Comprehensive analysis of oncogenic determinants across tumor types via multi-omics integration.

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that drive uncontrolled cellular proliferation and survival. This review provides a comprehensive overview of key cancer driver genes, including oncogenes such as KRAS and PIK3CA, as well as tumor suppressor genes like TP53, PTEN, and CDKN2A, highlighting their molecular mechanisms and roles across various types of cancer. Leveraging insights from large-scale cancer genome initiatives and whole-genome sequencing, we examine the landscape of somatic mutations and their association with hallmark cancer pathways, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion.

Epithelial and mesenchymal progenitor cells in normal and inflamed human lacrimal glands.

Stem/progenitor cells play an important role in tissue repair and regeneration in response to injury and maintain tissue homeostasis. The existence of the progenitor cells within the human lacrimal gland is established, but their distribution and response to tissue injury are unclear. This study investigated progenitor cells' distribution and gene expression in normal and inflamed human lacrimal glands.

Gene expression signature of IKZF1 deleted B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia reveals a unique regulation of MUC4.

The IKAROS (IKZF1) transcription factor regulates the differentiation of pre-B cells to mature B lymphocytes. The loss of IKZF1 expression has been linked with increased matrix adhesion along with increased expression of stemness markers that form a hallmark of B-lymphoblasts. However, the spectrum of differentially regulated genes has not been investigated in detail in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) patients expressing IKZF1 deletion.

Tear Film-Based Diagnostics and Emerging Tissue Engineering Approaches in Personalized Dry Eye Disease Management.

Purpose: The dry eye disease(DED) is caused by many possible factors, manifesting classical symptoms such as irritation, pain, and visual disturbance, which can severely impact the quality of life.  This review aims to critically evaluate currently available point‑of‑care (POC) diagnostic kits for DED, focusing on osmolarity‑based and biomarker‑based assays, while exploring emerging technologies that promise better precision and personalized management.

Methods: A comprehensive literature survey (2010-2025) was undertaken using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify studies assessing DED pathophysiology, tear film biomarkers, and commercially available diagnostic systems.

The Interrelationship Between Andropause Symptoms, Testosterone Levels, and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction This study aimed to assess the prevalence of andropause symptoms and testosterone levels in male patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as well as to explore the relationship between these factors. Methods A total of 183 male patients aged 50 years and older with diagnosed lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to BPH were included. Andropause symptoms were evaluated using the Male Andropause Symptoms Self-Assessment Questionnaire (MASSQ), while testosterone levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay.

Evaluating the potential of travoprost-thymoquinone co-loaded liposomes: a glaucomatous rabbit model study.

Aim: Glaucoma is associated with abnormal IOP elevation leading to irreversible blindness. In this study, we explore the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in combination with travoprost to enhance the treatment efficacy of glaucoma.

Method: Thymoquinone-travoprost co-loaded liposomes (LP-TP-TQ) were formulated using thin-film hydration technique and optimized using BBD.

Multi-environment evaluation and identification of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) genotypes for superior agronomic and nutritional potential in the North-Western Himalayas.

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) is an important underutilized coarse cereal, grown for its excellent nutritional, health value and therapeutic effects. Despite its growing demand, there are limited studies that have focused on its genotypic variability and genotype-environmental interaction (GEI), particularly in the North-Western Himalayas.

Identification of Cembrane Diterpenoids from sp. That Reduce the Viability of Diffuse Pleural Mesothelioma Cell Lines.

Diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) is a rare but aggressive late-onset cancer. A high-throughput screen of a natural product fraction library identified fractions derived from an aqueous extract of sp. soft coral that reduced the viability of DPM cell lines.

Next-generation leukemia diagnostics: Integrating LC-MS/MS proteomics with liquid biopsy platforms.

Diagnosing leukemia often depends on invasive bone marrow biopsies, which can be painful and may fail to detect the early stages of the disease. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive method that analyzes circulating biomarkers in blood, has emerged as a powerful tool for the early detection of leukemia. Among emerging technologies, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enables high-throughput and sensitive profiling of blood-based proteins, thereby creating new opportunities for biomarker discovery.

Reduced Expression of Oestrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta in the Prepuce and Urethral Plate of Hypospadias Patients: A Clinical Study.

Introduction: The human skin is an important oestrogen-responsive organ containing the oestrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. Penile foreskin may have similar properties; therefore, typifying the expression and cellular location of oestrogen receptors ERα and ERβ in hypospadiac and normal foreskin can expand our knowledge of the aetiology of hypospadias.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively analysed foreskin and longitudinally excised tissue of the urethral plate of 52 male patients undergoing hypospadias repair.

Arthroscopic subscapularis-complex release and conjoint tendon transfer in birth brachial plexus injuries: a case series with evidence-based insights.

Purpose: Shoulder deformities and impaired function in individuals with birth brachial plexus injury (BBPI) are often caused by internal rotator (IR) contractures and abductor weakness, which may progress to glenohumeral dysplasia. Although subscapularis-complex release and tendon transfer is a time-tested procedure, there are controversies regarding the appropriate management of shoulder contractures, especially in preschool children. Therefore, this study examines the efficiency of arthroscopically done progressive controlled release of IR contracture combined with tendon transfer.

Radiological and Electrophysiological Correlates of Disease Progression in Patients with Hirayama Disease.

Background And Objectives: To correlate the distribution of neurogenic motor unit potentials in the upper limb (s) and the extent of anterior displacement of the cervical duramater on neck flexion with the progression of weakness/atrophy in Hirayama disease.

