Nanoimprinting Pattern on Responsive Microwrinkles for Dynamic Optical Diffraction and Reflection.

Dynamic micro/nano-structured surfaces play pivotal roles in biological systems and engineering applications. Despite considerable progress has been made in fabricating precisely ordered architectures, achieving controlled motion in top-down fabricated structures remain a formidable challenge. Here, we introduce an advanced dynamic micron-nano optical platform featuring hierarchical microscale wrinkles integrated with ordered nanoscale arrays.

Characterization and Development of Salt-Resistant Aspergillus oryzae for Marine-Derived Enzyme Expression.

Marine-derived enzymes often show distinct physiological properties and great potential for industrial use. Salt ions may improve the stability and expression efficiency of marine enzymes, which requires salt-resistant host based expression platform. Aspergillus oryzae of good protein expression and secretion was evaluated and explored for this purpose.

Imaging characteristics, surgical efficacy and treatment strategies for Type IIIa atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation: a retrospective comparative study with Type III.

Purpose: To investigate the images and treatment differences for Type IIIa atlantoaxial rotary dislocation (AARD) by comparing the imaging characteristics of patients with Type III and Type IIIa AARD.

Methods: The present study retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 35 patients who underwent posterior C1-C2 intra-articular fusion due to AARD from our hospital database. Among them, 23 patients were diagnosed with Type III AARD, while the remaining 12 patients were diagnosed with Type IIIa AARD.

Prognostic value of multiparameter [Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/MR imaging biomarkers for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: In this retrospective study, whether [Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/MR imaging biomarkers can predict the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was investigated.

Methods: Fifty-one patients who underwent [Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/MR scans before first-line chemotherapy were recruited. Imaging biomarkers, including the maximum tumor diameter, minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUV and SUV), fibroblast activation protein- (FAP-) positive tumor volume (FTV and W-FTV) and total lesion FAP expression (TLF and W-TLF), were recorded for primary and whole-body tumors.

Label-Free Dynamic Single-Molecule Sensing of Alpha-2-Macroglobulin in Complex Matrices.

Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a critical biomarker implicated in inflammation, immune regulation, coagulation, and various pathological conditions such as liver fibrosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. However, its precise quantification remains challenging due to complex conformational dynamics, subtle abundance fluctuations, and interference from plasma proteins. Here, we present a label-free dynamic single-molecule sensing (LFDSMS) strategy for the sensitive and specific detection of A2M.

Surface-Driven Electron Localization and Defect Heterogeneity in Ceria.

The exceptional performance of ceria (CeO) in catalysis and energy conversion is fundamentally governed by its defect chemistry, particularly oxygen vacancies. The formation of each oxygen vacancy (V) is assumed to be compensated by two localized electrons on cations (Ce). Here, we show by combining theory with experiment that while this 1 V: 2Ce ratio accounts for the global charge compensation, it does not apply at the local scale, particularly in nanoparticles.

Zinc Phosphate Passivation Enables Photostable Pixelated Quantum Dot Color Conversion Layers for Display Applications.

Quantum dots (QDs) converted to micro light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as a promising technology for next-generation display devices. However, their commercial application has been hindered by the susceptibility of QDs to photodegradation when directly exposed to an open environment. Here, we develop functional ligand zinc bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (Zn(BMEP)) to passivate QD surface anions through a phosphine-mediated surface reaction.

High-Performance Air-Stable Polymer Monolayer Transistors for Monolithic 3D CMOS logics.

The monolayer transistor, where the semiconductor layer is a single molecular layer, offers an ideal platform for exploring transport mechanisms both theoretically and experimentally by eliminating the influence of spatially correlated microstructure. However, the structure-property relations in polymer monolayers remain poorly understood, leading to low transistor performance to date. Herein, a self-confinement effect is demonstrated in the polymer monolayer with nanofibrillar microstructures and edge-on orientation, as characterized by the 4D scanning confocal electron diffraction method.

Hydrogen Radical Mediated Concerted Electron-Proton Transfer in 1D Sulfone-based Covalent Organic Framework for Boosting Photosynthesis of HO.

