One-time double-layer placement of controlled-release urea enhances wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency and mitigates NO emissions.

Simultaneously enhancing the crop yield and reducing nitrous oxide (NO) emissions presents a critical challenge in sustainable agriculture. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is a key strategy to enhance crop yield. However, conventional N application practices often lead to excessive soil N accumulation, insufficient crop N uptake and elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Microbial Symbiosis in Lepidoptera: Analyzing the Gut Microbiota for Sustainable Pest Management.

Recent advances in microbiome studies have deepened our understanding of endosymbionts and gut-associated microbiota in host biology. Of those, lepidopteran systems in particular harbor a complex and diverse microbiome with various microbial taxa that are stable and transmitted between larval and adult stages, and others that are transient and context-dependent. We highlight key microorganisms-including , , , , , , , , , and -that play critical roles in microbial ecology, biotechnology, and microbiome studies.

Evaluating the risk factors for Lubinus SP II femoral stem fractures: A case series of 5 primary total hip arthroplasty patients with a mean follow-up of 7.5 years.

The reported rate of femoral stem fracture after total hip arthroplasty (THA) varies between less than 0.1 and 3.4%.

Ameliorating effect of veratric acid against mercury-induced neurologic deficit and reproductive toxicity in female rats.

The aim of this investigation was to explore the potential effects of veratric acid on central nervous and reproductive toxicity caused by mercuric chloride in female rats. Six mercury-exposed female rats in each group were separately treated with 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg of veratric acid.

End-of-Life Trajectories Among Hospitalized Muslim Patients: Evolving from Aggressive to Comfort-Focused Care Across ICU, Post-ICU, and Ward Settings.

BackgroundMuslim patients have historically received aggressive end-of-life care, though palliative acceptance is growing. The factors that influence ICU (aggressive) vs ward (comfort-focused) deaths remain unclear, limiting value-concordant care.PurposeTo examine end-of-life care patterns and predictors of ICU vs ward death among Muslim patients, to guide culturally sensitive care.

Acute, sub-acute and developmental toxicity studies of molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers in rats, as per OECD guidelines.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effects of Molybdenum disulfide nano-flowers (MoS NF), which have been suggested as a chemotherapeutic agent, but lack previous toxicity studies.

Methods: Acute, sub-acute and developmental toxicity studies were conducted following OECD guidelines 425, 407 and 414, respectively.

Results: In the acute toxicity study, female Wistar rats received logarithmic doses (1.

A tetrahydropyrimidine derivative demonstrates neuroprotection against ketamine-induced schizophrenia through moderating oxidative and inflammatory markers.

Schizophrenia impacts individuals' cognition, perceptions, behavior and memory and influences almost 1-1.5% of the global population. It is a psychotic disorder possibly caused by high levels of immunostimulants as well as oxygen-derived free radicals in the blood and CSF.

Postbiotics and Parabiotics: A Viable Health Promoting Alternative for Poultry Industry-A Comprehensive Review.

The poultry industry is under tremendous pressure to improve avian health and performance while reducing antibiotic dispensation due to concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance and food safety. In this scenario, postbiotics and parabiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to traditional feed additives. Postbiotics are bioactive substances generated subsequent to probiotic fermentation, encompassing microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, peptides, and cell wall fragments, which provide various health advantages.

A Comprehensive Theoretical Study of Anti-Epileptic Drug Design: DFT, TD-DFT, and Molecular Docking Approach.

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that affects around 50 million people globally. To cure this disorder, different antiepileptic drugs have been studied via computational approaches.

Methods: Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-density functional theory (TDDFT) are employed to investigate the optoelectronic, photodynamic, and structural properties of antiepileptic drugs (EP1-EP5).

Advances in Pathogen Detection: From Traditional Methods to Nanotechnology, Biosensing and AI Integration.

The rapid and precise detection of pathogenic microbes plays a critical role in the successful diagnosis, management, and containment of infectious diseases. In this review article, we systematically examine the latest technological progress in methodologies for identifying disease-causing microorganisms. These methods are categorized into six major approaches: traditional culture-based techniques, immunological assays, molecular biological methods, metabolic profiling, spectroscopic technologies, and emerging nanotechnology-driven innovations.

Lactobacillus gallinarum improves broiler performance by enhancing antioxidant capacity and regulating intestinal microbiota.

The predominant objective in large-scale poultry farming has consistently been to enhance broiler. In this context, the supplementing of probiotics, specifically Lactobacilli, has emerged as a promising strategy to improve production efficiency. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Lactobacilli could modulate intestinal microbiota.

Unconventional optical response of time-domain Fibonacci quasicrystals.

We investigate the propagation and localization of light waves in the time-domain Fibonacci quasicrystals (FQCs), which are constructed following the Fibonacci sequence generation rule. We demonstrate the transmission of amplified optical waves through FQCs. The reflectivity of FQCs displays unusual behavior since the reflection band may repeatedly flip and amplify for the alternating sequences.

Potential candidate genes influencing meat production phenotypic traits in sheep: a review.

This review examines the genetic basis of meat production phenotypic traits in sheep, addressing the challenge of enhancing carcass and meat quality to meet global demand. The article identifies key potential genes associated with vertebral traits, body size, muscle development, and fat deposition across diverse sheep breeds worldwide. Through comprehensive analysis of recent literature (2018-2025), the study synthesizes findings from genome-wide association studies, candidate gene approaches, and transcriptomic analyses.

Transcriptional variation of meat quality marker genes in different age and sex groups of Balkhi breed sheep.

