The Grief Navigation Trial: A multi-site pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial of two interventions to support parents after their child's unexpected or traumatic death.

Background: In the US, ~60,000 people <25 years old die annually. Forty-five percent of pediatric deaths occur traumatically, and the parents' or caregivers' (hereafter 'parents') sole contact with the healthcare system is often the coroner or medical examiner (ME). Parents experience mental and physical health problems following their child's death.

Low-Intensity Social Care and Child Acute Health Care Utilization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Social care could be sustained with savings resulting from reduced acute health care utilization.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of CommunityRx, a low-intensity, high-scale social care assistance intervention.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This double-blind randomized clinical trial took place from November 2020 through August 2023 at an urban children's hospital with 12-month follow-up.

Caring for dementia caregivers: How well does social risk screening reflect unmet needs?

Background: Unmet social and caregiving needs can make caregiving for a person with dementia more difficult. Although national policy encourages adoption of systematic screening for health-related social risks (HRSRs) in clinical settings, the accuracy of these risk-based screening tools for detecting unmet social needs is unknown.

Methods: We used baseline data from dementia caregivers (N = 343) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial evaluating CommunityRx-Dementia, a social care intervention conducted on Chicago's South Side.

Evaluation of daily eating patterns on overall diet quality using decision tree analyses.

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that meal timing is associated with higher quality diets. Less is known about whether types of food consumed during specific eating episodes (i.e.

Food Insecurity and Community-Based Food Resources Among Caregivers of Hospitalized Children.

Objective: Children's hospitals are implementing interventions to connect families to community-based resources. This study describes food insecurity (FI) and food resource knowledge, need, and use among families with a hospitalized child.

Methods: Between November 2020 and June 2022, 637 caregivers of hospitalized children in an urban 42-ZIP-code area were surveyed as part of a randomized controlled trial.

Food Insecurity and Experiences of Discrimination Among Caregivers of Hospitalized Children.

Background And Objectives: Pediatric hospitals are adopting strategies to address food insecurity (FI), a stigmatizing condition, among families with children. We hypothesized that parents and other caregivers ("caregivers") from households with FI or marginal food security (MFS) are more likely to experience discrimination during their child's hospitalization.

Methods: We analyzed data from 319 caregivers of children admitted to an urban, academic children's hospital and randomly assigned to the control arm of the double-blind randomized controlled CommunityRx-Hunger trial (November 2020 to June 2022, NCT R01MD012630).

Effect of a Social Care Intervention on Health Care Experiences of Caregivers of Hospitalized Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Health-related social risks (HRSRs), like food and housing insecurity, are stigmatized conditions that, when addressed in clinical settings, could inadvertently compromise health care experiences.

Objective: To test the noninferiority hypothesis that a low-intensity, high-scale social care intervention does not promote experiences of discrimination or diminish satisfaction with care compared to usual care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted from November 2020 to June 2022 with 12-month follow-up analyzing data obtained 1 week after baseline intervention at a 155-bed academic urban children's hospital with 5300 annual admissions.

CommunityRx, a social care assistance intervention for family and friend caregivers delivered at the point of care: two concurrent blinded randomized controlled trials.

Background: CommunityRx is an evidence-based social care intervention delivered to family and friend caregivers ("caregivers") at the point of healthcare to address health-related social risks (HRSRs). Two CommunityRx randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are being fielded concurrently on Chicago's South Side, a predominantly African American/Black community. CommunityRx-Hunger is a double-blind RCT enrolling caregivers of hospitalized children.

Perceived Appropriateness of Assessing for Health-related Socioeconomic Risks Among Adult Patients with Cancer.

Unlabelled: Cancer treatment can trigger or exacerbate health-related socioeconomic risks (HRSR; food/housing insecurity, transportation/utilities difficulties, and interpersonal violence). The American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute recommend HRSR screening and referral, but little research has examined the perceptions of patients with cancer on the appropriateness of HRSR screening in healthcare settings. We examined whether HRSR status, desire for assistance with HRSRs, and sociodemographic and health care-related factors were associated with perceived appropriateness of HRSR screening in health care settings and comfort with HRSR documentation in electronic health records (EHR).

Two concurrent randomized controlled trials of CommunityRx, a social care intervention for family and friend caregivers delivered at the point of care.

Background: CommunityRx is an evidence-based social care intervention delivered to family and friend caregivers ("caregivers") at the point of healthcare to address health-related social risks (HRSRs). CommunityRx-Hunger is a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) that enrolls caregivers of hospitalized children. CommunityRx-Dementia is a single-blind RCT that enrolls caregivers of community-residing people with dementia.

Unwanted sexual activity among United States women early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Female sexual activity and, accordingly, birth rates tend to decline in times of stress, such as a pandemic. In addition, when resources are scarce or exogenous conditions are threatening, some women may engage in sexual activity primarily to maintain socioeconomic security. Having unwanted sex may indicate sexual activity in exchange for economic security.

Caregiving in a Pandemic: Health-Related Socioeconomic Vulnerabilities Among Women Caregivers Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: Family and friends who provide regular care for a sick or dependent individual ("caregivers") are at increased risk of health-related socioeconomic vulnerabilities (HRSVs). This study examined pre-pandemic prevalence of and early pandemic changes in HRSVs among women caregivers compared with non-caregivers.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2020 (early pandemic) with 3,200 English-speaking US women aged 18 years or older, 30% of whom identified as caregivers.

