Characterization and expression analysis of transcription factors in unveil their critical roles in salt stress resistance.

Introduction: Transcription factors (TFs) are essential regulators of gene expression, orchestrating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stress. , a halophytic species renowned for its exceptional salt resistance, provides an ideal model for investigating the regulatory mechanisms underlying salt tolerance.

Methods: Here, we present a comprehensive genome-wide identification and characterization of TFs in .

One-time double-layer placement of controlled-release urea enhances wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency and mitigates NO emissions.

Simultaneously enhancing the crop yield and reducing nitrous oxide (NO) emissions presents a critical challenge in sustainable agriculture. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is a key strategy to enhance crop yield. However, conventional N application practices often lead to excessive soil N accumulation, insufficient crop N uptake and elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Direct and indirect ecological drivers of bird communities in intensively cultivated landscapes.

Agriculture has played a pivotal role in shaping European mountain biodiversity. Traditional practices, characterized by low intensity and crop mosaics, have historically created complex, heterogeneous landscapes that supported a high biodiversity level. Agricultural intensification has turned these traditional crop systems into artificial habitats, leading to increased field sizes, habitat fragmentation, and decrease of habitat heterogeneity, contributing to the current farmland biodiversity crisis.

Genetic design of soybean hosts and bradyrhizobial endosymbionts reduces NO emissions from soybean rhizosphere.

Soybeans fix atmospheric N through symbiosis with rhizobia. The relationship between rhizobia and soybeans, particularly those with high nitrous oxide (NO)-reducing (NOR) activities, can be leveraged to reduce NO emissions from agricultural soils. However, inoculating soybeans with these rhizobia under field conditions often fails because of the competition from indigenous rhizobia that possess low or no NOR activity.

Nitrogen-Driven Orchestration of Lateral Root Development: Molecular Mechanisms and Systemic Integration.

N, as plants' most essential nutrient, profoundly shapes root system architecture (RSA), with LRs being preferentially regulated. This review synthesizes the intricate molecular mechanisms underpinning N sensing, signaling, and its integration into developmental pathways governing LR initiation, primordium formation, emergence, and elongation. We delve deeply into the roles of specific transporters (NRT1.

Effect of Takadiastase on the Extraction of Biotin from Plant-Based Foods.

This study aimed to evaluate the extraction of biotin from plant-based foods using takadiastase in combination with autoclave- or ultrasound-assisted extraction. In cereals, vegetables, and mushrooms, autoclave-assisted enzymatic extraction obtained higher analytical values compared with autoclave-assisted extraction. However, in legumes and nuts, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction obtained higher biotin content compared with either autoclave- or ultrasound-assisted extraction.

OSNRT1.1B-OSCNGC14/16-CA-OSNLP3 Pathway: Phosphorylation-Mediated Maintenance of Nitrogen Homeostasis.

Nitrate, a crucial nutrient and signaling molecule, is extensively studied across plants. While the NRT1.1-NLP-centered pathway dominates nitrate signaling in Arabidopsis and rice, however, whether there is functional interaction or co-regulation between the primary nitrate response (PNR) and long-term nitrogen utilization remains unclear.

The LsBAHD3-LsAAE3 Module Catalyses Biosynthesis of β-N-Oxalyl-L-α,β-Diaminopropionic Acid in Lathyrus sativus and Pisum sativum.

The neuroactive β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) was first identified in Lathyrus sativus and present also in several Chinese traditional herbs including Panax notoginseng. It exhibit toxicological effects as the causative agent of neurolathyrism when L. sativus was over-consumed under drought-triggered famines or pharmacological effects including neuroprotection and wound healing.

Sugars Integrate External and Internal Signals in Regulating Shoot Branching.

Plant phenotypes exhibit high plasticity, with shoot branching as a prime example and a key factor influencing yield in many species. The availability of photosynthates is a critical determinant of shoot branching (or tillering in monocots). Carbohydrates, primarily in the form of sucrose, are synthesised in actively photosynthetic leaves (sources) and transported to non-photosynthetic tissues (sinks), such as tiller buds.

Seed phenotype and maturity groups as determinants of protein, oil, and fatty acid composition patterns in diverse soybean germplasm.