In the present study, the effects of age and sex on the expression of meat quality marker genes such as the FASN (Fatty Acid Synthase), C/EBPα (CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha), PLIN1 (Perilipin-1), PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma), and SIRT1 (Sirtuin1) were explored. The total RNA was extracted, the cDNA library was constructed, and mRNA was quantified through qRT-PCR from the samples of young and mature sheep of male and female Balkhi breeds. Moreover, the correlation of expression levels of these genes with body and measurement traits was also explored in Balkhi sheep.

Population-scale cross-sectional observational study for AI-powered TB screening on one million CXRs.

Traditional tuberculosis (TB) screening involves radiologists manually reviewing chest X-rays (CXR), which is time-consuming, error-prone, and limited by workforce shortages. Our AI model, AIRIS-TB (AI Radiology In Screening TB), aims to address these challenges by automating the reporting of all X-rays without any findings. AIRIS-TB was evaluated on over one million CXRs, achieving an AUC of 98.

Axially Chlorinated Carbon Nanodots for Hypoxia-Tolerant Neutrophil-Mimicking Photoenzymatic Cascade Therapy against Postoperative Tumor Recurrence.

Neutrophil-mediated enzymatic cascades are critical for pathogen defense and tumor cell eradication. However, mimicking and activating such cascades in therapeutic settings are challenged by the lack of efficient catalytic carriers and the limited availability of superoxide anions (O) within tumors and their microenvironments. Here, we report the facile synthesis of axially chlorinated single-atom iron/nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (Cl-FeNCDs) via a one-step solvothermal method.

The impact of comorbidities on the prognosis of patients with septic arthritis.

Septic arthritis is a serious infection that can lead to joint destruction, sepsis, and high mortality rates, particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbid conditions. Comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease can complicate the diagnosis, treatment, and overall prognosis of the disease. These conditions may impair immune function, delay diagnosis, and hinder effective antimicrobial therapy, thereby increasing the risk of severe complications and poor outcomes.

Effects of dietary starch and protein contents on lactation performance, blood metabolites and methane production of Nili Ravi buffaloes.

Objective: Imbalanced feeding of protein and energy in ruminants coupled with increasing concerns over low production efficiencies and high livestock emissions intensify the feeding challenges, especially in buffaloes. This study was planned to evaluate the independent or interactive effects of dietary starch and crude protein (CP) on lactation performance, blood metabolites, and methane production of dairy buffaloes.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen lactating multiparous Nili Ravi buffaloes received the following dietary treatments of low (LS) or high starch (HS) content combined with low (LP) or high protein (HP) content in a 4 × 4 Latin square design: 1) LSLP, 2) LSHP, 3) HSLP, and 4) HSHP.

Plant Microbiomes Alleviate Abiotic Stress-Associated Damage in Crops and Enhance Climate-Resilient Agriculture.

Plant microbiomes, composed of a diverse array of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, and microalgae, are critical to plant health and resilience, playing key roles in nutrient cycling, stress mitigation, and disease resistance. Climate change is expected to intensify various abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, temperature extremes, nutrient deficiencies, and heavy metal toxicity. Plant-associated microbiomes have emerged as a promising natural solution to help mitigate these stresses and enhance agricultural resilience.

Micro- and Nanoengineered Devices for Rapid Chemotaxonomic Profiling of Medicinal Plants.

Chemotaxonomic profiling based on secondary metabolites offers a reliable approach for identifying and authenticating medicinal plants, addressing limitations associated with traditional morphological and genetic methods. Recent advances in microfluidics and nanoengineered technologies-including lab-on-a-chip systems as well as nano-enabled optical and electrochemical sensors-enable the rapid, accurate, and portable detection of key metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics. Integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques further enhances the analytical capabilities of these technologies, enabling automated, precise plant identification in field-based applications.

UrduSER: A comprehensive dataset for speech emotion recognition in Urdu language.

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is a rapidly evolving field of research that aims to identify and categorize emotional states through speech signal analysis. As SER holds considerable socio¬cultural and business significance, researchers are increasingly exploring machine learning and deep learning techniques to advance this technology. A well-suited dataset is a crucial resource for SER studies in a specific language.

Exploring the antitumor effects of Pd(II) complexes with nitrogen donor ligands towards breast carcinoma.

Pd(II)-containing complexes exhibit considerable potential as therapeutic agents against cancer owing to their proficiency in selectively targeting neoplastic cells compared to cisplatin. In this context, we describe the synthesis of square planar palladium complexes of the general formula [Pd(L)] from imino-amido-based asymmetrical (NN) proligands (HL) and characterized based on melting point, CHN analysis, spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR), and ESI-MS. DFT computations are employed to elucidate the characteristics of the frontier orbitals and MEP analysis.

Active Immunization Against Inhibin Impaired Spermatogenesis, Plasma Luteinizing Hormone, Pituitary Prolactin mRNA, and Hypothalamic Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide mRNA Expressions in Yangzhou Ganders.

Inhibin (INH) plays a key role in the regulation of the reproductive performance of geese. It inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland to regulate spermatogenesis. Immunization against INH in male geese leads to the production of antibodies to neutralize the INH activity that enhances testicular function and gonadotropin production.

Advancements in Stem Cell Applications for Livestock Research: A Review.

Stem cells (SCs), distinguished by their capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, represent a cornerstone of regenerative medicine. These cells, which can be categorized according to their differentiation potential and developmental origin, have emerged as pivotal elements in both biomedical research and veterinary science. In herbivorous species, stem cell applications have yielded particularly promising advances across multiple domains, including reproductive biotechnology, tissue engineering and regeneration, therapeutic interventions, and immunomodulation.