Understanding the genetics and neurology: an overview of adult neurogenetics.

Neurogenetics investigates the genetic basis of neurological disorders. It encompasses conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases with predominantly polygenic risk genes, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, to monogenic diseases and repeated expansion disorders within movement and neuromuscular disorders, such as Friedreich ataxia and muscular dystrophies. Significant advances in recent years that have revolutionized our understanding of disease mechanisms and paved the way for personalized medicine approaches are due to the field of neurogenetics, with its intricate relationship both with clinical and genetic research.

A Comparative Study of Clinical Outcomes in Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy for Patients With Congenital and Non-Congenital Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis: A Midterm Results.

Study Design: A comparative study.

Background: Congenital lumbar spinal canal stenosis (CLSS) is characterized by maldevelopment of the dorsal spinal elements, which results in a constricted spinal canal. Endoscopic discectomy procedures in patients with CLSS present more significant challenges in achieving sufficient decompression than those in patients with noncongenital spinal stenosis.

The Effect of Irrigation Solutions on the Setting Time, Solubility, and pH of Three Types of Premixed Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealers.

Calcium silicate- and strontium (Sr) silicate-based sealers are hydraulic materials that require moisture to initiate and complete the setting reaction. This study evaluated the effects of various irrigants on the setting time, solubility, and pH of premixed bioceramic sealers. The sealers investigated in this study were CeraSeal (CS), C-Root (CR) SP, and KP-Root (KPR) SP.

An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets.

Phase Transition and Permeability Behavior of Salicylic Acid Loaded Myristic Acid Gels: Insights from Molecular Dynamics and Confocal Imaging.

A solvent-exchangeable gel (ISG) system was developed for the localized and sustained delivery of salicylic acid (SAL) using a myristic acid (MYR) based lipid matrix. Upon exposure to aqueous environments, the ISG undergoes a sol-to-gel transition, forming a semisolid matrix that enables prolonged drug retention and controlled release. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated effective permeation, while powder X-ray diffraction confirmed a reduction in crystallinity following gelation, evidenced by broad peaks around 8° 2θ indicative of amorphous or semicrystalline transformation.

Atomistic-Level Structural Insight into Vespa Venom (Ves a 1) and Lipid Membrane Through the View of Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

This study used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural dynamics of Ves a 1, a phospholipase from venom, and its interactions within a lipid membrane environment, both alone and in the presence of the inhibitor voxilaprevir. Simulations conducted over 1 µs for triplicate runs demonstrated system stability and convergence of structural properties. Our findings reveal that Ves a 1 engages in dynamic interactions with the lipid bilayer, involving key regions such as its lids, catalytic triad, and auxiliary site.

Comparison of Herbal and Potassium Nitrate Toothpastes in Managing Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a toothpaste containing Java Tea and Little Ironweed in alleviating tooth sensitivity compared to a conventional potassium nitrate toothpaste. : A total of 90 healthy patients aged 18-70 with up to two teeth exhibiting gingival recession were recruited into this study. All selected teeth had a visual analog scale (VAS) score ≥ 4 in response to tactile or air blast stimuli.

Transfer of the Intercostal Nerves to the Radial Nerve Branch Innervating the Long Head of the Triceps Muscle for Elbow Extension.

Background: Transfer of intercostal nerves to the radial nerve branch innervating the long head of the triceps muscle for elbow extension is indicated in patients with traumatic brachial plexus palsy that is either the pan-plexus type or C5-C7 palsy with no triceps muscle function. The procedure aims to restore triceps muscle function through the use of the intercostal nerves, which are expendable nerves, as donors.

Description: The procedure is performed by first identifying the third to fifth intercostal nerves and coaptating them to the radial nerve branch innervating the long head of the triceps muscle.

Phosphoprotein Profile of Ameloblastoma.

Objective: Ameloblastoma (AM) is a well-known benign odontogenic tumor recognized for its aggressive nature, believed to originate from tooth-forming tissue or the dental follicle (DF). Phosphoproteins are crucial for cellular signaling, enabling intracellular communication and regulating various physiological processes. In cancer, phosphoproteins are fundamental to both pathogenesis and pathophysiology.

Focused communication Three-dimensional volume estimates of pancreatic fluid collections in relation to clinical outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided treatment.

Background And Aims: The 3-D volume of a pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) has not been fully investigated in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided treatment.

Methods: In 372 patients, we examined the 3-D volume in relation to the clinical outcomes.

Results: In walled-off necrosis, 3-D volume was associated with time to clinical success and in-hospital mortality with a multivariable subdistribution hazard ratio of 0.

Trueness comparison of various intraoral scanners and hybrid workflow for ceramic restoration.

Background: The scanned abutment file for the digital design of restorations can be either obtained directly using the intraoral scanner (IOS) or scanning the impression or the working model with the extraoral scanner (EOS). The trueness of the scanned file pertains to its effect on the accuracy of the restoration.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the trueness of scan files from different intraoral scanners (IOSs) and the hybrid workflow using the E3 extraoral scanner (EOS) for ceramic restoration.

Controversies, Consensuses, and Guidelines on Preventing, Diagnosing and Managing Acute-onset Bacterial Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery by the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), and the Asia-Pacific Society of Ocular Inflammation and Infection (APSOII).

