Modulation of gut microbiota through physical activity in individuals with obesity-a systematic review.

Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) has been associated with gut dysbiosis, changes in gastrointestinal motility and sedentary behavior, contributing to metabolic and inflammatory alterations. This systematic review aims to assess the evidence supporting the influence of physical activity and exercise on gut microbiota composition and diversity in OW/OB and was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Scopus databases. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ROBINS-I for non-RCT, and JBI Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies.

Food choices, microstructure of ingestive behavior and sensory perceptions after bariatric surgery in women: A cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: Results regarding the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on food choices are inconsistent between studies based on self-reported questionnaires, and those using direct measurements. Moreover, the determinants of the modifications of food choices after BS, if any, are still poorly understood. This study compared food choices, food liking, microstructure of ingestive behavior and sensory perceptions between women who had BS in the last 18 months (BS group, n = 19; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) and women with BMI ≥35 kg m (OB group, n = 17) in ecological conditions and explored the associations of food choices with sensory perceptions and food liking.

Protocol for a feasibility and acceptability study for UK general population paediatric type 1 diabetes screening-the EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes (ELSA) study.

Aim: The EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune (ELSA) study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of UK paediatric general population screening for type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We aim to screen 20,000 children aged 3-13 years for islet-specific autoantibodies through dried blood spot sample collection at home, hospital or community settings. Children with two or more autoantibodies are offered metabolic staging via oral glucose challenge testing.

Aligned and oblique dynamics in recurrent neural networks.

The relation between neural activity and behaviorally relevant variables is at the heart of neuroscience research. When strong, this relation is termed a neural representation. There is increasing evidence, however, for partial dissociations between activity in an area and relevant external variables.

The Modifying Effects of Lifestyle Behaviors on the Association Between Drinking Water Micronutrients and BMI Status Among Children and Adolescents Aged 7~17: A Population-Based Regional Surveillance in 2022.

Background: This study aims to investigate the potential modifying effects of lifestyle behavior on the association between drinking water micronutrients and body mass index (BMI) in a large population of children and adolescents.

Methods: Data of the present analysis came from a comprehensive regional large-scale surveillance study in 2022, involving 172,880 children and adolescents (50.71% boys vs.

Provision of medication and procedural abortion among Massachusetts obstetrician-gynecologists.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to understand the rates of first-trimester medication and procedural abortion provision, sufficiency in abortion training, and factors associated with abortion provision among obstetrician-gynecologists (OB/GYNs) in Massachusetts.

Study Design: Electronically fielded surveys of a census of OB/GYNs in Massachusetts in 2021 queried physicians on abortion provision, training, practice type, and demographics. Using weighting to account for nonresponse, we generated estimates of the proportion of OB/GYNS providing abortion and used multivariate regression analysis to explore factors associated with abortion provision including practice type, physician sex, and sufficient abortion training.

Increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity in female mice impairs ovarian steroidogenesis: The role of elevated leptin signalling on nodal activity inhibition in theca cells.

Objectives: Susceptibility to obesity in humans is driven by the intricate interplay of genetic, environmental and behavioural factors. Moreover, the mechanisms linking maternal obesity to infertility remain largely understudied. In this study, we investigated how variable susceptibility to obesity in mice affects ovarian steroidogenesis, with a particular focus on the leptin-mediated dysregulation of Nodal signalling pathway in theca cells (TC).

Comparing a Model of Augmented Postpartum Primary Care to Usual Care in an Urban Medical Center.

Background: The US faces a maternal health crisis and struggles to deliver recommended postpartum care. In some populations, less than half of mothers attend a postpartum visit.

Objective: To determine if a two-generation (Two-Gen) model of interdisciplinary, postpartum primary care was associated with increased visit attendance for postpartum care, primary care, and behavioral health.

Continuous Glucose Monitor Metrics That Predict Neonatal Adiposity in Early and Later Pregnancy Are Higher in Obesity Despite Macronutrient-Controlled Eucaloric Diets.

Background: Fasting glucose is higher in pregnancies with obesity (OB); less is known about postprandial (PP) and nocturnal patterns when the diet is eucaloric and fixed or about the continuous-glucose-monitor (CGM) metrics that predict neonatal adiposity (NB%fat). We hypothesized that continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) would reveal higher glycemia in OB vs. normal weight (NW) during (14-16 weeks) and (26-28 weeks) gestation despite macronutrient-controlled eucaloric diets and elucidate unique predictors of NB%fat.

Gait Training of Healthy Older Adults in a Sitting Position using the Wearable Robot to Assist Arm-swing Rhythm, WALK-MATE ROBOT.

Although various walking training robots have been developed and their effectiveness has been recognised, operating these robots requires the implementation of safety measures to avoid the risk of falling. This study aimed to confirm whether arm swing rhythm training in the sitting position using an arm swing rhythm-assisted robot, WMR, improved subsequent walking. Healthy older adults (N = 20) performed arm swing rhythm training in a sitting position for 1 min three times while being presented with tactile stimulation synchronised with the arm swing rhythm from a robot.

The Value of Androgen Measures for Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in an Unselected Population.

