Disentangling consequences of self-perceived weight from excess adiposity in metabolically healthy overweight/obesity.

Background: Greater self-perceived weight is detrimental to cardiometabolic health among people with overweight/obesity. However, it is impractical to test and unknown whether weight-related psychosocial factors, like self-perceived weight, independently affect cardiometabolic health apart from physiological dysregulation produced by excess adiposity among people with overweight/obesity. Metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOv/Ob) involves overweight/obesity, but with the absence of metabolic dysfunction.

Prolonged exposure to food odors suppresses feeding via an olfactory bulb-to-hypothalamus circuit.

Olfactory perception of food odors is a key determinant of eating behavior, including triggering appetite, facilitating food seeking and influencing food choice. While transient food-related olfactory cues stimulate appetite and provoke cravings in states of hunger, emerging evidence implies that prolonged and sustained exposure to food-derived odor (FO) suppresses feeding. However, the mechanisms by which olfaction induces hypophagia remain elusive.

Cognitive predictors of everyday functioning in women with HIV: findings from the women's interagency HIV study.

Background: As the number of older people with HIV is expected to grow and experience age-related cognitive declines, concerns mount that such existing cognitive impairments may become exacerbated in already cognitively vulnerable subgroups such as women with HIV. These cognitive impairments can develop into everyday functional impairment in either basic or instrumental activities of daily living.

Methods: In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we examined the association between objective cognitive test performance and the self-rated Lawton and Brody scale of Independent Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in 754 older (50+) women with HIV (WWH; 84% virally suppressed).

A predictive endocrine resistance index accurately stratifies luminal breast cancer treatment responders and non-responders.

Background: Endocrine therapy (ET) with tamoxifen (TAM) or aromatase inhibitors (AI) is highly effective against hormone receptor (HR) positive early breast cancer (BC), but resistance remains a major challenge. The primary objectives of our study were to understand the underlying mechanisms of primary resistance and to identify potential biomarkers.

Methods: We selected >800 patients in three sub-cohorts (Discovery, N=364, matched pairs), Validation 1, N=270, Validation 2, N= 176) of the West German Study Group (WSG) Adjuvant Dynamic marker-Adjusted Personalized Therapy (ADAPT) trial who underwent short-term pre-operative TAM or AI treatment.

Tau PET positivity in individuals with and without cognitive impairment varies with age, amyloid-β status, APOE genotype and sex.

Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows in vivo detection of tau proteinopathy in Alzheimer's disease, which is associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Understanding how demographic, clinical and genetic factors relate to tau PET positivity will facilitate its use for clinical practice and research. Here we conducted an analysis of 42 cohorts worldwide (N = 12,048), including 7,394 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants, 2,177 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 2,477 participants with dementia.

Psychometric properties and validity of the Tamil version of the dyadic adjustment scale for married couples.

Given the wide gap in cultural values and practices between Indian and Western cultural contexts, there is a need for culturally validated measurement instruments in couple and family relationships for use in India. To that end, the current study aimed to translate the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) into Tamil and examine its psychometric properties and validity in a sample of married couples from India. Using standard dyadic design-data were collected from both husbands and wives-this study involved 340 married heterosexual couples (N = 680) in India.

The association between exclusive breastfeeding and quality of care and maternal factors in a tertiary maternity hospital in Finland: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Mothers' perceptions of high-quality hospital care may improve breastfeeding outcomes, yet postnatal care in hospitals is often rated poorly by mothers, highlighting the need to focus on the quality and maternal perceptions of care, not just its provision. Fewer women exclusively breastfeed than intend to. The aim was to examine the association between exclusive breastfeeding, quality of care, and maternal factors based on maternal reports.

Understanding barriers and facilitators to doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis adherence among young women in western kenya: a qualitative study.

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates are high globally, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, where there is also a disproportionate burden of HIV. Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP) is a novel strategy intended to prevent bacterial STIs following potential exposure. The dPEP Kenya Study, the first trial of doxyPEP for STI prevention among cisgender women, found that doxyPEP did not reduce STIs in the setting of low use of doxyPEP by objective drug concentrations.

Overweight, Obesity, and Lifestyle Behaviors in Immigrants and Native Children in Madrid-ASOMAD Study.

: Overweight and obesity (OW/OB) in immigrant children is a complex multifactorial issue. This work aims to present the OW/OB profile and lifestyle habits of immigrant children and compare them with their native counterparts. : A cross-sectional study (ASOMAD) was conducted in a representative sample of children aged 8-12 years in Madrid from 2020 to 2023.

Developing and sustaining inclusive language in biomedical informatics communications: an AMIA Board of Directors endorsed paper on the Inclusive Language and Context Style Guidelines.

Objectives: In 2023, AMIA's Inclusive Language and Context Style Guidelines (the "Guidelines") were approved by the Board of Directors and made a publicly available resource. This work began in 2021 through AMIA's DEI Task Force and subsequent DEI Committee; many members provided input, feedback, and time to create the Guidelines. In this paper, the authors provide a transparent account of the origin, development, contents, and dissemination of the Guidelines and share plans for their future development and use.

Mammography Screening Among Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Quantitative Analysis of the Role of Health Care Empowerment.

As women living with HIV (WWH) age, screening for common comorbid conditions is increasingly important. However, gaps exist in how best to support mammography adherence among WWH. To examine relationships between health care empowerment (HCE) and mammography adherence, we analyzed data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study.

Cluster analysis identifies three clinical patterns of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases and anti-Ku antibodies.

Objective: To determine distinct patterns of patients with autoimmune diseases harbouring anti-Ku antibodies and their respective prognosis.

