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Cancer remains a significant global challenge, affecting millions, but progress has been made in understanding its development and advancement. The discovery of cancer drugs focuses on identifying "new dimension" hallmarks of cancer, such as phenotypic plasticity, senescence, polymorphic microbiota, and non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming. These elements are crucial in tumor development and treatment. Recent small molecule anticancer drugs target these characteristics and are currently undergoing preclinical testing, clinical trials, and approval. This review aids in developing strategies for cancer treatment. This review examines pharmacological agents aimed at the new dimension hallmarks of cancer, specifically those that address phenotypic plasticity, such as dedifferentiation, blocked differentiation, and trans-differentiation. Drugs that eliminate senescent cells are categorized as senolytic and senomorphic agents. This review analyzes microbial metabolites that could affect the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, specifically those derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Drugs targeting non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming encompass DNA methylation inhibitors, histone modification modulators, BET inhibitors, and chromatin remodeling complexes. This review contributes to the development and exploration of strategies aimed at overcoming challenges in cancer treatment. This will lead to improved outcomes for patients and a more optimistic future in cancer treatment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2025.149750 | DOI Listing |
J Pathol Transl Med
September 2025
Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
Central nervous system tumors with BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) internal tandem duplications (ITDs) constitute a rare, recently characterized pediatric neoplasm with distinct molecular and histopathological features. To date, 69 cases have been documented in the literature, including our institutional case. These neoplasms predominantly occur in young children, with the cerebellum representing the most frequent anatomical location.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein Pept Lett
September 2025
Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu, China.
Introduction: Dysregulation of mevalonate metabolism is a hallmark of tumorigenesis and therapy resistance across malignancies, though its role in bladder cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate its impact on prognosis and cisplatin chemosensitivity in bladder cancer.
Methods: Transcriptomic data and clinical information of bladder cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.
Cell Rep
September 2025
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (ADSLd) is a rare autosomal recessive purine metabolism disorder with several clinical manifestations. While toxic substrate accumulation is a known hallmark, no additional molecular mechanisms have been established. Here, we show that ADSLd is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including increased fragmentation, impaired respiration, and reduced ATP production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Surg Oncol
September 2025
Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
Purpose: We reviewed recent advancements in the characterization of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN) of the pancreas, with a specific focus on developments in immunohistochemical markers, molecular pathology, and pathogenic mechanisms over the past ten years (2015-2024). Through comprehensive analysis of current literature, we aimed to elucidate the evolving understanding of IOPN's biological behavior and diagnostic features, while identifying potential areas for future research in this distinctive pancreatic neoplasm.
Methods: English-language articles on IOPN were searched from Pubmed from the first report of IOPN of the pancreas in 2015 to 2024.
Cancer Genet
August 2025
National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India. Electronic address:
Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that drive uncontrolled cellular proliferation and survival. This review provides a comprehensive overview of key cancer driver genes, including oncogenes such as KRAS and PIK3CA, as well as tumor suppressor genes like TP53, PTEN, and CDKN2A, highlighting their molecular mechanisms and roles across various types of cancer. Leveraging insights from large-scale cancer genome initiatives and whole-genome sequencing, we examine the landscape of somatic mutations and their association with hallmark cancer pathways, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion.
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