Rifampicin and ofloxacin dual therapy as an adjunct to standard MB-MDT in the management of nodulo-ulcerative lepromatous leprosy with histoid-like features: a case report.

Leprosy, induced by , and in some cases, , remains an important public health issue in endemic regions despite ongoing elimination efforts. Histoid Hansen's disease, a variant of lepromatous leprosy, is characterised by shiny, well-defined nodules and a heavy acid-fast bacillary load. We present a case of a 50-year-old male agricultural worker from rural central India presenting during a community health camp with multiple cutaneous nodules clinically suggestive of histoid leprosy.

A Rare Case of F-FDG-avid Renomegaly as the Initial Presentation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a prevalent cause of paediatric leukaemia. Patients with ALL typically exhibit symptoms such as fever, bleeding, weight loss, and bone pain. Blood investigations results predominantly show anaemia and pancytopenia with blast cells in the peripheral smear.

Rare Metastases to Liver and Spleen form a Seldom Case of Facial Angiosarcoma Demonstrated on Staging FDG PET-CT.

Angiosarcoma is a rare type of soft-tissue sarcoma, constituting only 1% out of all soft-tissue sarcomas pathologically originating from lymphatic or vascular endothelial cells. Angiosarcomas are reported to be very aggressive with a high incidence of metastases to different sites; therefore, it is very important to determine disease extension and detect local recurrence and/or distant metastases for appropriate management. We report a case of a 55-year-old Indian male who presented with soft-tissue thickening of the left cheek for which biopsy revealed angiosarcoma and was referred for fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) to assess the extent of disease highlighting the potential role of FDG PET/CT in rare malignancies like angiosarcomas.

Comparative Evaluation of Response in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Using Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT and F-FDG PET/CT.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Accurate evaluation of treatment response is essential for effective management. This case report discusses the potential role of ⁶⁸Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in comparison to F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for assessing treatment response in a patient with DLBCL.

Utility of SPECT/CT in Non-Traumatic Osteonecrosis: Revisited with New Insights from a Prospective Diagnostic Study.

Objectives: Bone scintigraphy is a sensitive imaging method to evaluate patients with suspected osteonecrosis. We assessed the diagnostic performance of combined bone single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) (CBS) in patients with known rheumatic disease or other connective tissue disorders and clinical suspicion of osteonecrosis compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: This prospective diagnostic accuracy study included 70 patients with clinical suspicion of osteonecrosis in any bone who underwent a planar triple-phase bone scan along with a regional SPECT/CT (CBS) and regional MRI.

Unique Presentation of a Heart-shaped Lesion in Lung Cancer.

We present a unique case of a heart-shaped lesion identified on Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the left lung. The patient, initially diagnosed with a mass in the left upper lobe and a lytic lesion in the L3 vertebra, underwent chemoradiation therapy. Subsequent imaging revealed significant metabolic activity reduction in lung and vertebral lesions.

Exploring the Utility of FDG PET-CT in Metastatic Recurrent Extra Skeletal Renal Osteosarcoma.

Metastatic renal osteosarcoma is a rare entity. We report a case of a 52-year-old male postright nephrectomy status presented to us with metastatic renal osteosarcoma. 18-fluorine- fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) avid lesions were seen in the right renal bed with extension to adjacent hepatic parenchyma.

F FDG PET/CT in a Rare Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease with Extensive Cutaneous and Skeletal Involvement.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare systemic non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis with multiple organ involvement. Being a rare disease with variable clinical manifestations, it is often difficult to diagnose. F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays a vital role in assessing disease extent and severity, diagnosis, treatment response and is a potential biomarker for BRAF mutation.

Gallium-68-Pentixafor PET/CT for Subtyping Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism: A Pictorial Essay.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the prevalent causes of secondary hypertension, characterized by the autonomous hypersecretion of aldosterone and concurrent renin inhibition. Clinical and biochemical remission rates for patients with PA achieved through surgery are far higher compared to those achieved through drug treatment; hence, subtyping PA is crucial for identifying patients who will benefit most from surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scan with adrenal protocol and adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is used conventionally for PA subtype classification.

Rare Pituitary Metastasis from Adenocarcinoma of Right Lung in F FDG PET/CT.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer and cancer-related deaths, and India ranks the fourth highest country. Lung cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a tendency for rapid progression, making early detection and prompt treatment essential for improving patient outcomes. Lung cancer can spread locally into surrounding tissue as well as travel through lymphatics to other parts of the body, most often to bone, brain, liver, and adrenal glands.

Synthesis of 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-β-D-mannopyranose (Mannose Triflate) Precursor for the Production of [F] FDG.

Purpose Of The Study: 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-β-D-mannopyranose (mannose triflate), the precursor used for the synthesis of [F] Fluorodeoxyglucose ([F] FDG) is imported from a few commercial suppliers abroad. As part of self-reliance, a reliable synthesis and characterization of mannose triflate has been developed, details of which are reported in this paper.

Materials And Methods: Synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-β-D-mannopyranose (Mannose triflate) carried by Triflation of 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-mannopyranose with Tf2O-pyridine under argon atmosphere for 6 h.