Methods: Anti-Ku-positive patients were retrieved through four immunology departments. Clusters were derived from unsupervised multiple correspondence analysis, not including the disease's diagnosis, followed by hierarchical clustering.

Standardized training assessment of residents in obstetrics and gynecology on entrustable professional activities.

Background: Entrustable professional activity (EPA) presents trainees' tasks or responsibilities which are entrusted to the unsupervised execution once they have attained sufficient specific competence. EPAs evaluation emphasize the integrity of medical behavior, directly reflecting the clinical ability of trainees and reflect the trust of trainers. Compared with other evalution method, EPAs evaluation is more close to clinical practice and can better reflect clinical competence.

Antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms in early pregnancy and offspring allergic diseases during toddlerhood.

Background: While maternal psychological stress during mid-to-late pregnancy has been linked to offspring allergies, the impact of early pregnancy distress remains unclear. This study investigates the association between maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms in early pregnancy and allergic diseases in offspring.

Methods: Based on a birth cohort of 5263 children, antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms in early pregnancy were assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, respectively.

Subcortical correlates of consciousness with human single neuron recordings.

Subcortical brain structures such as the subthalamic nucleus or the thalamus are involved in regulating motor and cognitive behavior. However, their contribution to perceptual consciousness remains unclear, due to the inherent difficulties of recording subcortical neuronal activity in humans. Here, we asked neurological patients undergoing surgery for deep brain stimulation to detect weak vibrotactile stimuli applied on their hand while recording single neuron activity from the tip of a microelectrode.

Genome-wide association study of long COVID.

Infections can lead to persistent symptoms and diseases such as shingles after varicella zoster or rheumatic fever after streptococcal infections. Similarly, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection can result in long coronavirus disease (COVID), typically manifesting as fatigue, pulmonary symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. The biological mechanisms behind long COVID remain unclear.

Closing-the-loop: a novel care coordination tool to reduce maternal healthcare utilization postpartum and collaboratively build interventions to address community needs.

Background: In August 2020, Sarasota Memorial Health Care System (Sarasota Memorial) invested in Unite Us, a closed-loop referral platform, to address obstetric (OB) patients' non-medical needs. The platform was used to electronically refer patients delivering at Sarasota Memorial who screened positive for these needs to a local network of community-based organizations.

Methods: A pre-post intervention study with a quasi-experimental, 1:1 matched design was used to measure the impact of implementing a technology-enabled care coordination platform on postpartum health care utilization.

Meditation in the third-person perspective modulates minimal self and heartbeat-evoked potentials.

Experienced meditation practitioners often report altered states of their sense of self, including decentering and distancing the self from the body and one's current concerns. Altered states of the sense of self, such as disembodiment and distancing of the self from the body, have also been induced experimentally using virtual reality (VR) and linked neurally to heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs). Whereas studies investigated the related neural correlates of such decentering during meditation, none experimentally modulated the sense of self during meditation practice using VR nor determined the potentially associated behavioral changes of the sense of self.

Profiles of maternal feeding practices and their associations with parent feeding styles, child diet quality, and the home food environment.

Parent feeding practices influence child diet, yet studies have primarily examined these practices individually. This study examines latent profiles of parent feeding practices and tests their relations with feeding styles, child diet quality, and the home food environment. Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ, comprised of 12 subscales) assessed feeding practices in 118 parent-child dyads in North Carolina, U.

Understanding the association of longitudinal body mass index patterns in children and their parents: A data-driven study from the TARGet Kids! cohort.

Background: Obesity remains a persistent global health issue across generations. Targeting family-level factors may help improve child and adolescent body mass index (BMI) outcomes. While associations between parental and offspring BMI are well-documented, the temporal patterns and risk factors driving these relationships remain unclear.

Uncovering key factors in weight loss effectiveness through machine learning.

Background/objectives: One of the main challenges in weight loss is the dramatic interindividual variability in response to treatment. We aim to systematically identify factors relevant to weight loss effectiveness using machine learning (ML).

Subjects/methods: We studied 1810 participants in the ONTIME program, which is based on cognitive-behavioral therapy for obesity (CBT-OB).

Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease are associated with deficits in social perception.

BackgroundMost structured visual hallucinations (VH) in Parkinson's disease (PD) involve animate-social objects, yet current theories fail to account for the prominent social component of VH in PD.ObjectiveTo study social perception in PD patients with VH in a behavioral task and its relationship with social traits such as perceived social isolation and anthropomorphism (tendency to ascribe human-like characteristics to non-human stimuli).MethodsIn this online web-based study, 28 PD with visual hallucinations (PD-VH), 55 PD patients without hallucinations (PD-nH), and 45 age-matched healthy controls (HC) performed a visual social task (human numerosity estimation), a control task, and filled an anthropomorphism and a loneliness questionnaire.

Low-Intensity Social Care and Child Acute Health Care Utilization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Social care could be sustained with savings resulting from reduced acute health care utilization.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of CommunityRx, a low-intensity, high-scale social care assistance intervention.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This double-blind randomized clinical trial took place from November 2020 through August 2023 at an urban children's hospital with 12-month follow-up.

Progression of Atrophy as a Function of ABCA4 Variants and Age of Onset in Stargardt Disease.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the natural course of the retinal atrophy growth rate in patients with Stargardt disease (STGD1) with particular mutations in ABCA4, which may be eligible for mutation-specific therapy.

Methods: Fundus autofluorescence images (Heidelberg Spectralis) were gathered from 221 patients (436 eyes) in two centers: Radboud UMC and Ghent University Hospital. The area of definitely decreased autofluorescence and total decreased autofluorescence was measured using the Heidelberg RegionFinder software tool.