Methods: Consecutive patients with distal Hirayama disease were classified as distal group (neurogenic potential in C7-T1 innervated muscles), proximal (neurogenic potentials C5-T1 muscles), and contralateral group (neurogenic potentials in contralateral hand/arm). Based on the extent of anterior dural displacement on neck-flexed cervical magnetic resonance imaging, patients were classified as anterior dural displacement across the C5 vertebra and anterior dural displacement at C5 vertebra and below.

Association Between Hematoma Edema Complex and Outcomes of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: Intracerebral hematoma (ICH) expansion occurs within 24 h, but perihematoma edema (PHE) may increase later due to blood breakdown products, leading to clinical deterioration and poor outcomes. There is a paucity of prospective studies evaluating the role of hematoma edema complex (HEC) and PHE in the death and disability of patients with ICH. We report the association between day 1 and day 7 HEC and PHE and outcomes at 3 months in patients with ICH.

Evaluating the impact of common clinical confounders on performance of deep-learning-based sepsis risk assessment.

Introduction: Early identification of sepsis in the emergency department using machine learning remains a challenging problem, primarily due to the lack of a gold standard for sepsis diagnosis, the heterogeneity in clinical presentations, and the impact of confounding conditions.

Methods: In this work, we present a deep-learning-based predictive model designed to enable early detection of patients at risk of developing sepsis, using data from the first 24 h of admission. The model is based on routine blood test results commonly performed on patients, including CBC (Complete Blood Count), CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel), lipid panels, vital signs, age, and sex.

Thoracoscopic decortication for tubercular empyema in a lung transplant recipient.

Tubercular empyema thoracis is a morbid postoperative complication in lung transplant recipients, which significantly impairs graft function and affects the survival rate. This report describes a case of tubercular empyema thoracis in a 42-year-old female, who underwent bilateral sequential lung transplantation for interstitial lung disease (non-specific interstitial pneumonia). She underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery decortication, a preferred surgical approach due to its minimally invasive nature with excellent success rates.

Malignant Transformation of Tentorial Schwannoma.

Schwannomas are benign tumors derived from Schwann cells, usually seen in the peripheral nervous system. 6.8%-8.

Validation of a novel jugular bulb classification in otology and lateral skull base surgery: a neuro-otologist's perspective.

Objectives: The study aim is to validate the utility and implications of the Manjila jugular bulb classification.

Methods: A retrospective study of 182 patients who underwent lateral skull base or otologic surgery was conducted. Pre-operative temporal bone computed tomography and magnetic resonance imagery scans were reviewed, and the classification was independently applied by a neuroradiologist and neuro-otologist.

microRNA-497-5p-based screening identifies a novel synthetic lethal-type interaction via PKMYT1 and WEE1 in pleural mesothelioma.

Diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) is an incurable surface neoplasm governed by tumor suppressor losses with limited therapeutic options. Despite the advantages of leveraging the tumor suppressive activity of microRNA (miRNA/miR), clinical translation remains limited due to incomplete understanding of their context-specific gene targets. Here, we employed a biotinylated-miRNA pull-down approach to systematically identify direct targets of miR-497-5p, an miRNA markedly downregulated in DPM.

Antibiotic prescribing practices, perceived constraints, and views on antimicrobial resistance among general and orthopedic surgeons in central India.

India has one of the world's highest burdens of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Broad-spectrum antibiotics are routinely and empirically initiated in surgery and orthopedic departments, contributing to the AMR. This study aimed to explore the capabilities, opportunities and motivation that influence antibiotic prescribing practices of general and orthopedic surgeons in Central India.

Hypocupraemia-related drug-refractory seizures in Wilson disease.

Wilson disease is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism caused by an gene mutation, which encodes a protein responsible for excreting excess copper into bile and plasma. The excess copper deposits in the liver, brain and cornea. Copper deposition in the brain causes neuronal loss, gliosis and cavitation in the cortex/basal ganglia/brainstem.

Lipopeptide: Exploration for enhanced anticandidal therapeutic spectrum.

Growing numbers of human fungal contagions pose a significant threat to the health of society, which is largely brought on by an increase in the number of immunocompromised patients. Pathogenic fungi are usually ignored in discussions of human disease, though they create a big problem after infection. Immunocompromised patients have a high fatality rate due to severe invasive infections from a common polymorphic pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans.

Laccase Mimics: Probing the Electrocatalytic Potential for CO Reduction.

The intricate copper-based redox center in laccase serves as an exemplar for developing laccase mimics. The current need of the hour is exploring the application of these biogenic laccase mimics beyond their traditional roles in sustainable energy conversion. This study investigates the untapped potential of laccase and their biogenic copper-amino acid mimic in the context of electrochemical CO₂ reduction (ECR), leveraging the Cu/Cu redox system.

Association Between Erectile Dysfunction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction This study aimed to investigate the relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a North Indian population, as well as to assess the influence of age, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and testosterone levels on this association. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India, involving 183 men aged ≥50 years presenting with LUTS or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The severity of ED was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15), while LUTS severity was measured using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cold-Adapted From the Southern Ocean and Comparative Genomic Insights.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a contemporary public health issue that poses significant environmental and public health concerns. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microbes has been reported across media irrespective of geography and landscape. This study aimed to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of obtained from the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean (39°19' S, 57°30' E to 66°38' S, 76°22' E).