A Comparative Outcome of Full Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for L4/5 Central-Paracentral Disc Herniation: Interlaminar versus Transforaminal Approach: A 2-Year Prospective Randomized Controlled Follow-Up Study.

 The interlaminar and transforaminal approaches are commonly employed in full endoscopic lumbar spine surgery. Both approaches are well-suited for addressing specific types of lumbar disc herniation, particularly at the L4/5 level.  This article compares the clinical outcomes of full endoscopic discectomy for L4/5 central-paracentral disc herniation between the interlaminar and transforaminal approaches.

A new cytotoxic stilbene from (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein.

A new stilbene, ()-2,4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3,5-dihydroxystilbene (), and ten known compounds including stilbenoids (, , , ), coumaric acid ester (), flavonoids (-), aromatic aldehyde () and triterpenoid glycoside () were isolated from the leaves and roots of the lady slipper's orchid (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein.

Image-Based Diagnostic Performance of LLMs vs CNNs for Oral Lichen Planus: Example-Guided and Differential Diagnosis.

Introduction And Aims: The overlapping characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP), a chronic oral mucosal inflammatory condition, with those of other oral lesions, present diagnostic challenges. Large language models (LLMs) with integrated computer-vision capabilities and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) constitute an alternative diagnostic modality. We evaluated the ability of seven LLMs, including both proprietary and open-source models, to detect OLP from intraoral images and generate differential diagnoses.

Revisiting the Role of Intravitreal Triamcinolone in Diabetic Macular Edema: 12-Month Outcomes after Bevacizumab Failure.

Introduction: Refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) is challenging in resource-limited settings, where costly alternatives such as non-bevacizumab anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and corticosteroid implants are inaccessible. In Thailand, budget constraints exclude these drugs from healthcare schemes covering 92% of the population, a common issue in developing Asian countries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcome of repeated intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) dosages for DME refractory to intravitreal bevacizumab over a 12-month period using a decision algorithm.

A Delphi consensus on nebulized budesonide for adults with asthma and COPD.

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) represent an alternative treatment option to systemic corticosteroids (SCS) in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, detailed clinical guidance on the use of nebulized ICS, such as budesonide, in the management of asthma and COPD remains scarce.

Objective: To review the literature and develop Delphi consensus statements on the use of nebulized ICS for the management of asthma and COPD in adults.

Methods: An expert panel of 13 respiratory physicians, comprising pulmonologists (n = 9), allergists (n = 1), and emergency department consultants (n = 3) from tertiary medical centers in Thailand, undertook a Delphi procedure with the aim of developing evidence-based consensus statements on the use of nebulized ICS in patients with asthma and COPD.

Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in Thailand.

Escherichia coli is the major causative agent for urinary tract infections (UTIs), and fluoroquinolones (FQ) are commonly used in the treatment of patients with UTIs. The surge in FQ-resistant E. coli is an important public health threat worldwide.

Mucilage and Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Plaster Gel for Nicotine Delivery.

The potential uses of extracting mucilage from plant sources have led to much research in this field. One possible source of mucilage for agri-food-pharma utilization is the fruits of the , date palm. For developing the plaster gel loaded with nicotine, we, therefore, applied the mucilage from date palm fruits as a gel-forming agent.

Effect of radiation therapy on the dentin bond strength of a universal adhesive.

Background: Successful restorative procedures, particularly for patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy, rely on a robust adhesive interface. Since radiotherapy may alter dental tissues and compromise bonding, this study evaluated how the timing of radiation exposure affects the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin with different application modes.

Methods: Forty-two human third molars were used in this study.

A Weighted Facial Expression Analysis for Pain Level Estimation.

Accurate assessment of pain intensity is critical, particularly for patients who are unable to verbally express their discomfort. This study proposes a novel weighted analytical framework that integrates facial expression analysis through action units (AUs) with a facial feature-based weighting mechanism to enhance the estimation of pain intensity. The proposed method was evaluated on a dataset comprising 4084 facial images from 25 individuals and demonstrated an average accuracy of 92.

Investigation of Biodegradation and Biocompatibility of Chitosan-Bacterial Cellulose Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications.

Developing scaffolds with a three-dimensional porous structure and adequate mechanical properties remains a key challenge in tissue engineering of bone. These scaffolds must be biocompatible and biodegradable to effectively support osteoblastic cell attachment, metabolic activity, and differentiation. This study successfully fabricated a chitosan-bacterial cellulose (CS-BC) composite scaffold using the solvent casting/particle leaching (SCPL) technique, with NaOH/urea solution and sodium chloride crystals as the porogen.

Effective refractive error coverage in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of updated estimates from population-based surveys in 76 countries modelling the path towards the 2030 global target.

Background: In 2024, WHO included effective refractive error coverage (eREC) into the results framework of the 14th General Programme of Work, which sets a road map for global health and guides WHO's work between 2025 and 2028. eREC is a measure of both the availability and quality of refractive correction in a population. This study aimed to model global and regional estimates of eREC as of 2023 and evaluate progress towards the WHO global target of a 40 percentage-point absolute increase in eREC by 2030.

Effects of Complex Training on Sprint Acceleration and Neuromuscular Performance in Young Male Sprinters: A Comparison Between Incline and Level Speed Bounding.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of complex training (CT) with inclined versus horizontal speed bounding on sprint acceleration ability and neuromuscular performance in youth male sprinters.

Methods: Thirty male sprinters 14 to 16 years of age were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups (n = 10/group): CT with incline speed bounding, CT with horizontal speed bounding, or control (CON). Both intervention groups completed 3 repetitions of back-squat exercise (85% 1-repetition maximum), followed by speed bounding on either a 9° or 0° platform, twice weekly for 6 weeks in addition to their usual training, whereas the CON group received no intervention.

