EMC Effect of Tritium and Helium-3 from the JLab MARATHON Experiment.

Measurements of the EMC effect in the tritium and helium-3 mirror nuclei are reported. The data were obtained by the MARATHON Jefferson Lab experiment, which performed deep inelastic electron scattering from deuterium and the three-body nuclei, using a cryogenic gas target system and the high resolution spectrometers of the Hall A Facility of the Lab. The data cover the Bjorken x range from 0.

Modulating thermal conductance at ligand/nanocrystal interfaces oxygen-coordinated ligands.

The interfacial thermal conductance () between a cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystal (NC) and three related organic ligands-olealdehyde, oleyl alcohol, and oleic acid-was investigated computationally. These ligands have the same carbon backbone but differ in the number and type of oxygen-coordinated headgroups (carbonyl and/or hydroxyl), leading to distinct bonding geometries involving monodentate and bidentate bonds. For a fully encapsulated NC, increases in the order of olealdehyde, oleic acid, and oleyl alcohol ligands.

Engineering gold nanosheets into bugle-like assemblies for plasmon-enhanced near-infrared oncology treatment.

Photothermal tumor therapy (PTT) performance heavily relies on the optical properties of energy transfer materials, and the precise tuning of morphology is key to achieving its performance optimization. Among typical noble metal nanostructures, low-symmetry gold (Au) nanocrystals, with tunable optical properties in the visible and near-infrared regions through their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties, are able to efficiently convert absorbed light energy into thermal energy and show unique advantages in photothermal applications. In this study, we present a novel synthesis of gold (Au) nanocrystals with low-symmetry shapes, employing hexamethylenetetramine to induce the rolling of Au nanosheets into cone-like structures, which subsequently evolve into bugle forms.

Dual-Plasmonic Yolk-Shell Au Nanoplate@CuSe Hollow Spheres for Enhanced Near-Infrared II Photothermal Conversion.

We report the design and synthesis of a dual-plasmonic yolk-shell nanostructure containing Au nanoplate@CuSe hollow spheres with tunable selenium (Se) content, engineered to enhance NIR-II photothermal conversion performance. The fabrication process begins with the high-yield synthesis of Au nanoplates, which serve as both a structural template and a plasmonic core. A conformal CuO layer is then grown on the Au nanoplate surface, followed by controlled selenization to convert CuO into CuSe, concurrently forming a yolk-shell architecture with a hollow interlayer.

Bicontinuous AuCu nanoplates enable enhanced near-infrared photothermal eradication of bacterial infections in vivo.

The effectiveness of photothermal therapy is critically dependent on the optical properties of energy transduction materials, with precise morphological control being essential for achieving optimal therapeutic performance. In this study, we report the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) bicontinuous AuCu nanoplates via synergistic galvanic replacement between Cu nanoplates and AuCl₄⁻, as assisted by oxygen etching. The unique 2D structure, characterized by an extensive porous network, significantly enhances photothermal conversion efficiency compared to Cu nanoplates and AuCu nanoplates with solid interiors.

Properties of Cosmic Lithium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

We present the first measurement of cosmic-ray fluxes of ^{6} Li and ^{7} Li isotopes in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 25 GV. The measurements are based on 9.

Quantum super-resolution imaging: a review and perspective.

Quantum super-resolution imaging provides a nonlabeling method to surpass the diffraction limit of imaging systems. This technique relies on measurement of the second-order correlation function and usually employs spatially entangled photon sources. We introduce recent methods that achieve spatial resolution enhancement through quantum approaches, particularly the imaging techniques utilizing biphoton states.

Astronaut dose coefficients calculated using GEANT4 and comparison with ICRP123.

Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients are fundamental ingredients to calculate astronaut radiation dose in space. For this purpose, the conversion coefficients for isotropic radiation provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publication 123 (ICRP123) are widely used. Understanding the uncertainties in these coefficients is important for a precise calculation of radiation dose.

The Cu─O─Co Asymmetric Bimetallic Sites Constructed by Ion-Exchange for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Recently, constructing oxygen-bridged asymmetric bimetallic sites has proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing electrocatalytic activity. The strong electronic interaction between the metals regulates the d-band center, optimizing the adsorption and desorption of oxygen intermediates and lowering the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) energy barrier. However, examples of constructing such asymmetric sites in π-d conductive metal-organic frameworks (cMOFs) are still scarce.

Regulating Plasmonic Properties through Asymmetric Oxidative Etching of Octahedral Au@Ag Core-Shell Nanocrystals with Iridium Chloride.