Objective: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is diagnosed by a combination of three features: hyperandrogenism (biochemical and/or clinical), ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology, usually detected by ultrasonography. Our study aimed to determine the need for androgen measurements by using hirsutism to establish hyperandrogenism for diagnosing PCOS in a medically unbiased population.

Materials And Methods: We utilized a pre-existing cohort of unselected (medically unbiased) females aged 18-45 years.

Helps to Reduce the Duration of Bleeding in Breastfed Infants with Allergic Proctocolitis.

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy in infants. The current standard of care (SOC) involves eliminating the allergen from both the infant's and mother's diet for 2-4 weeks. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of (Ramnoflor) in reducing the duration of bleeding in these infants.

The Effect of Implicit Bias on the OB/GYN Residency Application Process.

Medical students from racially minoritized backgrounds receive negative evaluations more frequently, possibly from implicit bias. To determine if a preference for White applicants over Asian and Black applicants exists among resident and attending reviewers of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residency applications. In 2021, we sampled academic OB/GYN physicians from 6 academic institutions to randomly receive questionnaire form A or B, each containing 4 contrived Electronic Residency Application Service profiles stratified by United States Medical Licensing Examination scores; institutions attended; and strength of recommendation letters into top-, mid-, and low-tiers.

Robust optogenetic inhibition with red-light-sensitive anion-conducting channelrhodopsins.

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated ion channels widely used to optically activate or silence selected electrogenic cells, such as individual brain neurons. Here, we describe identifying and characterizing a set of anion-conducting ChRs (ACRs) from diverse taxa and representing various branches of the ChR phylogenetic tree. The ACR (MsACR1) showed high sensitivity to yellow-green light ( at 555 nm) and was further engineered for optogenetic applications.

Olaparib as maintenance therapy in non resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma associated with homologous recombination deficiency profile: A French retrospective multicentric AGEO real-world study.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis. The POLO trial showed that olaparib (PARP inhibitor) improved progression-free survival (PFS) but not overall survival (OS), when used as maintenance therapy after ≥ 16 weeks of disease control with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with germline (g) BRCA 1 or 2 pathogenic variants (PV) metastatic PDAC. However, real-world data on the effectiveness of olaparib are missing.

Dietary amino acids, macronutrients, vaginal birth, and breastfeeding are associated with the vaginal microbiome in early pregnancy.

Unlabelled: The vaginal microbiome is a key player in the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth. This study aimed to illustrate maternal environmental factors associated with vaginal microbiota composition and function in pregnancy. Women in healthy pregnancy had vaginal microbial sampling from the posterior vaginal fornix performed at 16 weeks gestation.

Mapping the patient journey and treatment patterns in early-stage (stage I-III) non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: We map the patient journey from symptom onset to intervention and describe primary treatment in a retrospective population-based cohort study of patients in a large healthcare-provider.

Methods: Newly diagnosed adult patients diagnosed with stages I-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2016 and 2019 were identified from the Israel National Cancer Registry and chart review was performed to extract de-identified data. The following timelines were constructed: from symptom onset to imaging, imaging to biopsy, and biopsy to primary treatment initiation.

Exploring the adsorption behavior of O-containing VOCs in human breath on a BN monolayer using DFT simulations.

We conducted a DFT study of the BN monolayer pairing with the O-containing volatile organic compounds (O-containing VOCs) in exhaled breath, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and formaldehyde. The most stable configuration of O-containing VOCs on the BN sheet is also considered and compared with the adsorbed HO on the desired monolayer. The adsorption energy when both water and O-containing VOC molecules are present shows that the O-containing VOC molecules can be effectively adsorbed on the surface of BN while maintaining stability in the presence of water molecules.

Virtual Obstetric Emergency Simulations: Enhancing Knowledge, Skills, and Confidence of Emergency Medicine and Obstetric Professionals.

Between 2008 and 2016, 23% of pregnancy-related deaths in Ohio occurred in an emergency department (ED) or outpatient setting. Prior research showed that 98% of Ohio's delivery hospitals conduct obstetric (OB) emergency simulations, whereas only 30% include ED staff. The goal of the grant was to increase the knowledge, skill, and self-efficacy of emergency medicine (EM) professionals in managing OB emergencies.

Women's preferences for genetic screening in routine care: A qualitative study.

Objective: Examine decision-making regarding when women would prefer to receive reproductive carrier and cancer predisposition screening and from what clinician.

Methods: 20 women completed in-depth interviews via Zoom exploring their views on the provision of reproductive carrier and cancer predisposition screening. Our analysis identified themes related to what informs women's preferences for when they would like to receive a genetic screening offer and by which clinician.

Utilization of a Postpartum Fasting Blood Glucose to Predict Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

The Endocrine Society recommends a postpartum fasting blood glucose (FBG) be performed for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prior to hospital discharge to screen for ongoing hyperglycemia. There are limited data, however, on whether an FBG can screen for glucose intolerance and if it correlates with the gold standard 4- to 12-week 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Our objective was to evaluate if FBG correlates with the gold standard 2-hour OGTT.