Solar-driven photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offers a promising approach for sustainable hydrogen peroxide (HO) production. Despite their advantages, the reported COFs-based photocatalysts suffer insufficient photocatalytic HO efficiency due to the mismatched electron-proton dynamics. Herein, we report three one-dimensional (1D) COF photocatalysts for efficient HO production via the hydrogen radical (H•) mediated concerted electron-proton transfer (CEPT) process.

Vitamin D Binding Protein, a Ligand of Integrin beta 1, Motivates Both Tumor Cells and Schwann Cells to Promote Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common pathological characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), closely linked to postoperative recurrence, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms that govern PNI in PDAC remain poorly elucidated. Here, group-specific component protein (GC) is identified as one of the most significantly upregulated genes related to PNI, primarily derived from malignant ductal cells compared to other cell types.

Conductive Microneedle Patch with Mitochondria-Localized Generation of Nitric Oxide Promotes Heart Repair after Ischemia-Reperfusion Therapy.

Timely blood resupply is a clinical strategy to treat myocardial infarction, which unavoidably causes myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. With disturbed electrical conduction and oxidative stress in infarcted myocardium, injured heart experiences a negative ventricle remodeling process, and finally leads to heart failure. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived signaling molecule regulating cardiovascular homeostasis, while vasodilation of systemic vasculature is accompanied by its exogenous supplementation.

Electrochemical Identification of Facet-Governing Redox Behavior and Catalytic Reactivity of Co(OH) in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Traditional electrochemical redox assessments offer insights into material properties for charge storage and catalytic kinetics but often fail to link these to specific surfaces, obscuring the structure-performance relationship. Here, we reveal the facet-dependent electrochemical redox behaviors and their connection to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis using Co(OH) nanosheets and nanorods as models. By correlating redox charge storage capacity and kinetics with distinct exposed surfaces, we uncover diffusion-controlled redox processes on the basal surface and non-diffusion-controlled behavior on the lateral surface and further utilize the distinct redox charging kinetics to differentiate the two.

Solubility-pKa Coupling Effect Tailored Nanoporous Nylon Aerogel Family with Multiple Thermomechanical Processes.

Despite significant advancements in aerogels science, the fabrication of high-performance aerogels with their plastic processability remains unexplored owing to their inherent trade-off between skeletal rigidity and transformable processability. Herein, a universal solubility-pKa coupling-effect to engineer high-performance thermoplastic nylon aerogel family with excellent thermomechanical processing performance is proposed. By modulating solubility parameters and acid dissociation constants in nylon-solvent systems, it is precisely control crystallization to assemble interlaced 1D nanofiber skeletons, yielding nylon aerogels that integrate a high specific surface area (226 m g), exceptional compressive modulus (12.

Development and validation of a nomogram diagnostic model for sleep disorders in stroke patients: A cross-sectional study.

Stroke is a severe neurological disorder that significantly impacts patients' recovery and quality of life. Stroke patients frequently experience sleep disorders, including difficulty initiating sleep, insomnia, vivid dreams, and sleep apnea. These disorders not only disrupt nighttime rest but also significantly affect stroke recovery and prognosis, increasing the risks of recurrence and mortality.

Assessment of the efficacy and prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET-CT using deauville 5-point scale and ΔSUVmax methods in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) requires accurate therapeutic response assessment. This study evaluates the efficacy and prognostic value of [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) using the Deauville 5-point scale and maximum standardized uptake value (ΔSUVmax) methods in DLBCL patients. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022, including 60 DLBCL patients.

Anti-M1R/B6R antibody characterization and bispecific design for enhanced orthopoxvirus protection.

The global outbreak of the mpox in humans, caused by the mpox virus (MPXV), underscores the urgent need for safe and effective therapeutics. In this study, we characterized the dominant MPXV immunogens, M1R and B6R, by sequencing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from the immunized mice and analyzing their epitopes and functions through in vitro and in vivo assessments of binding and antiviral activities. Several broadly effective anti-M1R and anti-B6R neutralizing MAbs were identified and they exhibited enhanced antiviral effects against MPXV or vaccinia virus (VACV) when used in antibody cocktail and bispecific antibody designs.

The efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for 10-20 mm rectal neuroendocrine tumors based on resection margin status.

