Hourly effect of atmospheric reactive nitrogen species on the onset of acute ischemic stroke: Insight from the Shanghai Stroke Service System Database.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the most predominant causes of mortality and disability in China. Significant uncertainties in stroke diagnosis and time of onset have resulted in inconsistent evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and the risk of AIS. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of air pollution on AIS onset based on high time-resolution air pollution data and a stroke-specific registry across the past five years.

Impact and pathway of halogens on atmospheric oxidants in coastal city clusters in the Yangtze River Delta region in China.

Halogens (chlorine, bromine, and iodine) are known to profoundly influence atmospheric oxidants (hydroxyl radical (OH), hydroperoxyl radical (HO), ozone (O), and nitrate radical (NO)) in the troposphere and subsequently affecting air quality. However, their impact on atmospheric oxidation and air pollution in coastal areas in China is poorly characterized. In this study, we use the WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multiscale Air Quality) model with full halogen chemistry and process analysis to assess the influences and pathways of halogens on atmospheric oxidants in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, a typical coastal city cluster in China.

Indoor air quality in subway microenvironments: Pollutant characteristics, adverse health impacts, and population inequity.

Rapidly increasing urbanization in recent decades has elevated the subway as the primary public transportation mode in metropolitan areas. Indoor air quality (IAQ) inside subways is an important factor that influences the health of commuters and subway workers. This review discusses the subway IAQ in different cities worldwide by comparing the sources and abundance of particulate matter (PM and PM) in these environments.

PM exposure induces bronchial hyperresponsiveness by upreguating acetylcholine muscarinic 3 receptor.

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) can induce respiratory diseases that are closely related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. However, the involved mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of PM on the acetylcholine muscarinic 3 receptor (CHRM3) expression and the role of the ERK1/2 pathway in rat bronchial smooth muscle.

High-level HONO exacerbates double high pollution of O and PM in China.

Double high pollution (DHP) of ozone (O) and fine particulate matter (PM) has frequently been observed in China in recent years. Numerous studies have speculated that DHP might be related to nitrous acid (HONO), but the chemical mechanism involved remains unclear. Field observation results of DHP in Shanghai indicate that the high concentration of HONO produced by nitrogen dioxide (NO) heterogeneous reactions under conditions of high temperature and high humidity promotes an increase in PM and O concentrations.

Anthropogenic-driven changes in concentrations and sources of winter volatile organic compounds in an urban environment in the Yangtze River Delta of China between 2013 and 2021.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) serve as crucial precursors to surface ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). In response to severe air pollution challenges, China has implemented key air quality control policies from 2013 to 2021. Despite these efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition and sources of urban atmospheric VOCs and their responses to emission reduction measures remains limited.

Regulatory Insights for On-Board Monitoring of Vehicular NOx Emission Compliance.

Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) have adverse effects on human health and the environment. On-board monitoring (OBM), which can continuously collect vehicle performance and NOx emissions throughout the operation lifespan, is recognized as the core technology for future vehicle in-use compliance, but its large-scale application has not been reported. Here, we utilized OBM data from 22,520 HDDVs in China to evaluate their real-world NOx emissions.

Comprehensive assessment of copper's effect on marine organisms under ocean acidification and warming in the 21st century.

Copper (Cu) has sparked widespread global concern as one of the most hazardous metals to aquatic animals. Ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) are expected to alter copper's bioavailability based on pH and temperature-sensitive effects; research on their effects on copper on marine organisms is still in its infancy. Therefore, under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.

[Characteristics of Ozone Concentration in Shanghai and Its Associated Atmospheric Circulation Background During Summer Half-years from 2006 to 2021].

It is of great importance to scientifically evaluate the impact of weather and climate conditions on the occurrence of O pollution in order to improve the accuracy of O pollution forecasts， as well as to reasonably control and reduce the adverse effects of O pollution. The characteristics of O concentration and climate background were analyzed based on daily O concentration data， meteorological factors， and NCEP/NCER reanalysis data from 2006 to 2021 in Shanghai. In addition， the differences in atmospheric circulation situations during years with anomalous O concentrations were compared and diagnosed from the perspective of climatology.

Constructing a 3D BiWO/ZnInS direct Z-scheme heterostructure for improved photocatalytic CO reduction performance.

Developing efficient heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced charge transfer and reduced recombination rates of photogenerated carriers is crucial for harnessing solar energy in the photocatalytic CO reduction into renewable fuels. This study employed electrostatic self-assembly techniques to construct a 3D BiWO/ZnInS direct Z-scheme heterojunctions. The unique 3D structure provided abundant active sites and facilitated CO adsorption.

Life-Course Health Risk Assessment of PM Elements in China: Exposure Disparities by Species, Source, Age, Gender, and Location.

Key stages in people's lives have particular relevance for their health; the life-course approach stresses the importance of these stages. Here, we applied a life-course approach to analyze the health risks associated with PM-bound elements, which were measured at three sites with varying environmental conditions in eastern China. Road traffic was found to be the primary source of PM-bound elements at all three locations, but coal combustion was identified as the most important factor to induce both cancer risk (CR) and noncancer risk (NCR) across all age groups due to the higher toxicity of elements such as As and Pb associated with coal.

