Article I. metformin affects H1N1-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells by the miR-130a-5p-regulated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Background: H1N1 influenza virus can cause diffuse alveolar damage, such as pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis, when it infects the respiratory tract. Metformin not only improves chronic inflammation but also has direct anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the focus of this study was on the molecular mechanism and regulatory mechanism of metformin against influenza virus in alleviating lung disease.

Perineural invasion and the "cold" tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: mechanisms of crosstalk and therapeutic opportunities.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a devastating malignancy characterized by profound lethality, aggressive local invasion, dismal prognosis, and significant resistance to existing therapies. Two critical biological features underpin the challenges in treating PDAC: extensive perineural invasion (PNI), the process by which cancer cells infiltrate and migrate along nerves, and a profoundly immunosuppressive, or "cold," tumor microenvironment (TME). PNI is not only a primary route for local tumor dissemination and recurrence but also a major contributor to the severe pain often experienced by patients.

Identification of sepsis biomarkers through glutamine metabolism-mediated immune regulation: a comprehensive analysis employing mendelian randomization, multi-omics integration, and machine learning.

Background: Sepsis is a global health challenge associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Early diagnosis and treatment are challenging because of the limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of sepsis through an integrated multi-method approach.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Spirometry-Defined Small Airway Dysfunction in the High-Risk Population for COPD in Yunnan Province, China: A Population Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Small airway dysfunction (SAD) is a key early marker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development. While many studies have examined the link between SAD and early COPD, the epidemiology of SAD in high-risk COPD populations remains understudied.

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method and recruited 11,095 adult residents aged ≥20 years from different elevations in Yunnan Province, China.

Silencing CALB1 enhances prostate cancer radiosensitivity via calcium-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence.

Background: Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men, with radioresistance limiting treatment efficacy. This study investigates the role of Calbindin 1 (CALB1), a calcium-binding protein regulated by miR-186-5p, in prostate cancer progression and radiation response.

Methods: CALB1 expression was analyzed using GEO and TCGA datasets, and the regulatory relationship with miR-186-5p was validated.

A systematic review of protein post-translational modifications in sepsis.

Background: Sepsis originates from the host's dysregulated response to pathogens, and its pathophysiological mechanisms are extremely complex. Recent research has found that post-translational modifications (PTMs) can regulate gene transcription without altering the genetic sequence, thereby playing a key role in the occurrence and development of sepsis.

Objective: This review aims to systematically categorize the main types of PTMs and elucidate their roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis, thereby providing new perspectives for a deeper understanding of the complex pathophysiological processes of this disease.

Study of the early metabolic characteristics in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry via metabolomics technology.

Objective: To investigate the impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on plasma metabolites in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and identify key metabolites associated with weight loss. Subjects and.

Methods: Nineteen obese T2DM patients who underwent SG surgery were selected as the study participants.

Prognostic significance of systemic immunoinflammatory biomarkers in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter analysis.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the associations between blood laboratory findings, systemic immune-inflammatory factors, ISUP grade, and prognostic outcomes in patients diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods: Data were collected from patients diagnosed with ccRCC at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between 2010 and 2022, encompassing pertinent pathological and clinical information. We employed ordered logistic regression analysis to establish the ISUP grading model and conducted association analyses to explore the relationship between ISUP classification and the 2-year survival rate.

Interventional Treatment Is an Effective Approach to Relieve Symptoms in Patients With Malignant Tracheoesophageal Fistula.

Background: A malignant tracheoesophageal fistula (mTEF) is a complication of primary tumor growth or the recurrence of esophageal tumors or lung carcinoma. Patients with mTEF have lower survival and quality of life than those who do not develop this complication. Esophageal cancer (EC), a common gastrointestinal malignancy, ranks among the world's leading causes of cancer-related death.

Applying next-generation sequencing to detect microsatellite instability in pan-cancer patients: a retrospective study of 35,563 Chinese cases.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) serves as an important therapeutic and prognostic marker. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have long been regarded as the "gold standard" for MSI detection. In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based methods, offering expanded target coverage of microsatellite (MS) loci and improved analytical performance, have gained widespread acceptance.

Exosomes in Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives.

Delayed wound healing is a major complication of diabetes, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as wound debridement, dressing application, and growth factor therapy, often suffer from limited efficacy and significant side effects. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting diabetic skin wound healing.

Study on the Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Zinc Metabolism and FOXO3a Expression in the Preeclampsia Maternal-Fetal System.

