Aqueous exposure to a pyrethroid pesticide results in behavioural effects in early life stage sturgeon.

The presence of chemical contaminants in freshwater systems poses a threat to many aquatic organisms, and understanding the extent and nature of this threat can facilitate conservation management actions. Sturgeon are considered threatened worldwide and they differ in many important ways from other fishes. Two sturgeon species, green sturgeon () and white sturgeon (), are found in California and utilize anthropogenically impacted freshwater habitats of the Central Valley.

Exploring disparities and drivers of contraceptive use among Syrian refugee youth: evidence from a mixed-methods study in Jordan.

Background: Access to sexual and reproductive health services is an explicit element of the Sustainable Development Goals, and is critical for achieving family planning goals and broader well-being of young people. Youth (15-24 years) face many barriers to accessible, quality services, and refugees often experience additional barriers due to physical, economic, legal and/or social exclusion. This study explored these barriers in the context of Jordan, a country that has one of the highest proportions of refugees globally.

Cyberbullying, mental health, and substance use experimentation among early adolescents: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Although cyberbullying has been linked with adverse health outcomes, most prior studies have been cross-sectional, and there are limited large-scale, prospective analyses examining cyberbullying and mental health and substance use outcomes in early adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine prospective associations between cyberbullying, mental health, and substance use experimentation one year later in a US national cohort of early adolescents (11-12 years old).

Methods: We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (Year 2, N = 9799).

Trends and predictions to 2030 in demographic structures and metabolic health for children and adolescents in China: analysis of national school health surveys from 2000 to 2019.

Background: Understanding the changing metabolic health burden among children and adolescents is crucial for current and future public health resource allocation in China, particularly given rapid population ageing. We aimed to estimate trends in the metabolic burden in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2000 to 2030, using overweight, obesity, and hypertension as proxy indicators.

Methods: We extracted age, sex, height, weight, and blood pressure data for Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 years, as recorded in five cycles of the Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health in the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019.

The Batalogue: an overview of betacoronaviruses with future pandemic potential.

The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic has intensified interest in the global diversity of RNA viruses and their ability to jump hosts, with a notable expansion in the number of known betacoronaviruses in wild mammalian species, particularly bats. This has enabled vaccine development research to shift its focus to include a range of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 related viruses from animal species, with the intention of developing broadly protective coronavirus vaccines and therapeutics. However, there is currently a lack of synthesis of this expanding knowledge base of viruses with potential to cause another severe disease outbreak.

Can social protection contribute to social connectedness in contexts of forced displacement and crisis? Lessons from Jordan's labelled cash transfer for education.

Social protection programming can help address gender- and lifecycle-specific vulnerabilities, particularly in humanitarian contexts. Although adolescents are disproportionately affected by crises, there remains limited evidence about how such programming can mitigate risks they face, including social isolation. This article explores how a 'cash-plus' social protection response enhances refugee adolescents' social connectedness and contributes to broader social cohesion and sustainable peace.

Endurance swimming performance and physiology of juvenile Green Sturgeon () at different temperatures.

Sturgeon are threatened by anthropogenic changes to river systems, including entrainment or impingement at water diversions (i.e. the unwanted passage of fish through a water intake or physical contact with a barrier screen, likely caused by high intake velocities).

Understanding progress and challenges in women's health and wellbeing in exemplar countries: a time-series study identifying positive outliers.

Background: Women's health and wellbeing (WHW) forms a multidimensional continuum across the life course, with intersecting power dynamics including socioeconomic and ethnic positioning. The WHW Exemplars project uses robust quantitative approaches to identify best-performing low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in improving WHW across the entire life course.

Methods: Using the life course approach, we created a list of 32 cross-sectional indicators belonging to nine dimensions based on a conceptual framework to assess progress in WHW.

Trends and inequalities in thinness and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents: evidence from seven national school surveys between 1985 and 2019.

Background: There are little recent data in China regarding contemporary nutritional inequities among children and adolescents, particularly in relation to urban-rural residence and regional socioeconomic status (SES). We aim to assess inequalities in thinness and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods: Weight and height measurements for 1 677 261 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years were obtained from seven cycles of the Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health (1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019).

Measuring adolescent girls' agency.

Introduction: The last decade has experienced a surge of interventions focused on improving adolescent girls' agency. Yet measuring adolescent girls' agency continues to be a challenge, limiting the ability to track impact. This study addresses this evidence gap by constructing and validating a multidimensional measure of agency among adolescent girls in Ethiopia.

Accelerating Well-being for Adolescents Through Transformative Public Policy: A Framework for Action.

