Revisiting the Role of Intravitreal Triamcinolone in Diabetic Macular Edema: 12-Month Outcomes after Bevacizumab Failure.

Introduction: Refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) is challenging in resource-limited settings, where costly alternatives such as non-bevacizumab anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and corticosteroid implants are inaccessible. In Thailand, budget constraints exclude these drugs from healthcare schemes covering 92% of the population, a common issue in developing Asian countries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcome of repeated intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) dosages for DME refractory to intravitreal bevacizumab over a 12-month period using a decision algorithm.

PERFLUOROCARBON LIQUID-SILICONE OIL EXCHANGE: THE SIMPLICITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE SINGLE-PORT TECHNIQUE AND A REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the "Single Port Technique" for perfluorocarbon liquid-silicone oil (SO) exchange for the management of giant retinal tear detachments.

Methods: The previously reported techniques of direct perfluorocarbon liquid-SO exchange used two ports to achieve the influx and outflux of fluid. The term "Single Port" refers to the use of only one port as the exclusive port for the inflow of SO and the outflow of fluid meniscus and perfluorocarbon liquid, performed alternately.

Optimizing axial length estimation for intraocular lens power calculation in phacovitrectomy for macula-off retinal detachment.

Background: To evaluate methods of preoperative axial length (AL) estimation for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). These methods included optical biometry, A-scan biometry, and novel decision algorithms.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted at a tertiary hospital from January 2018 to December 2023.

Sensory outcome of exotropia surgery in Thailand: a retrospective multicenter study.

Aim: To evaluate the characteristics of exotropia (XT) and motor-sensory outcomes after surgical correction and to determine the factors associated with sensory outcomes of XT surgery.

Methods: The medical records of all patients that were diagnosed with XT and underwent strabismus surgery in 13 major government hospitals in Thailand; from January 2012 to December 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify factors related to binocular vision.

Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Multicenter Study on Factors Associated with Visual Outcomes and Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: This multicenter study aimed to evaluate visual outcomes and analyze the specific viral pathogens and other factors associated with severe visual impairment (SVI), and retinal detachment (RD) in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study included ARN patients who underwent aqueous or vitreous PCR testing. Multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with viral pathogens and SVI.

Multicenter Analysis of Acute Retinal Necrosis: Clinical Characteristics, Viral Pathogens, and Diagnostic Predictive Factors.

Purpose: This multicenter study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and factors associated with specific viral pathogens in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study included ARN patients who underwent aqueous or vitreous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with viral pathogens.

Patient, family member, and health care provider perspective on barriers and facilitators to diabetic retinopathy screening in Thailand: A qualitative study.

Objectives: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) can cause significant visual impairment which can be largely avoided by early detection through proper screening and treatment. People with DR face a number of challenges from early detection to treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate factors that influence DR screening in Thailand and to identify barriers to follow-up compliance from patient, family member, and health care provider (HCP) perspectives.

Real-time diabetic retinopathy screening by deep learning in a multisite national screening programme: a prospective interventional cohort study.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of preventable blindness, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Deep-learning systems have the potential to enhance diabetic retinopathy screenings in these settings, yet prospective studies assessing their usability and performance are scarce.

Methods: We did a prospective interventional cohort study to evaluate the real-world performance and feasibility of deploying a deep-learning system into the health-care system of Thailand.

Deep Learning to Detect OCT-derived Diabetic Macular Edema from Color Retinal Photographs: A Multicenter Validation Study.

Purpose: To validate the generalizability of a deep learning system (DLS) that detects diabetic macular edema (DME) from 2-dimensional color fundus photographs (CFP), for which the reference standard for retinal thickness and fluid presence is derived from 3-dimensional OCT.

Design: Retrospective validation of a DLS across international datasets.

Participants: Paired CFP and OCT of patients from diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programs or retina clinics.

Longitudinal Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Nationwide Screening Program: Comparing Deep Learning and Human Graders.

Objective: To evaluate diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening via deep learning (DL) and trained human graders (HG) in a longitudinal cohort, as case spectrum shifts based on treatment referral and new-onset DR.

Methods: We randomly selected patients with diabetes screened twice, two years apart within a nationwide screening program. The reference standard was established via adjudication by retina specialists.

Predicting optical coherence tomography-derived diabetic macular edema grades from fundus photographs using deep learning.

Center-involved diabetic macular edema (ci-DME) is a major cause of vision loss. Although the gold standard for diagnosis involves 3D imaging, 2D imaging by fundus photography is usually used in screening settings, resulting in high false-positive and false-negative calls. To address this, we train a deep learning model to predict ci-DME from fundus photographs, with an ROC-AUC of 0.

Correction to: High incidence of invasive fungal infection during acute myeloid leukemia treatment in a resource-limited country: clinical risk factors and treatment outcomes.

Incorrect family name of Warissara Jutidamrongphan.

High incidence of invasive fungal infection during acute myeloid leukemia treatment in a resource-limited country: clinical risk factors and treatment outcomes.

Background: Invasive fungal infection (IFI) causes high morbidity and mortality during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. Interventions to prevent fungal infection, including air filtration systems and antifungal prophylaxis, may improve outcomes in this group of patients. However, they are expensive and therefore inapplicable in resource-limited countries.