Subcutaneous administration of the sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor ABC294640 has no metabolic benefits in high fat diet-induced obesity in male mice.

Aims: Experimental evidence suggests an important role for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its generating enzymes sphingosine kinase 1/2 (SphK1/2) in obesity. We and others have shown that plasma S1P levels are elevated in obese mice and humans. Preclinical studies suggest that genetic SphK2 ablation in mice protects from age- and diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction.

Association of Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Proteomics Biomarkers With Indices of Heart Rate Variability in the General Population: KORA S4/FF4 Study.

Background: We sought to investigate the association between circulating inflammatory and cardiovascular proteomics biomarkers and cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction-sensitive heart rate variability indices.

Methods: Using the population-based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) cohort, 233 proteomics biomarkers were quantified in baseline plasma samples of 1389 individuals using proximity extension assay technology. Five heart rate variability indices (Rényi entropy of the histogram with order [α] 4, total power of the density spectra, SD of word sequence, SD of the short-term normal-to-normal interval variability, compression entropy) were assessed at baseline in 982 individuals and in 407 individuals at baseline and at 14-year follow-up.

Urban pollution impact assessment in six lithuanian cities with a focus on road traffic emissions - integrated framework for environmental health studies.

An integrated framework is introduced and applied to assess the health impact of airborne pollution with greater physiological relevance, moving beyond conventional exposure metrics. Measured particle number size distribution data was integrated with a regional respiratory tract deposition fractions to estimate total and alveolar deposited particle surface area concentrations. Land use regression modeling, combined with randomized commuting patterns, enabled the evaluation of city-specific alveolar surface area deposition doses, providing new insight into localized average exposure and its implications for public health.

Schizophrenia and catatonia: from ICD-10 to ICD-11.

The classification of psychotic disorders has undergone a variety of changes. Since Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum's (Kahlbaum 1874) first descriptions of catatonic states and Emil Kraepelin's (Kraepelin 1883) nosological classification of psychotic syndromes in the second half of the nineteenth century, the diagnostic criteria for these disorders have been repeatedly modified, significantly impacting clinical practice. Eugen Bleuler (Bleuler 1911) coined the term "schizophrenia", emphasizing the disturbances in thinking, feeling and acting that he had observed.

Determinants and relationships of climate change, climate change hazards, mental health, and well-being: a systematic review.

Introduction: Impacts of climate change on human health receive increasing attention. However, the connections of climate change with well-being and mental health are still poorly understood.

Objective: As part of the Horizon Europe project TRIGGER, we aim to deepen the understanding of the relationships between climate change and human mental health and well-being in Europe by focusing on environmental and socio-individual determinants.

Creativity in Olympic Bouldering: Exploring the Role of Climbing Level and Route Previewing.

In sports, creativity refers to the ability to make decisions that are original and unexpected, yet effective. Given the limited research on climbers' creativity and its underlying mechanisms, this study explored the role of climbing level and route previewing on climbers' creativity and their ability to find creative climbing solutions. Twenty-eight climbers (14 advanced and 14 elite) were tasked with climbing an Olympic boulder that offered two climbing options: an easily identifiable option beyond their climbing levels, and a creative option that, though less identifiable, was feasible for both groups.

The Noor Project: fair transformer transfer learning for autism spectrum disorder recognition from speech.

Early detection is crucial for managing incurable disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Unfortunately, a considerable number of individuals with ASD receive a late diagnosis or remain undiagnosed. Speech holds a critical role in ASD, as a significant number of affected individuals experience speech impairments or remain non-verbal.

Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and mortality in coronary artery disease.

Background And Aims: Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been associated with cardiovascular risk, but its prognostic relevance and mechanistic role in coronary artery disease (CAD) remains incompletely understood. This study investigated the association between CHIP and all-cause mortality in CAD and explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms, focusing on TET2 mutations.

Methods: Targeted deep sequencing of 13 CHIP driver genes in 8612 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD was performed.

Classifying the AMi-Br Mitotic Figure Dataset with AUCMEDI.

Introduction: Mitotic figure (MF) density has been established as a key biomarker for certain tumors. Recently, the differentiation between atypical MFs (AMF) and normal MFs (NMFs) has gained increased interest in research, as AMFs density could be an independent biomarker. This results in the challenge of finding an automated, deterministic way to differentiate between AMFs and NMFs.

ML Prediction of Recurrence in Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: MET Cohort Analysis Using XGBoost and SHAP.

Context: Pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) often presents with advanced disease but generally has excellent long-term survival. However, recurrence or failure to achieve remission remains relatively frequent, underscoring the need for improved early risk stratification.

Objective: To develop and evaluate an interpretable machine learning model for predicting recurrence or non-remission in pediatric DTC using routine clinical and biochemical variables.

Differential expression of villin and advillin by neuroendocrine and tuft cells in the murine lower airways.

Previous studies identified a rare cell type in the mouse tracheal epithelium with immunoreactivity to the microvillus protein villin (Vil1), which persisted in mice lacking tuft cells due to deletion of the transcription factor Pou2f3. This study aimed to clarify the identity of this ill-defined cell type. Ultrastructurally, all cells with tightly packed microvilli observed in the tracheal epithelium of Pou2f3-mice contained basally located dense core vesicles, a characteristic feature of neuroendocrine cells (NEC).

Title: Medium-Term Lag-Response Associations Between PM Exposure and All-Cause Mortality in Valencia and London: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study.