Purpose: As governments around the world are shaping policy responses to advance adolescent well-being and protect their rights, the tools and resources to strengthen policy foundations, and ultimately improve their effectiveness, remain limited. This paper proposes a framework to support policy action with an explicit adolescent focus and applies it to two illustrative case studies to unpack the underlying policy conditions for success.

Methods: We develop an analytic framework with an adolescent lens that focuses on the full policy life-course, from development, to implementation, to evaluation.

Effects of acclimation temperature and feed restriction on the metabolic performance of green sturgeon.

Green sturgeon () are an anadromous threatened species of sturgeon found along the Pacific coast of North America. The southern distinct population segment only spawns in the Sacramento River and is exposed to water temperatures kept artificially cold for the conservation and management of winter-run Chinook salmon (). Past research has demonstrated costs of cold-water rearing including reduced growth rates, condition and survivorship of juvenile green sturgeon.

Understanding associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: findings from a mixed-methods longitudinal study.

Objective: To understand the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and menstrual hygiene management (MHM) among adolescent girls in Ethiopia and to explore which girls were most affected by pandemic disruptions.

Design: Two rounds of data from surveys and interviews were collected with adolescent girls immediately prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary analysis is cross-sectional, controlling for pre-COVID-19 covariates.

Adolescent Social Outcomes Declined During COVID-19: Evidence From Bangladesh, Jordan, And Ethiopia.

Although adolescents have been less susceptible to COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality than older people, the social containment policies put in place to curb the disease constrained their ability to thrive. This study explored changes in adolescent outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among vulnerable adolescents, focusing on education, economic participation, early marriage, self-reported health, and food security. We investigated the role of governmental and nongovernmental cash and food aid in mitigating negative effects.

Agency and role models: do they matter for adolescent girls' sexual and reproductive health?

Despite recent declines in early childbearing in Ethiopia, improved sexual and reproductive health continues to elude many adolescent girls, partially due to constrained agency and role models. This study examined the relationship between agency, role models and two sexual and reproductive health outcomes, ideal age at childbirth and attitude towards gender-differentiated parental control, among adolescent girls in Ethiopia. Agency and role model presence were positively associated with ideal age at childbirth (β = 0.

Polyvictimization and Adolescent Health and Well-Being in Ethiopia: The Mediating Role of Resilience.

Interpersonal violence is a pervasive experience affecting one billion children and adolescents annually, resulting in adverse health and well-being outcomes. Evidence suggests that polyvictimization, the experience of multiple forms of violence, is associated with more harmful consequences for adolescents than experiencing individual types of violence, although data from low-and middle-income countries are limited. This study analyzed data on over 4100 adolescents from the Gender and Adolescence, Global Evidence Study in Ethiopia to examine the association between polyvictimization and adolescent mental and physical health and the mediating role of resilience using linear regression and path analysis.

A unique cytotoxic CD4 T cell-signature defines critical COVID-19.

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a spectrum of clinical disease presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. While neutralising antibody (NAb) responses correlate with protection against symptomatic and severe infection, the contribution of the T-cell response to disease resolution or progression is still unclear. As newly emerging variants of concern have the capacity to partially escape NAb responses, defining the contribution of individual T-cell subsets to disease outcome is imperative to inform the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines.

Adolescent support club attendance and self-efficacy associated with HIV treatment outcomes in Tanzania.

HIV treatment outcomes may be improved by ameliorating psychosocial challenges adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) face. This analysis describes participation in existing facility-based adolescent clubs and the associations between club attendance, adolescent well-being and HIV treatment outcomes. Data were collected through interviews with a sub-sample of adolescents age 10-19 years and medical record abstraction of all adolescents attending HIV services at seven clinics in Tanzania.

Creating a better post-pandemic future for adolescents with disabilities.

Adolescents with disabilities must have their needs prioritised in recovery and future pandemic responses to improve health, educational, and social outcomes, argue

COVID-19 and the gendered impacts on adolescent wellbeing: Evidence from a cross-sectional study of locally adapted measures in Ethiopia, Jordan, and Palestine.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated policy responses have interrupted services, increased financial stress, and driven social isolation, with acute impacts for adolescents. This study explores relationships between gender, COVID-19 vulnerability, social protection, and adolescent wellbeing in three diverse contexts: Ethiopia, Jordan, and Palestine.

Methods: This study presents findings from a quantitative phone survey with adolescents in Ethiopia, Jordan, and Palestine ( = 5752) on household-level vulnerability to COVID-19-related shocks, household-level social protection (cash transfers or food aid), and locally adapted outcome measures designed to capture the gendered impacts of COVID-19 (collected between November 22, 2020 and February 25, 2021).