Updated Trends in Valvular Heart Disease-Related Heart Failure in G20-the Group of Twenty Countries: Insights From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD), including both non-rheumatic valvular heart disease (NRVHD) and rheumatic valvular heart disease (RVHD), is a major global health concern. Moreover, the progression of VHD to heart failure (HF) poses substantial clinical and public health challenges. In light of the global population aging, alongside increasing cardiovascular risk factors, and the additional strain imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, a timely reassessment of the VHD-related HF burden is urgently needed.

Exploring the In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Citrus Fruit Hesperidin Supplementation.

The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of hesperidin. The research was conducted by optimizing the hesperidin extraction process from citrus peel powder, followed by characterization and nutrition profiling of citrus peel hesperidin extract. Citrus peel was collected from the local market and dried in a hot air oven.

Tuning the dimensionality of functional thiazolo[5,4-]thiazole based supramolecular polymers competitive interactions.

The supramolecular organization of functional molecules at the mesoscopic level influences their material properties. Typically, planar π-conjugated (disc- or linear-shaped) molecules tend to undergo one-dimensional (1D) stacking, whereas two-dimensional (2D) organization from such building blocks is seldom observed in spite of their technological potential. Herein, we rationally achieve both 1D and 2D organizations from a single planar, π-conjugated molecular system competitive interactions.

An Uncommon Presentation of Heyde's Syndrome: Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia in a Patient With Severe Aortic Stenosis.

Heyde's syndrome signifies the link between aortic stenosis (AS) and bleeding due to angiodysplastic changes. While colonic angiodysplasia is commonly implicated, gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) represents a rarer manifestation in this context. We report the case of a 72-year-old male with severe AS who had recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to GAVE.

Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Presenting As Eosinophilic Ascites and Pleural Effusion in an Elderly Male: A Rare Clinical Manifestation.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder marked by sustained blood eosinophilia and associated tissue or organ damage in the absence of a secondary identifiable cause. Eosinophilic ascites and pleural effusion are extremely rare clinical presentations of idiopathic HES and often mimic malignancy, tuberculosis, or parasitic infections. We report a case of idiopathic HES in a 68-year-old male presenting with exudative eosinophilic ascites and pleural effusion.

Gender Differences in Caregiver Burden, Social Support, and Coping Strategies Among Caregivers of Patients With Epilepsy in a Tribal Region of India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study examined whether caregivers of male or female patients with epilepsy differ in perceived burden, social support, and coping mechanisms. In a cross-sectional design conducted at a tertiary neuropsychiatric hospital, 60 caregivers (30 per group) completed the Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS), the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ). Caregivers of female patients reported greater financial strain and more pronounced impacts on mental and physical health, yet they also perceived higher levels of social support.

Serial Monitoring of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Prediction of Functional Outcome in Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Background Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can be reliably detected at the bedside using the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). The functional outcome in stroke patients can be predicted with the use of acute-phase ONSD dynamics. Objectives To determine the predictive accuracy of ONSD on days 0, one, and three for the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients presented to emergency medicine as measured by Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score.

Impact of Fenestration Size and Prosthesis Diameter on Hearing Outcomes After Stapedotomy: A Review.

This systematic review investigates the influence of fenestration size and prosthesis diameter on hearing outcomes in patients undergoing primary stapedotomy for otosclerosis. A total of 11 studies were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and one cross-sectional study, with follow-up durations ranging from three months to one year. Fenestration sizes most commonly ranged from 0.

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Parameters as a Cost-Effective Tool for Early Diagnosis of Pediatric Sepsis: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Early recognition of pediatric sepsis is crucial for timely intervention, prevention of mortality, and improving long-term outcomes in children. However, the lack of advanced diagnostics in resource-limited settings poses a significant challenge to early diagnosis and intervention. Complete blood count (CBC) parameters are routinely performed, cost-effective, and readily available, yet their diagnostic utility in pediatric sepsis remains underutilized.

Efficacy and Safety of Ramelteon in the Reduction of Delirium and Duration of ICU Stay: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background Delirium and sleep disturbances are common in critically ill patients and are associated with adverse outcomes, including prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Ramelteon, a melatonin receptor agonist, may improve sleep and reduce delirium by regulating circadian rhythms. This study evaluated the efficacy of ramelteon in shortening ICU stay, decreasing delirium incidence and duration, and improving sleep quality in critically ill patients.

Retinoblastoma in Dandy-Walker Syndrome.

Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS), also referred to as Dandy-Walker malformation, is a rare congenital developmental anomaly characterized by enlargement of the posterior fossa, dilatation of the fourth ventricle, and cerebellar hypoplasia with upward rotation. Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children and typically presents in the pediatric age group, with leukocoria and strabismus being common early signs. Although DWS and retinoblastoma are individually rare, their simultaneous occurrence is exceptionally uncommon.

Two-Scope Technique for Tracheal Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma-A Rare Case Report and Review.

Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is an exceptionally uncommon salivary gland type tumour of the lung accounting for only 0.1% to 1% of all primary pulmonary malignancies. We describe a 40-year-old man presenting with hemoptysis, in whom computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed an endoluminal mass in the upper trachea.

Arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and preventive strategies for global health.

Arsenic exposure remains a critical global health concern, with growing evidence linking it to significant kidney dysfunction. This review examines the underlying mechanisms of arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and programmed cell death, which collectively contribute to damage in the glomeruli and renal tubules. Chronic exposure is associated with proteinuria, renal impairment, and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD).