W/O/W Multiple Emulsified Microcapsules Based on Biopolymer Soybean Isolate Proteins: Improving Tannic Acid's Biocompatibility and Sustained-Release Performance.

Tannic acid (TA) possesses antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. However, its pH sensitivity, protein cross-linking properties, and susceptibility to oxidation restrict its application. To address these challenges, W/O/W multiple emulsified TA microcapsules were developed using soybean protein isolate (SPI) as the natural wall material emulsifier through a two-step emulsification and spray drying process.

Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Anti-Melanoma Mechanism of Flower Buds of Pamp.

The flower buds of Pamp. (MBP), one of the botanical sources of (), are widely used in traditional medicine; however, their potential role in melanoma treatment remains unexplored. In this study, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and anti-melanoma mechanisms of MBP extracts were systematically investigated.

The Gene Family in Cucumber ( L.): Genome-Wide Identification and Gene Expression Analysis in Phytohormone and Abiotic Stress Response.

The auxin efflux transporter PIN protein plays a crucial role in the asymmetric distribution of auxin on the plasma membrane, influencing the growth and development of plant organs. In this study, we identified nine members of the gene family in the cucumber genome, which could be classified into five phylogenetic groups. These genes have diverse structures but conserved transmembrane domains.

Overcoming the Cathode-Derived LiCO Product by Incorporation of CO Capture to Boost Li-CO Battery Performance.

The development of highly efficient catalysts is critical for the lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO) battery. However, the random deposition of lithium carbonate (LiCO) on cathodic active sites leads to catalyst poisoning and severely restricts the discharge capacity. Here, we introduce tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), an amine-rich redox mediator integrated into the electrolyte, to mediate the CO reduction and evolution reactions (CORR/COER) through a coupled cation-electron transfer mechanism.

Near-infrared chemiluminescent probes for monitoring leucine aminopeptidase activity.

Near-infrared (NIR) chemiluminescent probes offer high sensitivity for biological sensing applications. Herein, we present two NIR chemiluminescent probes for leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) detection, designed by covalently linking the dicyanomethylene-4-pyran (DCM) fluorophore to Schaap's dioxetane scaffold. The impact of substitution position on chemiluminescence kinetics and enzymatic responsiveness revealed that only the -substituted probe with minimal steric hindrance enables efficient and imaging of LAP activity.

Loss of RNF41 promotes bladder cancer metastasis through increasing NUDC stability to enhance tubulin polymerization.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a representative of urological cancer with a high recurrence and metastasis is the leading cause of death from BCa. The underlying mechanism of BCa metastasis remains poorly defined. Here, we found RNF41 was significantly downregulated in BCa tissue and low level of RNF41 is associated with BCa progression and poor prognosis.

Late-Stage Oxime -Glycosylation with Unprotected Glycosyl Fluorides.

Herein, we report a straightforward approach to the late-stage oxime -glycosylation, utilizing unprotected glycosyl fluoride donors under basic aqueous conditions. By employing a diverse array of commercially available aryl/alkyl oximes and modified sugar/steroid oximes, we have successfully synthesized the desired --linked glycosides and oligosaccharides in satisfactory yields, while achieving specific 1,2--selectivity. This approach stands out due to its broad substrate compatibility, capability for gram-scale synthesis, and potential for glyco-diversification of bioactive molecules, thus holding promise for applications in biological and pharmaceutical research.

Taste properties and thermal stability during processing of Volvariella volvacea Maillard peptides.

V. volvacea is an easy-to-cultivate short-cycle edible mushroom that is rich in protein and high-quality peptides. The V.

Glycosidic and peptidyl bond cleavage reactions of maltosylated carnosine.

The Maillard reaction of carnosine with maltose was performed using mechanochemistry, and the reaction mixture was analyzed using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry in positive ionization mode. The MS/MS analysis of the Amadori compound of maltose and carnosine revealed that the protonated ion predominantly underwent glycosidic bond cleavage and characteristic dehydration reactions, while the sodiated ion exhibited mainly peptidyl and C2-C3 sugar bond cleavage reactions. The sugar-containing fragments in the MS/MS spectra were confirmed through isotope labelling experiments with U-C-glycated carnosine.

Dipolar Cycloaddition Approach toward Harmicine-Type Alkaloids: Synthesis and Stereochemical Determination.

A rapid synthesis of harmicine was achieved through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and facile ring reconstruction, including mesylation, cleavage of the N-O bond, and subsequent cyclization. An enzymatic kinetic resolution was developed to obtain optically enriched tetrahydro-β-carboline, which was further elaborated to prepare harmicine. Additionally, diastereomeric synthesis of harmicinic acid was also achieved, and stereochemical determination was enabled by chemical resolution and electronic circular dichroism calculations for the first time, providing an intriguing platform to access various derivatives for future medicinal research.

Study on the formation mechanism of Tartary buckwheat starch-flavonoid complexes with different treatments.

The complexation of Tartary buckwheat starch with flavonoids facilitates the preparation of resistant starch. However, the research on the formation mechanism of Tartary buckwheat starch-flavonoid complexes under various treatment methods remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of high hydrostatic pressure treatment and heat treatment on Tartary buckwheat starch-flavonoid complexes (BSF), and explored the binding mechanisms between Tartary buckwheat starch (TBS) and flavonoids.

Rational Design and Multi-tiered Computational Evaluation of Novel Darunavir Derivatives as HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: an Integrated Approach Using QSAR Model, Molecular Docking, MD Simulations, DFT Analysis, and ADME Profiling.

DRV is currently the most effective approved HIV-1 protease inhibitor, but after a long period of clinical treatment, multidrug-resistant HIV-1 mutations have emerged. In this paper, we initially constructed QSAR models out of 45 existing DRV analogs using 2D-QSAR, CoMFA, and CoMSIA technology. The statistical findings show that the 2D-QSAR model (q = 0.

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal regulation mechanism of biomass and non‑structural carbohydrate allocation in Oliv. under shade.

Unlabelled: The adaptability of Oliv. to shade in the forest is a crucial intrinsic driving force for its natural renewal. Elucidating the influence of shade on biomass and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation and allocation in leaf, stem and root will help to understand the endangerment mechanism of Results showed that invested more biomass in leaf than in stem and root under shade.

Sex comparison of the association between weight-adjusted waist index and physical fitness index: a cross-sectional survey of adolescents in Xinjiang, China.

The low level of physical fitness among Chinese adolescents has a negative impact on schooling and health. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) has attracted much attention as a novel indicator for assessing body composition. However, little research has been conducted on the association between WWI and the physical fitness index (PFI) among adolescents in the Xinjiang region of western China.

Constructing carboxylated cellulose nanofibers/chitosan aerogel loading with CdS/UiO-66-NH for wastewater treatment: Synergistic adsorption and visible light photocatalytic degradation.

The discharge of industrial effluents containing heavy metal ions and organic dyes has laid heavy burdens on ecosystem, meanwhile, drawing extensive scientific attention globally. In this work, CdS/UiO-66-NH heterojunction was uniformly loading on the aerogel skeleton composed of cellulose (CNF), chitosan (CS) and montmorillonite (MMT). The fabricated composite aerogel noted as CUN-CCMA was equipped with light density, a large specific area and a robust three-dimensional interpenetrating network.

An Innovative Strategy for Achieving Interface Gradient Material Using Co-Deposition Technology.

In this study, high-performance SiC whisker (SiCw)-reinforced Cu matrix functionally graded materials (FGMs) were achieved through the synergy of numerical simulation and co-electrodeposition and then successfully applied as the interface of Cu and Si. A comprehensive numerical simulation framework was developed to investigate the influence of gradient transition modes and the maximum volume fraction of SiCw on the thermal-mechanical properties in the different gradient structures. The optimized FGMs via numerical simulation were fabricated using a co-electrodeposition technique, producing a 100 μm thick coating with a SiCw volume fraction gradient ranging from 0% to 40%.

DECEPTICON: a correlation-based strategy for RNA-seq deconvolution inspired by a variation of the Anna Karenina principle.

Accurately deconvoluting cellular composition from bulk RNA-seq data is pivotal for understanding the tumor microenvironment and advancing precision medicine. Existing methods often struggle to consistently and accurately quantify cell types across heterogeneous RNA-seq datasets, particularly when ground truths are unavailable. In this study, we introduce DECEPTICON, a deconvolution strategy inspired by the Anna Karenina principle, which postulates that successful outcomes share common traits, while failures are more varied.