Background: Current guidelines recommend that rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) smaller than 10 mm can be treated by endoscopic resection, whereas tumors larger than 20 mm should be treated by surgical resection. However, the optimal treatment of 10-20 mm rectal NETs remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for 10-20 mm rectal NETs based on resection margin status.

Zipper endoscopic full-thickness resection: a pilot study in subepithelial tumor management (with video).

Background And Aims: Traditional endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) involves complete removal of the lesion followed by defect closure. The separated resection and closure technique results in mucosal eversion and misalignment of the muscularis propria layers, making reliable closure difficult. Here, we developed an innovative "cut-and-seal-as-you-go" technique, "Zipper-EFTR" and evaluated the feasibility and safety of the new technique.

PFGA12 ameliorates Hypoxic-Ischemic brain injury by directly regulating PRDX1 and inhibiting ferroptosis.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a severe condition leading to extensive neuronal loss and functional impairments, representing a significant challenge in neonatal care. PFGA12, a peptide derived from fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), which is notably downregulated in the umbilical cord blood of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) infants. We demonstrate that PFGA12 significantly enhances cell viability and mitigates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced neuronal cell death.

Topology in Thermal, Particle, and Plasma Diffusion Metamaterials.

Diffusion is a fundamental process in the transfer of mass and energy. Diffusion metamaterials, a class of engineered materials with distinctive properties, enable precise control and manipulation of diffusion processes. Meanwhile, topology, a branch of mathematics, has attracted growing interest within the condensed matter physics community.

Muricholic acid mediates puberty initiation via the hypothalamic TGR5 signaling pathway.

The onset of puberty is increasingly observed at earlier ages in children, especially in girls with obesity, a trend that predisposes them to long-term metabolic and reproductive disorders in adulthood. Bile acids have emerged as pivotal signaling molecules in both metabolic and reproductive disorders, but remain unexplored in the early onset of puberty in children. Herein, we find elevated levels of muricholic acid (MCA) species in the serum of girls with central precocious puberty, which strongly correlate with indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation and can reach peak levels during puberty among healthy children.

Tailoring Active Sites in Amorphous NiFe-MOFs through Pyridine Ligand Coordination for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Performance.

The development of high-performance, cost-effective non-noble metal catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical to advancing sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Herein, we report a facile and mild strategy for synthesizing amorphous bimetallic organic framework materials (NiFe-MOFs) using pyridine-modified threonine (l-PyThr) as an organic ligand. The optimized NiFe-PyThr-4:1 catalyst exhibits remarkable OER activity, requiring low overpotentials of only 162 and 222 mV to achieve current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm, respectively, along with a small Tafel slope of 34.

Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals an Ethylene-Activated Regulatory Model on Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus.

Catharanthus roseus contains nearly 200 bioactive monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) that are effective in treating cancer and other diseases. Ethylene plays a significant role in enhancing MIA biosynthesis, and we have found that it greatly induces the accumulation of anhydrovinblastine. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully understood.

Decentralized Clinical Trials in the Era of Real-World Evidence: A Critical Assessment of Recent Experiences.

Since the first decentralized clinical trial (DCT) was conducted in 2011, there has been an increased usage of DCT due to its benefits of patient-centricity and generalizability of findings. This trend was further expedited by the global COVID-19 pandemic. We identified 23 case studies across various therapeutic areas and grouped them into different categories according to their purposes-by necessity, for operational benefits, to address unique research questions, to validate innovative digital endpoints, or to validate decentralization as a clinical research platform.

Reliable Strategy for the Covalent Bonding of MOFs to SiC Membranes for Ultrastable Noble Metal Capture in Harsh Environments.

Silicon carbide (SiC) membranes combine exceptional chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability but suffer from surface inertness that precludes functionalization. Conversely, MOFs offer unmatched molecular selectivity but are typically powders, severely limiting their practical use. To address this, we develop a generalizable route to fabricate ultrastable MOF@SiC membranes via sequential oxidation and acidification, creating abundant Si-OH sites on SiC surfaces that covalently bond with Zr-MOF crystals; the bonding mechanism between MOFs and substrates has been extensively studied.