Characterization of organic vapors by a Vocus proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry at a mountain site in southeastern China.

Biogenic and anthropogenic organic vapors are crucial precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. Here we conducted real-time measurements of gaseous organic compounds using a Vocus proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (Vocus PTR-MS) at the Shanghuang mountain site (1128 m a.s.

High organic aerosol in the low layer over a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP): Observations based on large tethered balloon.

High mass concentration of organic aerosol (OA) and its fraction in PM (particle matter with radius <2.5 μm) were observed in the low layer over a rural site of the North China Plain (NCP) in winter 2018. The mass fraction of OA in PM was 65.

Application of multi-angle spaceborne observations in characterizing the long-term particulate organic carbon pollution in China.

Ambient PM pollution is recognized as a leading environmental risk factor, causing significant mortality and morbidity in China. However, the specific contributions of individual PM constituents remain unclear, primarily due to the lack of a comprehensive ground monitoring network for constituents. This issue is particularly critical for carbonaceous species such as organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), which are known for their significant health impacts, and understanding the OC/EC ratio is crucial for identifying pollution sources.

Associations between ultrafine particle pollution and daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Shanghai, China: a time-series analysis.

Previous epidemiological studies have linked short-term exposure to particulate matter with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. However, evidence on ultrafine particle (UFP) is still scarce in China. To investigate the association between short-term UFP exposure and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases as well as the corresponding lag patterns, information on outpatient visits for main respiratory diseases during January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019 was collected from electronic medical records of two large tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China.

A novel calibration method for continuous airborne metal measurements: Implications for aerosol source apportionment.

Continuous metal monitors have been widely used in environmental monitoring due to the high temporal resolution, high detection limit, and necessity for near real-time source apportionment. However, the reliability of the conventional calibration method, the deviation caused by uncalibrated monitoring data, and the subsequent impact on source identification results are rarely discussed. In this study, a reliable multi-point calibration approach by Primary Standard Aerosol Mass Concentration Calibration System (PAMAS) for the Xact625i Ambient Metals Monitor was developed and applied.

[A Comparison Study on Multiple Modeling Approaches for Air Pollutant Geographic Model Development in Shanghai].

Geostatistical models have been widely used in the exposure assessment of ambient air pollutants. However, few studies have focused on comparisons of modeling approaches and their prediction results. Here, we collected the NO and PM monitoring data from 55 sites in Shanghai from 2016 to 2019 and the geographic variables, such as road network, points of interest of emission locations, and satellite data were included.

Effects of VOC emissions from chemical industrial parks on regional O-PM compound pollution in the Yangtze River Delta.

Ozone (O) and fine particulate matter (PM) compound pollution has emerged as a primary form of air pollution in Chinese urban. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as common precursors of O and PM, play a significant role in air pollution control. Chemical industrial parks (CIPs) are crucial emission sources of VOCs and have garnered significant attention.

Role of NLRP3 in the exacerbation of ozone-induced allergic rhinitis.

Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa, and the impact of ozone on AR is gaining increasing attention. Although NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AR, its regulatory mechanisms in ozone-induced exacerbation remain unclear. Therefore, we explored the impact of ozone inhalation on inflammation in AR and investigated the regulatory mechanisms involving NLRP3.

Comprehensive Assessment of Pollution Sources and Health Impacts in Suburban Area of Shanghai.

Shanghai, one of China's largest metropolises, faces significant environmental pollution challenges due to rapid economic development. Suburban areas of Shanghai are affected by both long-distance transport and local sources of pollutants. This study conducted an integrated analysis that links health-risk assessment of heavy metals and source apportionment of atmospheric constituents to distinguish the contributions of emission sources and the major sources of health risks.

Budget of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) during the haze and clean periods in Shanghai: Importance of heterogeneous reactions.

Nitrous acid (HONO) plays a significant role in radical cycling and atmospheric oxidative chemistry. While the source and evolution of HONO in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China after 2018 remains largely unknown, this work monitored HONO and other air pollutants throughout 2019 at an urban site (Pudong, PD) and a suburban site (Qingpu, QP) in Shanghai. Episodes with high HONO mixing ratios but different PM levels, namely haze and clean episodes, were chosen for HONO budget analysis.

Identifying the O chemical regime inferred from the weekly pattern of atmospheric O, CO, NO, and PM: Five-year observations at a center urban site in Shanghai, China.

Ozone pollution is still considered a severe environmental problem in China despite the fact that great efforts have been devoted to monitoring and alleviating its impact by the Chinese government including the establishment of numerous observational networks. One of the issues most relevant to the design of emission reduction policies is to distinguish the O chemical regime. Here a method of quantifying the fraction of the radical loss versus NO chemistry was applied to identify the O chemical regime inferred from the weekly pattern of atmospheric O, CO, NO, and PM, which were monitored by Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China (MEEC).