiple homologous genes with flexible precision.

Recently a cytidine deaminase-based method for highly efficient C-to-T targeted base editing was developed and has been used with CRISPR-mediated systems. It is a powerful method for genome engineering, although it is prone to off-target effects and has a limited targeting scope. Transcription activator-like effector (TALE)-based tools which allow longer recognition sequences than do CRISPR/Cas9 systems, can also be used for targeted C-to-T base editing.

Pyrrolidine synthesis via ring contraction of pyridines.

A ring contraction of easily available cyclic compounds to smaller cycles that are valuable but difficult to synthetically access is one of important skeletal editing strategies. Pyrrolidine synthesis via a ring contraction of pyridines, which are abundant, cheap, and readily available bulk chemicals in chemical industry, is highly promising to accelerate drug discovery and development research due to the great demand of pyrrolidine skeletons in medicinal molecules. Herein we report a photo-promoted ring contraction of pyridines with silylborane to afford pyrrolidine derivatives bearing a 2-azabicyclo[3.

MCNEL: A multi-scale convolutional network and ensemble learning for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.

Background And Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) significantly threatens community well-being and healthcare resource allocation due to its high incidence and mortality. Therefore, early detection and intervention are crucial for reducing AD-related fatalities. However, the existing deep learning-based approaches often struggle to capture complex structural features of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data effectively.

Towards an intelligent integrated methodology for accurate determination of volume percentages in three-phase flow systems.

Accurate determination of volume percentages in three-phase fluids is paramount for the success of various industrial processes, ranging from oil and gas production to chemical engineering. This study presents a comprehensive approach to this challenge by leveraging advanced signal processing techniques and machine learning paradigms. Our methodology integrates the time, frequency, and wavelet transform features extracted from X-ray-based measurement systems whose structure consists of an X-ray tube source, two sodium iodide detectors, and a test pipe, all of which were simulated using the Monte Carlo N Particle code.

Effect of Spacers on the Affinity of Tyrosine-Modified Polymers to L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1.

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), which takes up neutral amino acids such as tyrosine, is overexpressed on various cancer cells, and many researchers have developed LAT1-targeting drug delivery systems (DDSs) by modifying them with substrates of LAT1. However, none of the previous studies have examined the effects of spacers conjugated with substrates on the interaction between the DDSs and LAT1. Here, we developed polymers with tyrosine-based ligands on the side chains via propyl- or triethylene glycol spacers and compared their targetability to that of LAT1.

PIEZO1-dependent mode switch of neuronal migration in heterogeneous microenvironments in the developing brain.

The migration of newborn neurons is essential for brain morphogenesis and circuit formation, yet controversy exists regarding how neurons generate the driving force against strong mechanical stresses in crowded neural tissues. We found that cerebellar granule neurons employ a mechanosensing mechanism to switch the driving forces to maneuver in irregular brain tissue. In two-dimensional (2D) cultures, actomyosin is enriched in the leading process, exerting traction force on the cell soma.

Investigating Local Sequence-Structural Attributes of Amyloidogenic Light Chain Variable Domains.

Light chain amyloidosis is a medical condition characterized by the aggregation of misfolded antibody light chains into insoluble amyloid fibrils in the target organs, causing organ dysfunction, organ failure, and death. Despite extensive research to understand the factors contributing to amyloidogenesis, accurately predicting whether a given protein will form amyloids under specific conditions remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis to understand the amyloidogenic tendencies within a dataset containing 1828 (348 amyloidogenic and 1480 non-amyloidogenic) antibody light chain variable region (V) sequences obtained from the AL-Base database.

Effect of living in well-insulated warm houses on hypertension and cardiovascular diseases based on a nationwide epidemiological survey in Japan: a modelling and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are more prevalent in colder homes, partly due to cold-induced high blood pressure (BP). While thermal insulation and heating are rational strategies to mitigate cold exposure, the high initial and running costs pose significant barriers. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of living in well-insulated warm houses.

Biochemistry and Chemoinformatics Guided Classification of Hirsutane Sesquiterpenes Isolated from Mushroom.

Hirsutanes are mushroom-derived sesquiterpenes with a characteristic 5-5-5 tricyclic ring skeleton. To date, more than 70 derivatives have been isolated from nature. In this study, we applied heterologous expression, in vitro enzymatic reactions, and biotransformation to characterize the function of nine enzymes involved in the synthesis of anhydroarthrosporone and six novel hirsutanes.