Urinary organs-at-risk for radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy: contouring guidelines on behalf of the Francophone Group of Urological Radiation Therapy (GFRU).

Purpose: Urinary toxicity following radical prostatectomy (RP) and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) includes urinary incontinence and vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA) strictures. With the increasing use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), dose-escalation, and reirradiation within the prostate bed (PB), standardization of the definition of urinary organs at risk (OARs) in the post-RP setting is needed. This works aims to provide a comprehensive review of the anatomical and physiopathological changes occurring after RP, as well as to provide a consensus on urinary OARs delineation for prostate cancer (PCa) EBRT in the post-RP setting.

Translational Supramolecular Thioorthoester Chemistry.

Supramolecular chemistry promises that insights into contact between molecules will open up new directions to approach significant questions in science and society. In this spirit, Kraus et al. report the translation of fundamentally new dynamic covalent thioorthoester chemistry into metal-scavenging porous network materials and sulfur-rich, leakage-free cathode composites in lithium batteries (https://doi.

Angiopausin® and Angiopoietin: Unveiling New Mechanisms in Rosacea Treatment through Kinetic Erythema Analysis with the AAREA® Algorithm.

Introduction: Non-transient erythema (NTE) is a major feature of rosacea, but its clinical evaluation is subject to human investigator variability. The angiopoietin-TIE2 receptor tyrosine kinase pathway plays a key role in regulating vascular homeostasis, but was previously overlooked as a target for rosacea therapy. Angiopausin® is a patented plant-based ingredient identified through a molecular phytotherapy screening program as a positive inducer of the angiopoietin-TIE2 pathway, which is the "gatekeeper of vascular quiescence.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Automated Design of Anterior and Posterior Crowns Under Diverse Occlusal Scenarios.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of occlusion type and artificial intelligence-based computer-aided design (CAD) software on the geometric accuracy and clinical quality of auto-generated anterior and posterior crown designs.

Methods: Five typodont models representing various occlusion types (normal, Class I anterior diastema, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III anterior crossbite occlusion) underwent crown preparation for the maxillary right central incisor and first molar. Ten sets of intraoral scans were obtained from each prepared model, and crown designs were automatically generated using two software programs: deep learning-based (DL; Dentbird) and conventional automated (CA; Auto Workflow, 3Shape) (n = 10).

ChatGPT's performance in sample size estimation: a preliminary study on the capabilities of artificial intelligence.

Background: Artificial intelligence tools, including large language models such as ChatGPT, are increasingly integrated into clinical and primary care research. However, their ability to assist with specialized statistical tasks, such as sample size estimation, remains largely unexplored.

Methods: We evaluated the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT-4.

Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Nutritional Habits among Schoolchildren Aged 11-15 Years in Albania.

Objective: Healthy nutritional habits during childhood promote healthy growth and development and foster psycho-emotional wellbeing. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of selected nutritional habits among Albanian schoolchildren.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Albania in 2022, in the framework of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey, including a nationwide representative sample of 5,454 schoolchildren aged 11-15 years (≈52% girls; ≈96% response).

The psychological impact of the disclosure of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease on informal caregivers.

Introduction: Receiving an Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis can be a distressing experience, for both the individual with the condition and the family. This cross-sectional study explored whether the disclosure of AD diagnosis generated post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) in caregivers and how this affected their psychological well-being.

Methods: Seventy-nine caregivers completed the Impact of Event Scale to assess any PTSSs related to the memory of AD disclosure and clinical scales to assess current psychological distress.

Complexity of neural outputs elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Complex neural activity of the motor cortex is posited to serve as the foundation for a large repertoire of activation patterns crucial for executing movements. As transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) predominantly activates monosynaptic fast-conducting corticospinal projections, which are involved in dexterous movement control, complexity of neural outputs elicited by TMS may reflect an underlying repertoire of activation patterns crucial for executing dexterous movements. We proposed to quantify dimensionality of multi-muscle motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) through dimensionality reduction as an integrated measure to reflect complexity of neural outputs elicited by TMS.

Evaluation of a Sensitive Visual Read Algorithm for Assessing 3R/4R Tau PET Images.

Developing and validating sensitive visual read algorithms for assessing Alzheimer disease-related tau in tau PET imaging is imperative, considering the implementation of the methodology in clinical practice and trials. Our aim was to compare 2 visual read algorithms for tau PET images to semiquantitative measurements and plasma phospho-tau 217 (p-tau217) status. In total, 1,654 participants were consecutively recruited from secondary memory clinics in southern Sweden as part of the prospective BioFINDER-2 cohort study (May 2017-September 2023).

Determinants and relationships of climate change, climate change hazards, mental health, and well-being: a systematic review.

Introduction: Impacts of climate change on human health receive increasing attention. However, the connections of climate change with well-being and mental health are still poorly understood.

Objective: As part of the Horizon Europe project TRIGGER, we aim to deepen the understanding of the relationships between climate change and human mental health and well-being in Europe by focusing on environmental and socio-individual determinants.

A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour.

A key challenge in neuroscience is understanding how neurons in hundreds of interconnected brain regions integrate sensory inputs with previous expectations to initiate movements and make decisions. It is difficult to meet this challenge if different laboratories apply different analyses to different recordings in different regions during different behaviours. Here we report a comprehensive set of recordings from 621,733 neurons recorded with 699 Neuropixels probes across 139 mice in 12 laboratories.

Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making.

The neural representations of prior information about the state of the world are poorly understood. Here, to investigate them, we examined brain-wide Neuropixels recordings and widefield calcium imaging collected by the International Brain Laboratory. Mice were trained to indicate the location of a visual grating stimulus, which appeared on the left or right with a prior probability alternating between 0.

In situ metabolomics reveals intra-islet metabolite changes upon in vivo stimulation of insulin secretion.

Upon glucose stimulation, metabolic pathways of pancreatic beta-cells promptly adapt metabolite levels inducing insulin secretion fine-tuned by mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Although well described in vitro, these responses cannot yet be captured in vivo due to the intrinsic nature of the islets scattered throughout the pancreas. Tested first in vitro, glutamate precursor glutamine enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without eliciting oxidative catabolism, as opposed to glucose.

The current report on drug development focuses on "The new dimension" of cancer hallmarks.

Cancer remains a significant global challenge, affecting millions, but progress has been made in understanding its development and advancement. The discovery of cancer drugs focuses on identifying "new dimension" hallmarks of cancer, such as phenotypic plasticity, senescence, polymorphic microbiota, and non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming. These elements are crucial in tumor development and treatment.

A Later Stone Age quartz knapping workshop and fireplace dated to the Early Holocene in Senegal: The Ravin Blanc X site (RBX).

Well-dated and well-preserved Later Stone Age sites are unfortunately scarce in West Africa. The few known ones exhibit significant typo-technical variability, reflecting diverse socio-cultural behaviors that remain poorly understood. The Ravin Blanc X (RBX) site in eastern Senegal provides new insights into this period.

Excess volume addition method improves human resource efficiency and environmental sustainability of cytotoxic drug preparations.

IntroductionThe increasing incidence of cancer entails a rising burden of cytotoxic drugs preparation. To improve the preparation process of cytotoxic drugs, specially designed half-filled bags with overfill capacity were manufactured and used in clinical routine. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of using such bags on the duration of preparation, human resources, costs and environmental sustainability.

Spatiotemporal subtypes of brain and spinal cord atrophy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are autoimmune demyelinating diseases with overlapping clinical features but distinct patterns of brain and spinal cord atrophy. The precise atrophy subtypes specific to each disease remain elusive. This study aimed to identify shared and distinct atrophy subtypes in NMOSD and MS, using neuroimaging to explore their clinical significance and potential implications for tailored treatment strategies.

Preclinical efficacy of multi-targeting mRNA-based CAR T cell therapy in resection models of glioblastoma.

Traditional viral-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have vanquished multiple blood malignancies with decade-long remissions yet struggle against solid tumors. Nonviral engineering of CAR T cells via electroporation or lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery of CAR-encoding mRNA results in highly efficient yet transient CAR expression, challenging the adequacy of available preclinical models for mRNA-based CAR T cell evaluation. This study presents a unique three-pronged approach that combines mRNA-based CAR T cells, multi-targeting of glioblastoma (GBM)-associated receptors, and maximal surgical resection as a novel and readily translatable platform for preclinical evaluation of mRNA-based CAR T cells against solid tumors.

Case Report: Intranasal esketamine combined with a form of generative artificial intelligence in the management of treatment-resistant depression.

Introduction: Intranasal Esketamine is an effective rapid-acting antidepressant currently used to treat treatment-resistant depression. Artificial intelligence is another emerging tool in medicine, but little is known about the effectiveness of combining these innovations in psychiatry.

Methods: This case report presents the outcome of a 37-year-old patient who received intranasal Esketamine treatment (84 mg) and utilized artificial intelligence (ChatGPT-4) to generate images and interpretations of his experiences with dissociation.

Treatment approaches for non-metastatic small cell bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of reconstructed Kaplan-Meier curves.

Introduction: Small cell bladder cancer is an aggressive histological subtype and represents one of the most common extra-pulmonary small cell carcinomas. Treatment options include radical cystectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combinations of these three. However, the optimal treatment approach remains unknown.

Human self and Neurosurgery: Advances and insights from Geneva.

Introduction: The preservation of the human self-a fundamental yet underexplored aspect of neurosurgical practice-has gained increasing attention in recent years.

Research Question: How can neural correlates of self-consciousness be identified, monitored, and protected during brain tumor surgery, and how might this reshape the concept of "onco-functional balance"?

Material And Methods: This review synthesizes emerging evidence from neuroimaging, neuropsychology, and intraoperative neurophysiology to build a framework for integrating the concept of self into modern neurosurgical practice.

Results: We describe the anatomical and functional basis of bodily and cognitive self-awareness, highlighting the roles of interoception, multisensory integration, and higher-order cortical networks such as the medial prefrontal cortex, insula and temporoparietal junction.

Automatic labels are as effective as manual labels in digital pathology images classification with deep learning.

The increasing availability of biomedical data is helping to design more robust deep learning (DL) algorithms to analyze biomedical samples. Currently, one of the main limitations to training DL algorithms to perform a specific task is the need for medical experts to manually label the data. Automatic methods to label data exist; however, automatic labels can be noisy, and it is not completely clear in which situations they can be used to train DL models.