Post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis is a serious but largely preventable clinical entity. The implementation of uniform pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative protocols is essential to reduce its incidence. In light of emerging evidence and considerable variability in clinical practices, a panel of international experts from the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), and the Asia-Pacific Society of Ocular Inflammation and Infection (APSOII) convened to develop evidence-based guidelines addressing all phases of cataract surgery.

Revised Ocular Trauma Score (rOTS): to develop and internally validate a predictive model for visual outcomes after open globe injury.

Purpose: We aimed to develop and validate a prognostic scoring model for predicting poor visual outcomes in patients with open globe injury (OGI).

Design: A retrospective cohort study of patients with OGI from two teaching hospitals in Thailand.

Methods: 311 patients diagnosed with OGI between 2016 and 2023 were used to develop a multivariable logistic regression model predicting final visual acuity aimed at 6 months post-OGI.

Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study in Powered and Manual Stapler in Low Anterior Resection of Rectal Cancer.

Background: Anastomotic leakage remains one of the most serious complications following low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer. While powered circular staplers (PCS) have been introduced to improve surgical consistency and reduce technical errors, their clinical superiority over manual circular staplers (MCS) remains unclear.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2022 to April 2025, enrolling 179 patients with mid-to-low rectal cancer scheduled for LAR.

In-situ fabrication of Quercus Infectoria-loaded bacterial cellulose-collagen composite for potential wound dressing materials.

This study investigates the fabrication of bacterial cellulose (BC)-collagen hydrolysate (CH) composite films with Quercus infectoria (QI) extract for potential wound dressing applications. The prepared materials were characterized for their morphology, swelling ratio, mechanical strength and antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility. The addition of CH (2 % w/v) significantly enhanced BC production (8.

Factors influencing learning agility: undergraduate university students in Fuzhou.

This study aims to measure learning agility levels among Fuzhou undergraduate students, identify influencing factors, and validate a mediational model of these factors. Guided by 17 hypotheses, we examined how emotional intelligence (EI), achievement motivation (AM), self‑leadership (SL), and self-efficacy (SE) influence learning agility, with specific focus on chain mediating effects (e.g.

The Impact of Vision Impairment on Self-Reported Falls Among Older US Adults: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study.

Background: Falls are the leading cause of injury among older adults, with vision impairment recognized as a significant risk factor. However, many existing studies have been limited by small sample sizes, retrospective designs, or insufficient adjustment for confounding factors. To overcome these limitations, we used data from the University of Michigan's Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to analyze the association between self-reported vision and fall risk among older adults in a large, nationally representative sample.

Metformin in the treatment of hyperglycemia during pregnancy and periconception: guideline-informed expert recommendations from seven countries/states in the Asia-Pacific region.

Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health yet remains underreported, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. This public health challenge includes gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-existing diabetes, and diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy, with regional prevalence rates as high as 28%. Left untreated, HIP can lead to adverse maternal outcomes such as preeclampsia and excessive gestational weight gain, as well as neonatal complications, including macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycemia.

Effect of Superabsorbent Polymer Size on Strength and Shrinkage in Concrete Mixtures.

This study investigates the influence of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particle size on the mechanical and shrinkage behavior of concrete. Five concrete mixtures were prepared using SAPs with varying size ranges: 150-300 µm, 300-600 µm, 600-1800 µm, and a blended mix combining 300-600 µm and 600-1180 µm. The primary focus was on evaluating compressive strength, elastic modulus, autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, and total shrinkage.

Associations of Butyrylcholinesterase Activity and Lipid-Related Indices with Obesity in Thai Children.

Background: Childhood obesity is a significant global health concern. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) has been shown to play a role in lipid metabolism. This study aimed to assess BChE activity, obesity-related and lipid-related indices, and dyslipidemia in obese and non-obese children, and to investigate the associations of these parameters with obesity among Thai children.

Controversies, consensuses, and guidelines on macular hole surgery by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS) and the Asia-Pacific Academy of Professors in Ophthalmology (AAPPO).

Macular hole surgery, primarily pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILM) and gas tamponade, has become the standard of care for full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Despite the 85% to 95% anatomical closure rate, several aspects of the procedure are well accepted whereas some may remain controversial among vitreoretinal surgeons. An international panel of experts (IPE) comprising 27 experts from 10 countries/territories was established to evaluate a total of 38 consensus statements on ILM peeling extent, vital dye selection, face-down positioning requirements, tamponade options, timing of surgery and re-surgery, management of difficult and refractory cases, and adjuvant therapies.

Tobacco smoking in a high-IQ society in Indonesia.

Introduction: Individuals with higher intelligence are often believed to be more aware of the health risks associated with smoking and more inclined to adopt healthier lifestyles. This study investigates the prevalence of smoking among high-IQ individuals in Indonesia, providing insights that could inform targeted health interventions.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a population with high IQ.

Nerve Grafting and Nerve Transfer in Incomplete Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: A Systematic Review.

Primary neuroma excision and autografting are the gold-standard surgical treatments for brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). With the rising popularity of distal nerve transfers, it is more frequently utilised to manage BPBI. However, distal transfers for BPBI remain under investigation.

Factors predicting renal impairment associated with Tenofovir Disoproxil fumarate: Focus on patients with HIV and pre-existing metabolic abnormalities under the Thai National Health Security Scheme.

Objective: The incidence of nephrotoxicity is reported as 20 % among Thai patients with HIV receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). It can occur as early as 24 weeks after initiating TDF therapy. Metabolic abnormalities are the major comorbidities in patients with HIV receiving antiretrovirals.