Microbial Symbiosis in Lepidoptera: Analyzing the Gut Microbiota for Sustainable Pest Management.

Recent advances in microbiome studies have deepened our understanding of endosymbionts and gut-associated microbiota in host biology. Of those, lepidopteran systems in particular harbor a complex and diverse microbiome with various microbial taxa that are stable and transmitted between larval and adult stages, and others that are transient and context-dependent. We highlight key microorganisms-including , , , , , , , , , and -that play critical roles in microbial ecology, biotechnology, and microbiome studies.

Systemic resistance induced in tomato plants by Beauveria bassiana-derived proteins against tomato yellow leaf curl virus and aphid Myzus persicae.

Background: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop around the globe. Tomato yellow leaf curling (TYLC) is the most devastating viral disease posing a serious threat to tomato production throughout the tropical and subtropical world.

Infection Dynamics of Fingerprinting in Buffalo and Cattle of Punjab Province, Pakistan.

produces core virulence factors that are responsible for causing hemorrhagic abomasitis and enterotoxemia making food, animals, and humans susceptible to its infection. In this study, was isolated from necropsied intestinal content of buffalo and cattle belonging to four major bovine-producing regions in the Punjab Province of Pakistan for the purpose offind out the genetic variation. Out of total 160 bovine samples (: 160), thirty-three (: 33) isolates of were obtained from buffalo () and cattle () that were further subjected to biochemical tests; 16S rRNA based identification and toxinotyping was done using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and PFGE (Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis) pulsotypesfor genetic diversity.

In Vitro Analysis of TGF-β Signaling Modulation of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages in Porcine Circovirus Type 2b Infection.

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been recognized as an immunosuppressive pathogen. However, the crosstalk between this virus and its host cells in related signaling pathways remains poorly understood. In this study, the expression profiles of 84 genes involved in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway were probed in PCV2b-infected primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) by using an RT profiler PCR array system.

Occurrence and Toxicogenetic Profiling of in Buffalo and Cattle: An Update from Pakistan.

is a Gram-positive bacterium that possess seven toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) that are responsible for the production of six major toxins, i.e., α, β, ε, ι, , and .

Evaluation and Optimization of Antibiotics Resistance Profile against from Buffalo and Cattle in Pakistan.

is a serious threat to successful bovine farming. It causes severe damage to the buffalo and cattle health causing a drastic reduction in milk and meat production. In Pakistan, is a constant threat, and for its management, antibiotics are mostly used.