Outcomes of Treatment in Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Based on Minimal Manifestation: A Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness caused by autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors. Prednisolones improve symptoms by reducing autoantibody activity, but its optimal use, particularly in ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG), remains unclear due to limited trials and variable responses.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy, optimal dosing, and predictors of first minimal manifestation (MM) with oral prednisolone in myasthenia gravis, based on the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Post-Intervention Status (MGFA-PIS).

Comprehensive investigation of antibacterial and antifungal activities across solid, liquid, and vapor phases against key human pathogens.

The escalating global incidence of antimicrobial resistance poses a significant public health challenge. In response, exploring alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly derived from plants, becomes crucial to alleviate the selective pressure exerted by conventional antibiotics. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of essential oil extracted from fruits and to evaluate its antimicrobial potential, along with its major compound, across solid, liquid, and vapor phases.

modulating effect and molecular docking of stilbene derivatives on P-gp efflux transporter.

Highly expressed P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in cancer cells reduces chemotherapeutic effectiveness by transporting drugs out of the cells. This study evaluated the potential of eight phenanthrene-structured stilbenoids isolated from orchids in modulating P-gp activity. Molecular docking studies were conducted to predict the best-fitting stilbenoids for P-gp binding domains, and a substrate uptake assay was used to assess their effects.

Characteristics and influencing factors of head and neck injuries in motorcycle accidents: a retrospective analysis in Bangkok, Thailand.

Background: Road traffic incidents, particularly those involving motorcycles, pose a significant public health concern, especially in low-income countries. This study aims to investigate the incidence and patterns of head and neck injuries, as well as to analyze factors contributing to these injuries.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken utilizing the medical records of motorcycle incident patients derived from the provincial injury surveillance data collected between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, at a single center.

Frequency, severity, and patterns of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in neonatal encephalopathy after therapeutic hypothermia and short-term outcomes.

Background: Information on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is limited in upper middle-income countries, and their association with short-term outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate frequency, severity, and patterns of MRI abnormalities in infants with NE who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (TH), and to assess the association between MRI injury and outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated MRI injuries using the Weeke score in infants with varying NE severity, who were treated with TH between 2017 and 2023.

PERFLUOROCARBON LIQUID-SILICONE OIL EXCHANGE: THE SIMPLICITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE SINGLE-PORT TECHNIQUE AND A REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the "Single Port Technique" for perfluorocarbon liquid-silicone oil (SO) exchange for the management of giant retinal tear detachments.

Methods: The previously reported techniques of direct perfluorocarbon liquid-SO exchange used two ports to achieve the influx and outflux of fluid. The term "Single Port" refers to the use of only one port as the exclusive port for the inflow of SO and the outflow of fluid meniscus and perfluorocarbon liquid, performed alternately.

Fabrication and mechanical testing of polydioxanone hook cross biodegradable self-expandable enteric stent: impact of fabrication density and mechanical properties of the stent.

Background: The mechanical properties of biodegradable stent when fabricated using different number of pins per row of fabrication has been limited. We compared the radial compressive force of polydioxanone (PDO) stent that was fabricated in hook and cross manner, using 13, 17 and 19 pins per row and measure the radial compressive force and ex vivo deployment.

Methods: The PDO stents fabricated by the in-house aluminum mandrel were tested for radial force using plate compression until the stent achieved 50% strain.

Interruptins Extracted from Protect Gut Pathologies Induced by High-Fat Diet in Rats.

Background/objectives: The fern "" () or "Maiden Fern" contains interruptin A and interruptin B. This plant could attenuate obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in rats fed a high-fat/calorie diet. However, the benefits of to the gut remain unknown.

A 12-Week Prospective, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized Study Comparing 100 Units of Abobotulinum Toxin Type A (Dysport) and 33.33 Units of Neubotulinum Toxin Type A (Neuronox) for the Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm.

Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS) have primarily focused on symptom relief and quality-of-life improvement. However, head-to-head comparisons of different BoNT-A formulations, particularly in terms of onset, duration of action, and efficacy, remain limited. We conducted a 12-week prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of 33.

Risk of CIN2+ in women aged >60 years with abnormal cervical cancer screening: a multicenter retrospective cohort study from the Thai Gynecologic Cancer Society research group.

Objective: To study patterns of abnormal cervical cancer screening in women aged >60 years and explore the risk and predictors of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined 1,596 women aged >60 years with abnormal cervical cancer screening results from eight Thai cancer centers. Those who underwent hysterectomy were excluded.

Antimicrobial efficacy of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peel extracts in airborne microbial control within livestock farming environments.

Infectious diseases pose a significant challenge in animal farming, largely due to the increased susceptibility of animals in high-density farming environments. Consequently, the use of antimicrobial drugs has intensified to manage these outbreaks. However, this escalation has led to concerns regarding antimicrobial contamination and the development of bacterial resistance.

Response to nitrazepam in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome after failed standard treatment.

Objective: Over half of children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) do not respond to standard treatments. Nitrazepam has shown efficacy similar to adrenocorticotrophic hormone. This study evaluated response rates, adverse effects of nitrazepam, and factors associated with responders in children with IESS who failed standard treatment.

From Citrus to Clinic: Limonene's Journey Through Preclinical Research, Clinical Trials, and Formulation Innovations.

Limonene is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in oranges, lemons, grapefruit, fennel, and caraway, and is a part of essential oils of different plants. It has caught the eye of the research community owing to its innumerable health benefits. It exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antidiabetic, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities.