Light-Signalling Regulators GmSTF3/4 Enhance Soybean Susceptibility to Cyst Nematodes via Activation of Sugar Transporters.

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a plant-parasitic nematode that causes substantial yield losses in soybean production. Light signalling is a critical environmental factor that influences photomorphogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism. However, its transcriptional regulation under pathogen-induced stress remains unclear.

Benzothiazole kills Meloidogyne incognita quickly by inhibiting GST to trigger ROS bursting.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) present a significant threat to global agriculture, and the development of multi-drug resistance in these nematodes exacerbates this problem. Benzothiazole, a heterocyclic compound has been reported as a potential nematicide, however, its mode of action is not fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the nematicidal mechanism of benzothiazole against M.

The MADS-box gene CmAP1 promotes flowering and petal development in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima).

Background: Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is an economically and ecologically important woody nut crop. In C. mollissima, flowering is fundamental for nut yield.

Mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and energy dyshomeostasis mediated developmental toxicity of ochratoxin a in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been increasingly detected in foodstuffs and human samples. However, the molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity induced by OTA remain poorly explored. Our results demonstrated that oxidative stress induced by OTA caused mitochondrial dysfunction in larvae, characterized by malformed mitochondria, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and complex II, IV and V activities.

Enhancing composting efficiency of horticultural residues through wheat straw addition: Microbial mechanisms driving metabolic heat generation.

Sustainable thermal energy can be obtained through crop waste composting, enhancing the application potential of biomass resources. Microbial metabolic heat generation mechanisms during lignocellulose degradation in mixed straw composting were investigated. Four treatments representing different raw material compositions [T1 (Horticultural Residues, HR), T2 (HR + Cow Manure, CM), T3 (Wheat Straw, WS + HR), T4 (WS + CM)] were applied and composted for 36 days.

A regulatory network involving calmodulin controls phytosulfokine peptide processing during drought-induced flower abscission.

Drought stress substantially decreases crop yields by causing flowers and fruits to detach prematurely. However, the molecular mechanisms modulating organ abscission under drought stress remain unclear. Here, we show that expression of CALMODULIN2 (CaM2) is specifically and sharply increased in the pedicel abscission zone in response to drought and plays a positive role in drought-induced flower drop in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

Saliva of (Drepanosiphidae) Activates the SA Plant Hormone Pathway, Inhibits the JA Plant Hormone Pathway, and Improves Aphid Survival Rate.

The spotted alfalfa aphid () is a kind of destructive pest of cultivated alfalfa () that results in significant financial losses for the livestock sector. To understand how navigates the biochemical defenses of its host, we investigated the effects of susceptible and resistant aphid strains on two alfalfa cultivars. was reared for over 50 generations on two cultivars-WL343, which is susceptible to , and Zhongmu No.

Metabolome and Transcriptome Combined Reveal the Main Floral Volatile Compounds and Key Regulatory Genes of .

Chestnut () is an economically important forest tree species, and its flowers possess functions such as repelling mosquitoes, killing bacteria, and clearing heat. However, the regulatory mechanisms of floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in chestnut are still unclear. This study analyzed the contents of major volatile compounds and related gene expression levels in chestnut flowers during the initial flowering stage (IFS) and full-flowering stage (FFS) using metabolomics and transcription techniques.

Effects of aged biochar additions at different addition ratios on soil greenhouse gas emissions.

Biochar addition is effective in reducing soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but it's essential to evaluate whether aged biochar retains this capability as its properties change over time. However, research comparing the effects of fresh and aged biochar on soil GHG emissions is limited. Moreover, exploring the priming effect of biochar on native soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is crucial for revealing the effect mechanism on soil CO emission.

Comparative Analysis of Casparian Strip Membrane Domain Protein Family in (L.) and (L.).

The Casparian strip membrane domain proteins (CASPs) are pivotal for the formation of the Casparian strip (CS) in endodermal cells and play a crucial role in a plant's response to environmental stresses. However, existing research on the gene family in rice and lacks a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and necessitates further exploration. In this study, we identified 41 and 39 genes, which were grouped into six distinct subgroups.

Effects of different phosphorus and potassium supply on the root architecture, phosphorus and potassium uptake, and utilization efficiency of hydroponic rice.

Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) affect seedling growth, root configuration, and nutrient uptake in hydroponic rice, but there are few studies on all growth stages of rice. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the response characteristics of root morphology, plant physiology, and P and K uptake and utilization efficiency to different supplies of P and K. Two local conventional rice varieties (Shennong 265 and Liaojing 294) were used as experimental materials across four treatments, including HPHK (sufficient P and K supply), HPLK (sufficient P supply under low K levels), LPHK (sufficient K supply under low P levels) and LPLK (low P and K levels) in a hydroponic setting.