Flavor profiles and genetic basis differences of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei isolates from different isolations in fermented milk.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei from diverse traditional fermented foods exhibit unique flavor profiles in dairy products. In this study, 101 Lacticaseibacillus isolates were categorized into four distinct classes, with those originating from fermented dairy products demonstrating the highest flavor diversity. Multivariate statistical analyses identified diacetyl, acetoin, and 2-nonanone as key volatile compounds characterizing ketone-type isolates.

Mechanical properties of carriers based on natural polymers: Polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids as wall materials.

Traditional synthetic polymer carriers are restricted due to microplastic pollution, whereas, natural polymer materials have gained widespread use as wall materials for carriers due to their biodegradability, availability, ease of modification, and biocompatibility. The mechanical properties of carriers are particularly crucial for formulation design, storage stability, and practical performance. However, there is currently a lack of reviews on the mechanical properties of natural polymer-based carriers (NPC).

Study on TCS fermentation kinetic models and high-density culture strategy.

This study enhanced the production efficiency of Lacticaseibacillus casei TCS by optimizing medium composition and fermentation conditions for high-density culture. Initially, single-factor and orthogonal experimental designs and the response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal concentrations of medium. Subsequently, we applied the artificial neural network-genetic algorithm optimization method, which significantly increased the viable bacterial count.

CVD synthesis and optical study of bandgap-tunable Sn-doped monolayer molybdenum disulfide.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted extensive interest in next-generation optoelectronic devices and energy-harvesting absorbers due to their fascinating optical and electronic properties. It is of great interest to engineer the electronic structure of TMDCs to attain more intriguing physical properties. Here, we introduce SnCl as a low-cost, environmentally friendly dopant to simultaneously engineer the band structure of monolayer MoS and this is an easily scalable and high-quality, efficient one-step CVD method, revealing that the tensile strain induced by the different bond lengths of Sn-S and Mo-S can directionally modulate the electronic state of monolayer MoS and lead to bandgap reforming, providing a feasible way for bandgap engineering.

A One-Pot Relay Sc(III)/Base-Promoted Addition/Cyclization of 1-(-Aminophenyl)prop-2-Ynols and S/C Nucleophiles: Synthesis of 3-Sulfenylindole and 3-Arylindole Derivatives.

An efficient strategy for the construction of 3-sulfenylindoles and 3-arylindoles based on a one-pot relay Sc(III)/base-promoted Michael addition/cyclization/aromatization process has been developed. Different types of nucleophiles (thio- and carbon nucleophiles) react with -alkynyl -quinone methides (--AQMs) generated in situ from 1-(-aminophenyl)prop-2-ynols to afford the indole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. This method displays the advantages of mild conditions, simple starting materials, and broad substrate scope.

Zebrafish as a model for olfactory research: A systematic review from molecular mechanism to technology application.

Zebrafish with unique biological traits can serve as an ideal model for studying olfactory mechanisms. This review analyzes their olfactory system, focusing on the regulation of receptor gene expression, mechanisms of odor recognition, and research methodologies including behavioral assays, molecular docking, and biotechnological approaches. Current limitations include predominantly qualitative data, insufficient cross-species comparisons, and unclear mechanisms of environmental modulation.

Postharvest Flavor Quality Changes and Preservation Strategies for Peach Fruits: A Comprehensive Review.

Peach ( (L.) Batsch) is valued for its flavor, nutrition, and economic importance, yet as a climacteric fruit, it undergoes rapid postharvest senescence due to respiratory surges and ethylene production, leading to flavor loss and reduced marketability. Recent advances in postharvest physiology, including ethylene regulation, metabolic analysis, and advanced packaging, have improved preservation.

Advances in Toughening Modification Methods for Epoxy Resins: A Comprehensive Review.

This work provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in the toughening modification methods for epoxy resins. The study explores a variety of approaches, including the incorporation of liquid rubbers, core-shell rubber particles, thermoplastic resins, hyperbranched polymers, and the nanoparticle toughening method, each of which contributes to improving the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of epoxy resins. Special attention is given to the mechanisms underlying these toughening methods, such as reaction-induced phase separation, crack pinning, and energy dissipation through particle deformation.