Soybean seed physical characteristics are crucial for quality assessment, but the link between these characteristics and biochemical composition across different maturity groups (MGs) remains unclear. This study examined the relationships between seed physical characteristics (color and weight) and biochemical constituents, including oil content (OC), protein content (PC), and fatty acid (FA) composition in 191 diverse soybean accessions across eight MGs (0-VII) at three locations over two years. The results indicated that black-seeded accessions demonstrated a notably higher average of PC (47.

A novel genetic framework reveals transcriptional "butterfly effect" underlying heterosis in maize.

Introduction: Maize is one of the first crops to benefit from heterosis, significantly enhancing commercial breeding. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms of heterosis remain elusive.

Objectives: This study integrates a novel genetic framework with transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses to identify heterosis-related genes and uncover their regulatory mechanisms.

Rice Heat Stress Response: Physiological Changes and Molecular Regulatory Network Research Progress.

Global climate change has markedly increased the frequency of heat stress events in rice, severely threatening both yield and grain quality and posing a substantial challenge to global food security. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in rice is therefore essential to facilitate the breeding of thermotolerant cultivars. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of heat stress on rice agronomic traits across various developmental stages.

Large-scale genomic deletion in activates immune responses and confers resistance to rice bacterial blight.

Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are invaluable for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death (PCD) and plant immunity and identifying more LMMs expands our understanding of these complex processes. In this study, we characterized a novel rice LMM, , identified through heavy-ion beam irradiation. The mutant exhibits reddish-brown lesions from the tillering stage, reduced plant height, grain size, and fertility.

Functional conservation and divergence of the WOX gene family in regulating meristem activity: From Arabidopsis to crops.

Meristems contain a population of stem cells with the potential to generate all postembryonic plant organs. Given the significance of meristems for plant growth and development, manipulating meristem activity is a promising approach for crop improvement. Members of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) gene family are key regulators of nearly all types of meristems.

Repeated chip analysis for reducing the effect of genotyping errors on gene mapping for two recombinant inbred line populations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Genotypic data has been applied in multiple research fields, such as molecular biology, genetics, and breeding. However, due to various reasons, genotyping data inevitably contains a certain percentage of errors, which affects the reliability of gene localization. This study conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for some yield related and disease resistant traits, using repeated genotyping data of two wheat RIL populations derived from Yangxiaomai × Zhongyou 9507 and Jingshuang 16 × Bainong 64, and non-erroneous data consisting of consistent genotypes between the two replications.

Metabolic regulation of vitexin-like compound accumulation during mung bean (Vigna radiata) seed development.

Background: Mung bean has a long history as a legume used for both food and medicine, and contains biologically active substances such as vitexin, so it is critical to study the molecular mechanism of vitexin synthesis and metabolism in mung bean for biofortification. In this study, four mung bean varieties (LL655, SH-1, ZL-5, and ZL-13) with different seed coat colors were chosen to study the dynamic change patterns of the content of vitexin-like compounds and the key genes of their anabolic pathways during mung bean seed development, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated to reveal the nutritious profiles of mung bean seeds during development.

Results: Results showed that the contents of both vitexin and isovitexin gradually increased with seed maturation, with vitexin being the most abundant characteristic phenolics.

Genome-wide characterization and adaptive evolution of favorable gibberellin 2-oxidase alleles contributing to wheat agronomic traits.

Introduction: Gibberellins are essential phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development. Gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) deactivate bioactive gibberellin isoforms and many GA2ox genes have been validated as key regulators of agronomic traits in model plants and crops. However, there are few studies on GA2ox genes in wheat, one of the most important staple crops.

Duckweed Evolution: from Land back to Water.

Terrestialization is an important evolutionary process that plants experienced. However, little is known about how land plants acquired aquatic growth behaviors. Here we integrate multiproxy evidence to elucidate the evolution of the aquatic plant duckweed.

The impact of carbon-ion beam irradiation on the phenotypic and molecular variation of wheat.

Background: Heavy ion beam irradiation is a potent mutagenic technique for developing new germplasm resources and breeding novel plant varieties. However, the biological effects and molecular variations caused by different dosages of heavy ion beam irradiation in crops are still not well understood.

Results: In this study, we investigated the biological effects and molecular variations in the M generation of wheat, along with extensive phenotype screening in the M generation, to thoroughly assess the mutagenic impact of carbon-ion beam irradiation.

Metabolomic insights into the function and nutritional quality of special rice.

The global demand for nutrient-rich functional rice is rapidly increasing. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying the high-nutrient functionality of special rice remain inadequately understood. In this study, we developed 26 novel special rice accessions.