Purpose: To detect the levels of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in maternal blood, umbilical blood, and placenta of preeclampsia (PE) patients, elucidating their relationship with FOXO3a transcription factors and oxidative stress.

Patients And Methods: A total of 100 pregnant women admitted for childbirth at the obstetrics department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from September 2023 to September 2024 were included (normal group: 40 cases, PE group: 60 cases). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure Cd and Zn levels in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and placental tissues.

Application of four-section approach for prenatal diagnosis of Pierre robin sequence.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the four-section approach using two-dimensional sonography in diagnosing Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) during second-trimester screening.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on low-risk pregnant women undergoing routine mid-trimester screening. Cases with suspected micrognathia prenatally were included and examined using the four-section approach.

Upregulation of SQSTM1 Regulates Ferroptosis and Oxidative Stress in Müller Cells of the Diabetic Neural Retina by Modulating ACSL4.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, is characterized by early neuronal damage in the retina, termed diabetic neuropathy in the retina (DNR). This condition is marked by neuronal apoptosis and glial activation. Müller glia are retinal cells highly susceptible to diabetic metabolic stress that may undergo ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation.

Epidemiological investigation of venomous snakebites in Yunnan Province.

Background: Snakebite envenoming constitutes a substantial public health concern worldwide. Yunnan Province, The lack of comprehensive epidemiological data on snakebite in Yunnan affects research, diagnostic, and treatment advancements. This research evaluates patient demographics, seasonal patterns, snake species associated with the disease, and treatment approaches to guide preventative and therapeutic initiatives in the province.

Comparative Effectiveness of Different Frequencies of Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a common and challenging complication after lumbar spine surgery, with around 30% of patients experiencing this condition post-surgery. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a prevalent treatment for FBSS, yet there is a lack of systematic comparisons among different SCS frequencies. This first network meta-analysis (NMA) compared the effectiveness and superiority of different SCS frequencies for FBSS.

Mouse trophectoderm stem cells generated with morula signalling inducers capture an early trophectoderm state.

The first embryonic cell differentiation in mice segregates the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass. Successful derivation of mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and trophectoderm stem cells (TESCs) has greatly facilitated the understanding of trophoblast differentiation. However, our understanding of early trophectoderm differentiation remains incomplete.

Efficacy and safety of heart rate control with esmolol on the incidence and duration of organ failure in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: protocol of a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Overactivation of the sympathetic nerve system can lead to a sustained increase in heart rate, which may impair blood perfusion and organ function. Previous studies have demonstrated that the use of -blockers like esmolol can reduce heart rate, thereby improving clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock. For acute pancreatitis (AP), which shares a similar inflammatory pathophysiology with sepsis, previous experimental and observational studies showed significant sympathetic excitation during the acute phase, and the use of -blockers might be clinically beneficial.

Mechanisms and clinical translation of ICOS/ICOSL signaling pathway blockade in delaying vascular complications of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often complicated by vascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, which contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. The ICOS/ICOSL signaling pathway has emerged as a promising target for mitigating these complications. This study aims to investigate the effects of ICOS/ICOSL pathway blockade on vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in T2DM and atherosclerosis, and to assess its potential for clinical translation.

Neurochemical and molecular characteristics of altered brain functional activity in the anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Aims: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is characterized by widespread neural dysfunction, yet the underlying neurochemical and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate whether functional alterations in anti-NMDAR encephalitis are spatially associated with neurotransmitter receptor distributions and transcriptomic profiles, to uncover their neurochemical, molecular, and cellular signatures.

Methods: A total of 25 patients diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study.

From to cellular changes: Unraveling the multidimensional mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage in Alzheimer's disease.

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise due to the global aging population. AD is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of all cases, which makes it a significant health concern. In recent years, the failure to develop targeted pathological drugs has led researchers to shift their focus.

Paradigm shifts in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy therapeutics: a four-decade bibliometric exploration of emerging therapeutic dimensions (1985-2024).

Aim: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating the exploration of effective therapeutic interventions. Current treatment strategies primarily involve therapeutic hypothermia (TH); however, its efficacy remains inconsistent. Research topics and trends in this area remain unclear as well.

Single-cell sequencing uncovers disrupted stromal-macrophage communication as a driver of intrauterine adhesion progression.

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), characterized by endometrial fibrosis, pose a serious threat to women's reproductive health, yet their molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile 139,395 single cells from nine individuals in the proliferative phase. We identify seven stromal and five macrophage subsets, revealing increased immune cell infiltration and a profibrotic shift in macrophage states.