Background: Air pollution is among the top five environmental risk factors for human health worldwide. However, our understanding of the physiological responses to PM exposure over medium-term lag periods remains limited. This study aims to examine the medium-term lag-response associations-using lagging time windows of up to 21 days-between PM exposure and all-cause mortality in Valencia and London from 2002 to 2006.

Revealing Molecule-Internal Mechanisms that Control Phonon Heat Transport through Single-Molecule Junctions by a Genetic Algorithm.

Measurements of the thermal conductance of single-molecule junctions have recently been reported. It is presently unclear how much the heat transport can be controlled through molecule-internal effects. The search for molecules with lowest and highest thermal conductance is complicated by the gigantic chemical space.

Laparoscopic Robotic Completely Intracorporeal Jejunal Pouch Reconstruction After Gastrectomy: A Single-Center Analysis from Germany.

: Gastric cancer is increasingly being diagnosed at early stages, enabling the application of curative oncological and surgical approaches. With the growing adoption of minimally invasive techniques, robotic surgery is gaining increasing prominence in the operating rooms. As described by Stoyanova et al.

Sex-Specific Prognostic Value of Automated Epicardial Adipose Tissue Quantification on Serial Lung Cancer Screening Chest CT.

Aims: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active fat depot associated with coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) risk. While EAT is a known prognostic marker in lung cancer screening, its sex-specific prognostic value remains unclear. This study investigated sex differences in the prognostic utility of serial EAT measurements on low-dose chest CTs.

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Variant p.K709N Causes Hyper-IgE Syndrome Likely by Impaired STAT3-Dimer Formation.

STAT3-hyper-IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES) is an inborn error of immunity caused by heterozygous dominant-negative mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In this study, we evaluate the functional relevance of a previously undescribed heterozygous STAT3 variant in a patient with clinical findings of STAT3-HIES. Flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, pull-down assays, native PAGE, DNA-binding ELISA, and 3D-structural data analysis were performed.

Rainfall-induced lateral and vertical microplastic transport of varying sizes in agricultural fields.

Agricultural soils, particularly those utilizing plastic products for crop production, are increasingly recognized as sources of microplastics (MPs) to aquatic ecosystems. In this research, we investigate the transport of polyethylene MPs of three different size ranges (53-63 μm, 125-150 μm and 425-500 μm) in an agricultural soil during a plot-based rainfall simulation. Using a combination of fluorescent particles and high-frequency photography, we tracked the number of MPs on the soil surface throughout the rainfall simulation, measured the depth MPs migrated into the soil profile and the number of MPs which were transported in surface runoff.

Determinants of quality of life among lung cancer patients: insights from a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with smoking being a major risk factor. Despite the benefits of smoking cessation, many LC patients continue to smoke, potentially impacting their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to explore factors influencing QoL among LC patients, with a focus on smoking status and mental health.

Skin Lipid-Microbe Interplay Links Staphylococcus hominis to Barrier Control in Adult Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Skin surface lipids and commensal microbes are essential for the epidermal barrier, but their mutual interactions remain poorly understood.

Methods: We conducted high-resolution shotgun lipidomics of tape strips from lesional and non-lesional atopic dermatitis (AD) skin and healthy controls. Lipidomic data were integrated with 16S amplicon sequencing to construct lipid-microbe interaction networks.

Structural and functional connectivity of vestibular graviceptive to sensory and motor circuits.

Processing of vestibular graviceptive signals from the inner ear is essential for spatial perception, bipedal stance, locomotion, and navigation in a three-dimensional world. Acute unilateral ischaemic lesions along the central vestibular pathways lead to deficits of gravitational processing which can be quantified as perceptual tilts of the subjective visual vertical (SVV). For ipsiversive and contraversive directional tilts, dichotomous networks were documented from the brainstem to the thalamus.

The Diagonal Vector (DIVE) Approach for Lumbar Plexus Block - A Comparison with Chayen's Technique.

Purpose: Substantial understanding of anatomic landmarks remains mandatory for regional anesthesia procedures of the lower limbs, even in times of ultrasound-guided techniques. Theoretically, applying a diagonal vector (DIVE) from the posterior superior iliac spine towards the spinous process of lumbar vertebra 3 leads to a higher error tolerance and closer nerve approximation when compared to Chayen's approach. The purpose of this study was to compare both techniques regarding clinical applicability, accuracy and risk profile.

rTMS for the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a review about training courses and materials and the presentation of the training materials of the German Society for Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry.

There is an increasing interest in the treatment of mental disorders such as depression using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Treatment guidelines for the application of rTMS are available, but they focus primarily on scientific evidence for efficacy and tolerability. Other aspects that are relevant for the training of practitioners, such as implementation in the national health system as well as organizational, formal, and practical aspects, are not covered in detail in these guidelines.

Teacher motivation and teaching quality: Situation-specific and process-oriented perspectives.

Background And Aims: Teacher motivation is key to high-quality instruction and positive student outcomes. While its links to teaching and student development are indicated by a series of studies, less is known about the situational processes connecting motivation to teaching behaviours. This special issue addresses this research gap and has the objective to bring together contributions that enable a better understanding of the process-oriented character of teacher motivation, instruction, and their interrelations with student outcomes.

On the multi-causal nature of jumping to conclusions in psychosis.

Background And Objectives: Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is the most widely researched cognitive bias in schizophrenia. Notwithstanding meta-analyses demonstrating a higher level of JTC across the psychosis spectrum, important research questions remain unanswered. First, whether JTC is a primary process or in part an epiphenomenon reflecting contributions of other variables is still unresolved, which may explain why interventions targeting cognitive biases are effective on positive symptoms but less so on reducing JTC.