We present the engineering of plasmonic nanostructures and their optical properties through the asymmetric oxidative etching of octahedral Au@Ag core-shell nanocrystals. This process utilizes iridium chloride to produce Au@Ag-AgCl-IrO products under hydrothermal conditions. This method deviates from conventional techniques that involve the oxidative etching of Ag nanocubes with Au precursors, which typically results in an isotropic and gradual etching process.

Engineering Aqueous Electrolytes with Vicinal S-based Organic Additives for Highly Reversible Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The commercial deployment of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is hampered by dendrites, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and corrosion reactions. To tackle these challenges, we have introduced 3,3'-dithiobis-1-propanesulfonic acid disodium salt (SPS), a symmetrical sulfur-based organic salt, as an electrolyte additive for AZIBs. Unlike conventional electrolyte additives that favor (002) deposition, SPS enables dense (100) growth through a unique symmetrically aligned concentration-controlled adsorption network, affording structural uniformity and compactness to the Zn deposit layer.

Solar Modulation of Cosmic Nuclei over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

We report the properties of precision time structures of cosmic nuclei He, Li, Be, B, C, N, and O fluxes over an 11-year solar cycle from May 2011 to November 2022 in the rigidity range from 1.92 to 60.3 GV.

Antiprotons and Elementary Particles over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

We present results over an 11-year Solar cycle of cosmic antiprotons based on 1.1×10^{6} events in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.

Correlation between night sweats and season fluctuation in China.

Background: Night sweats are a condition in which an individual sweats excessively during sleep without awareness, and stops when they wake up. Prolonged episodes of night sweats might result in the depletion of trace elements and nutrients, affecting the growth and development of children.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between sweat nights and season.

Casimir interaction driven by hyperbolic polaritons.

Casimir interaction is an intriguing phenomenon that is induced by electromagnetic quantum fluctuations, which dominates the interaction between microstructures at small separations and is essential for micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS). However, Casimir interaction driven by hyperbolic polaritons remains an unexplored frontier. In this work, we investigate the Casimir interaction between natural hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride from the perspective of force distribution with different optical axis orientations for the first time.

Oxygen Defect Site Filling Strategy Induced Moderate Enrichment of Reactants for Efficient Electrocatalytic Biomass Upgrading.

The electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) provides a feasible approach for the efficient utilization of biomass. Defect regulation is an effective strategy in the field of biomass upgrading to enhance the adsorption capacity of reactants and thus increase the activity. However, how to select appropriate strategies to regulate the over-enrichment of reactants induced by excessive oxygen vacancy is still a huge challenge.

Genetic biomarker prediction based on gender disparity in asthma throughout machine learning.

Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition affecting populations worldwide, with prevalence ranging from 1-18% across different nations. Gender differences in asthma prevalence have attracted much attention.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate biomarkers of gender differences in asthma prevalence based on machine learning.

Selenium-Doped Seeded Growth of Truncated Octahedral Gold Nanocrystals with Surface Concavities for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Concave nanocrystals stand out as a testament to the importance of the nanoscale morphology in dictating the functional properties of materials. In this report, we introduce a facile synthesis method for producing gold (Au) nanocrystals with a truncated octahedral morphology that features surface concavities (Au CNTOs). The incorporation of selenium (Se) doping into the truncated octahedral Au seeds was essential for their enlargement and the formation of concave structures.

Probing the Quark Orbital Angular Momentum at Electron-Ion Colliders Using Exclusive π^{0} Production.

We propose to detect signals from quark orbital angular momentum (OAM) through exclusive π^{0} production in electron- (longitudinally polarized) proton collisions. Our analysis demonstrates that the sin2ϕ azimuthal angular correlation between the transverse momentum of the scattered electron and the recoil proton serves as a sensitive probe of quark OAM. Additionally, we present a numerical estimate of the asymmetry associated with this correlation for the kinematics accessible at the Electron-Ion Colliders in the U.

Harnessing Deep Learning for Accurate Pathological Assessment of Brain Tumor Cell Types.

Primary diffuse central nervous system large B-cell lymphoma (CNS-pDLBCL) and high-grade glioma (HGG) often present similarly, clinically and on imaging, making differentiation challenging. This similarity can complicate pathologists' diagnostic efforts, yet accurately distinguishing between these conditions is crucial for guiding treatment decisions. This study leverages a deep learning model to classify brain tumor pathology images, addressing the common issue of limited medical imaging data.

Giant Enhancement of Hole Mobility for 4H-Silicon Carbide through Suppressing Interband Electron-Phonon Scattering.

4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) possesses a high Baliga figure of merit, making it a promising material for power electronics. However, its applications are limited by low hole mobility. Herein, we found that the hole mobility of 4H-SiC is mainly limited by the strong interband electron-phonon scattering using mode-level first-principles calculations.

Properties of Cosmic Deuterons Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron (D) flux are presented. The measurements are based on 21×10^{6} D nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021.