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Recently a cytidine deaminase-based method for highly efficient C-to-T targeted base editing was developed and has been used with CRISPR-mediated systems. It is a powerful method for genome engineering, although it is prone to off-target effects and has a limited targeting scope. Transcription activator-like effector (TALE)-based tools which allow longer recognition sequences than do CRISPR/Cas9 systems, can also be used for targeted C-to-T base editing. Here, we describe a method that efficiently achieved targeted C-to-T substitutions in nuclear genes using cytidine deaminase fused to a TALE DNA-binding domain. We used a single pair of TALEs with a novel TALE-repeat unit that can recognize all four DNA bases, especially to allow for variations in the third base of codons in homologous genes. This targeting strategy makes it possible to simultaneously base edit almost identical sites in multiple isoforms of a gene while suppressing off-target substitutions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0510a | DOI Listing |
ACS Synth Biol
September 2025
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
is a promising cell factory to produce various value-added chemicals, including fatty acid derivatives. However, their metabolic engineering development has been hindered by the limited availability of genetic tools. In this study, an accurate and specific gene-editing tool, CRISPR/Cas-based cytidine base editor (CBE) system, was developed for the first time in to broaden its genetic toolbox.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Biotechnol
August 2025
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
Base editing technologies allow for the precise and efficient installation of defined nucleotide substitutions into a target genome without the introduction of double strand breaks or DNA templates. Here we describe two recombinant, protein format cytosine base editors (CBEs) that efficiently catalyze the installation of cytosine-to-thymine edits, termed "Flexible" and "Precision." Flexible exhibits a wide editing window, while Precision uses a fused single-stranded DNA binding protein to narrow the editing window, lowering the risk of editing multiple cytosine residues at the target site.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunct Integr Genomics
August 2025
Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
The cytosine base editor (CBE) enables precise C-to-T substitution without inducing DNA double-strand breaks, which offering a promising tool for editing livestock genomes to enhance economically valuable traits. In this study, using Hu sheep, characterized by high reproductive performance but suboptimal meat production as the research subject, two CBE-editing sgRNAs (sgM1 and sgM2) targeting the negative regulator Myostatin (MSTN) gene were designed. The results revealed a 75% editing efficiency of sgM2 at the parthenogenetically activated embryonic level with no detectable off-target effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Chem
August 2025
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Natural, covalently modified cytosine bases within genomic DNA function as important epigenetic markers. Approaches for single-base-resolution sequencing of cytosine modifications typically deploy chemistry for modification-selective C-to-T code conversion and can require error-prone subtractive analysis of complex data. Here we report the sequencing of an epigenetic base by exploiting an unnatural base pair system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Cell Fact
August 2025
Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese of Academy of Sciences, 32 Xiqidao, Tianjin Airport Economic Park, Tianjin, 300308, China.
Background: Genome-scale mutagenesis integrated with high-throughput phenotypic screening and causal mutation mapping serves as a robust paradigm for systemic genetic dissection. Despite the application of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated genome editing in Yarrowia lipolytica, the development of alternative genome-wide mutagenesis strategies remains unexplored in this industrially relevant oleaginous yeast.
Results: We developed the Helicase-Assisted (Helicase-CDA) system, a genome-wide mutagenesis platform integrating the helicase domain of Yarrowia MCM5 (Encoded by YALI1_A01766g) with cytidine deaminase (CDA).