Feed1st, No Questions Asked: How a Hospital-Based Food Pantry Program Grew Its Impact During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Feed1st, a no-questions-asked, self-serve food pantry program at a Chicago, Illinois, medical center, increased its impact during the COVID-19 pandemic, adding five new pantries and distributing 124% more food in March 2020 to November 2021 (42 970 pounds or 36 000 meals) than in the same period of 2018 to 2019 (19 220 pounds or 16 000 meals). Of 11 locations, distribution was highest in a phlebotomy waiting area and a cafeteria pantry. The community-engaged model enabled Feed1st to increase food access for patients, caregivers, and workers during the pandemic.

Building and experimenting with an agent-based model to study the population-level impact of CommunityRx, a clinic-based community resource referral intervention.

CommunityRx (CRx), an information technology intervention, provides patients with a personalized list of healthful community resources (HealtheRx). In repeated clinical studies, nearly half of those who received clinical "doses" of the HealtheRx shared their information with others ("social doses"). Clinical trial design cannot fully capture the impact of information diffusion, which can act as a force multiplier for the intervention.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health-Related Socioeconomic Risks During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey of U.S. Women.

Nearly half of U.S. women experienced new or worsening health-related socioeconomic risks (HRSRs) (food, housing, utilities and transportation difficulties, and interpersonal violence) early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19-Related Food Insecurity Among Households with Dietary Restrictions: A National Survey.

Background: Food insecurity dramatically increased because of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about pandemic-related food insecurity in households with dietary restrictions.

Objective: To examine pre-pandemic rates of and pandemic-related change in food insecurity among households with and without dietary restrictions.

Methods: A cross-sectional, panel-based survey of 3200 U.

Change in Health-Related Socioeconomic Risk Factors and Mental Health During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey of U.S. Women.

During a pandemic, women may be especially vulnerable to secondary health problems driven by its social and economic effects. We examined the relationship between changes in health-related socioeconomic risks (HRSRs) and mental health. A cross-sectional survey of 3,200 women aged 18-90 years was conducted in April 2020 using a quota-based sample from a national panel (88% cooperation rate).

Effects of 2 Forms of Practice Facilitation on Cardiovascular Prevention in Primary Care: A Practice-randomized, Comparative Effectiveness Trial.

Background: Effective quality improvement (QI) strategies are needed for small practices.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare practice facilitation implementing point-of-care (POC) QI strategies alone versus facilitation implementing point-of-care plus population management (POC+PM) strategies on preventive cardiovascular care.

Design: Two arm, practice-randomized, comparative effectiveness study.

Implementation of Systematic Community Resource Referrals at Small Primary Care Practices to Promote Cardiovascular Disease Self-Management.

Quality improvement (QI) models and evidence-based self-management guidelines for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk require patients to access community resources. The purpose of this study is to describe outcomes from implementation of a community resource referral system into small clinical practices to reduce CVD risk. Practices were given the opportunity to complete an inventory of local CVD-related resources; these data were used to create a printed list of resources for patients ("HealtheRx-H3").

Impact of a Low-Intensity Resource Referral Intervention on Patients' Knowledge, Beliefs, and Use of Community Resources: Results from the CommunityRx Trial.

Background: Connecting patients to community-based resources is now a cornerstone of modern healthcare that supports self-management of health. The mechanisms that link resource information to behavior change, however, remain poorly understood.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of CommunityRx, an automated, low-intensity resource referral intervention, on patients' knowledge, beliefs, and use of community resources.

CommunityRx: A Real-World Controlled Clinical Trial of a Scalable, Low-Intensity Community Resource Referral Intervention.

Objectives: To test the effect of CommunityRx, a scalable, low-intensity intervention that matches patients to community resources, on mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) (primary outcome), physical HRQOL, and confidence in finding resources.

Methods: A real-world trial assigned publicly insured residents of Chicago, Illinois, aged 45 to 74 years to an intervention (n = 209) or control (n = 202) group by alternating calendar week, December 2015 to August 2016. Intervention group participants received usual care and an electronic medical record-generated, personalized list of community resources.

Sexuality and Cognitive Status: A U.S. Nationally Representative Study of Home-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: To determine patterns and prevalence of sexual behavior, problems, and attitudes in individuals with different cognitive status.

Design: We used data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project to describe the relationship between sexual behavior, function, and cognitive status (normal, mild cognitive impairment, dementia), classified using an adapted Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (0-30 points).

Setting: U.

Police-Recorded Crime and Disparities in Obesity and Blood Pressure Status in Chicago.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between several types of police-recorded crime (violent, nonviolent, and homicide) and cardiometabolic health (obesity and elevated blood pressure [BP]), and to determine if associations were modified by age and sex.

Methods And Results: We analyzed cross-sectional data (N=14 799 patients) from 3 primary care clinics at an academic medical center in Chicago, IL. Patient-level health data were obtained from the electronic health record (June 1, 2014-May 31, 2015), including body mass index and BP, and linked to the City of Chicago Police Data Portal.