A Neutral Polysaccharide from Medicago Sativa L.: Structural Properties and Hypoglycemic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo.

Medicago sativa polysaccharides (MSPs) are beneficial compounds extracted from Medicago sativa L. that exhibit multiple medicinal activities. However, little is known about their hypoglycemic effects.

The Identification of as a Causal Agent of Northern Anthracnose of Sorghum in China and Estimation of Host Resistance.

Sorghum northern anthracnose is a leaf disease affecting sorghum, which results in plant death and substantial yield loss. This study aimed to effectively understand the disease, clarify its biological characteristics, and evaluate the resistance of germplasm resources. A field sample was collected to isolate and purify the pathogen.

Light signaling regulates root-knot nematode infection and development via HY5-SWEET signaling.

Background: Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes and causes tremendous losses to the agricultural economy. Light is an important living factor for plants and pathogenic organisms, and sufficient light promotes root-knot nematode infection, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.

Results: Expression level and genetic analyses revealed that the photoreceptor genes PHY, CRY, and PHOT have a negative impact on nematode infection.

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the DUF668 gene family in tomato.

The domain of unknown function 668 (DUF668) is a gene family that may play a key role in plant growth and development as well as in responding to adversity coercion stresses. However, the DUF668 gene family has not yet been well identified and characterized in tomato. In this study, a total of nine putative genes were identified in tomato, distributed on six chromosomes.

Tick-borne , and enzootic nasal tumor virus in ruminant, PET, and poultry animals in Pakistan.

Introduction: Pakistan is an agricultural country; most of its income is based on livestock rearing. The increasing prevalence of tick-borne pathogens among animals may affect the animal production and livelihood of owners, which eventually derange the economy of a country.

Methodology: To further comprehend TBPs, 213 ticks were collected from different animals, including ruminants, pets, and poultry.

SreC-dependent adaption to host iron environments regulates the transition of trophic stages and developmental processes of Curvularia lunata.

Plant pathogens are challenged by host-derived iron starvation or excess during infection, but the mechanism of plant pathogens rapidly adapting to the dynamic host iron environments to assimilate iron for invasion and colonization remains largely unexplored. Here, we found that the GATA transcription factor SreC in Curvularia lunata is required for virulence and adaption to the host iron excess environment. SreC directly binds to the ATGWGATAW element in an iron-dependent manner to regulate the switch between different iron assimilation pathways, conferring adaption to host iron environments in different trophic stages of C.

Novel inhibitory effect of black chokeberry () from selected eight berries extracts on advanced glycation end-products formation and corresponding mechanism study.

Numerous health hazards have been connected to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In this investigation, using reaction models including BSA-fructose, BSA- methylglyoxal (MGO), and BSA-glyoxal (GO), we examined the anti-glycation potential of eight different berry species on AGEs formation. Our results indicate that black chokeberry () exhibited the highest inhibitory effects, with IC values of 0.

The Changes of Phyllosphere Fungal Communities among Three Different spp.

As an ecological index for plants, the diversity and structure of phyllosphere microbial communities play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem stability and balance; they can affect plant biogeography and ecosystem function by influencing host fitness and function. The phyllosphere microbial communities reflect the immigration, survival, and growth of microbial colonists, which are influenced by various environmental factors and leaves' physical and chemical properties. This study investigated the structure and diversity of phyllosphere fungal communities in three different spp.

Role of microRNA miR171 in plant development.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA with 19-24 nucleotides (nts) in length, which play an essential role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. As one of the first miRNAs found in plants, miR171 is a typical class of conserved miRNAs. The miR171 sequences among different species are highly similar, and the vast majority of them have both "GAGCCG" and "CAAUAU" fragments.

Differences in phyllosphere microbiomes among different spp. in the same habitat.

Introduction: The above-ground parts of terrestrial plants are collectively known as the phyllosphere. The surface of the leaf blade is a unique and extensive habitat for microbial communities. Phyllosphere bacteria are the second most closely associated microbial group with plants after fungi and viruses, and are the most abundant, occupying a dominant position in the phyllosphere microbial community.

Effects of Exogenous Auxin on Mesocotyl Elongation of Sorghum.

The length of sorghum mesocotyl plays a vital role in seed emergence from the soil, which is the foundation of healthy growth. In this study, we aimed to understand how exogenous auxin (IAA) promoted mesocotyl elongation of sorghum and its physiology mechanism. The results presented that exogenous IAA significantly promoted mesocotyl elongation in MS24B (short mesocotyl inbred line) by increasing the cell length, while with extra exogenous NPA (IAA inhibitor) application, the mesocotyl length presented a significant short phenotype.