Novel spectrophotometric approaches for analysis of solifenacin and silodosin in pharmaceutical preparations, human plasma, and environmental water samples: assessment of the methods' greenness and practicality.

The recent approval of a fixed-dose combination of silodosin (SOD) and solifenacin succinate (SOF) for overactive bladder syndrome has created a need for innovative analytical approaches enabling their simultaneous quantification. In this work, seven novel, eco-friendly, and cost-efficient spectrophotometric methods were developed for the concurrent determination of SOD and SOF. These methods overcome the limitations of conventional techniques by eliminating the need for complex instrumentation, labor-intensive procedures, and large volumes of hazardous organic solvents, offering a sustainable and accessible analytical alternative.

A Novel Highly Sensitive Derivatization-Free Spectrofluorimetric Approach for Analysis of the Antifungal Terconazole in Dosage Forms, Biological Fluids, and Environmental Water Samples: Assessment of Greenness and Blueness Profiles.

In the current study, the triazole antifungal terconazole (TRZ) was determined using a novel, extremely sensitive, and environmentally friendly spectrofluorimetric approach. A methanolic solution of TRZ exhibited strong native fluorescence at 373 nm when excited at 241 nm. With a correlation coefficient of 0.

MDL-800 protects against inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction: role of SIRT6 in the cross-regulation of NFκB, AMPK, and PPAR signaling in rats.

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a complex, multifactorial disorder characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, contributing substantially to the global burden of cardiometabolic diseases. Despite extensive research, effective pharmacological strategies that address the diverse and interconnected pathophysiological mechanisms of MetSyn are lacking. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a NAD-dependent epigenetic regulator, has emerged as a critical modulator of metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis.

Pristimerin Dampens Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity; The Role of NF-κB/iNOS/COX-II/Cytokines, PI3K/AKT, and BAX/BCL-2/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathways.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a popular and safe pain reliever. Due to its widespread availability, it is commonly implicated in intentional or unintentional overdoses, which result in severe liver impairment. Pristimerin (Prist) is a natural triterpenoid that has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Lomitapide, a Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Inhibitor, in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety.

Purpose: Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare and life-threatening genetic disorder characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Lomitapide, a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor, decreases LDL-C independent of LDL receptor function, providing an alternative treatment in this population. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lomitapide in patients with HoFH through a systematic review and meta-analysis of available clinical evidence.

COVID-19 in comorbid chronic diseased patients, pregnant and lactating women: pathophysiology, available drug treatment, and the most suitable protocol regimen in each group.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, liver diseases, and renal diseases exacerbate the disease, particularly in older patients, pregnant and lactating women.

Objective: We performed a systematic review to identify all studies reporting on risks associated with these comorbidities to detect the cause of severity of COVID-19 in these diseases and further selection of the most suitable treatment in each disease.

Explainable ML modeling of saltwater intrusion control with underground barriers in coastal sloping aquifers.

Reliable modeling of saltwater intrusion (SWI) into freshwater aquifers is essential for the sustainable management of coastal groundwater resources and the protection of water quality. This study evaluates the performance of four Bayesian-optimized gradient boosting models in predicting the SWI wedge length ratio (L/L) in coastal sloping aquifers with underground barriers. A dataset of 456 samples was generated through numerical simulations using SEAWAT, incorporating key variables such as bed slope, hydraulic gradient, relative density, relative hydraulic conductivity, barrier wall depth ratio, and distance ratio.

Phytochemical profiling and network pharmacology-based prediction of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil in the context of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder with limited treatment options. This study investigates the chemical composition of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil and explores its potential interaction with GBS-related molecular targets using in-silico tools. Essential oil was analyzed using GC-MS.

Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections in Elective and Emergency Surgeries: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) cause morbidity, disabilities, and healthcare costs. This study aims to assess patient- and surgery-related factors influencing SSIs with standardized preoperative, operative, and postoperative care.

Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 140 patients undergoing elective or emergency surgeries at Al-Azhar University Hospitals, Egypt, from October 2020 to September 2021.

Hydraulic Performance Modeling of Inclined Double Cutoff Walls Beneath Hydraulic Structures Using Optimized Ensemble Machine Learning.

This study investigates the effectiveness of inclined double cutoff walls installed beneath hydraulic structures by employing five machine learning models: Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost). A comprehensive dataset of 630 samples was gathered from previous studies, including key input variables such as the relative distance between the cutoff wall and the structure's apron width (L/B), the inclination angle ratio between downstream and upstream cutoffs (θ/θ), the depth ratio of downstream to upstream cutoff walls (d/d), and the relative downstream cutoff depth to the permeable layer depth (d/D). Outputs considered were the relative uplift force (U/U), the relative exit hydraulic gradient (i/i), and the relative seepage discharge per unit structure length (q/q).

Exploring the Efficacy of Citrus reticulata L. (Mandarin Orange) Flowers Essential Oils for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) With GC/MS Analysis: In Vitro and In Silico Studies.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) poses a significant challenge to male sexual health globally, prompting the exploration of alternative treatments beyond conventional pharmaceutical interventions targeting the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) enzyme. This study comparatively investigates the efficacy of essential oils hydrodistilled from expanded and unexpanded flowers (EF and UF) of Citrus reticulata L. in addressing ED by targeting two key enzymes: Rho-kinase II (ROCK-II) and PDE5A1.

A comprehensive explainable AI approach for enhancing transparency and interpretability in stroke prediction.

Stroke is among the leading causes of death, especially among old adults. Thus, the mortality rate and severe cerebral disability can be avoided when stroke is diagnosed at its early stages, followed by subsequent treatment. There is no doubt that healthcare specialists can find the necessary solutions more effectively and instantly with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).

Hybrid metaheuristic optimized Catboost models for construction cost estimation of concrete solid slabs.

Accurate construction cost prediction is essential for effective project planning and resource allocation, particularly in the competitive construction industry. This study introduces an advanced approach to predicting the costs of concrete solid slabs by combining the Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) model with three hybrid metaheuristic optimization models: Phasor Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO-CatBoost), Dwarf Mongoose Optimization (DMO-CatBoost), and Atom Search Optimization (ASO-CatBoost). These hybrid models were designed to optimize critical hyperparameters, including depth, learning rate, and iterations, and were benchmarked against a standalone CatBoost model using various performance metrics, such as residual error cumulative distribution (REC) curves, scatter plots, violin plots, and quantitative measures.

Cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of alizarin in mice with Ehrlich solid tumor: novel insights into ERα-mediated MDM2/p-Rb/E2F1 signaling pathway.

The role of estrogen receptor (ER) and its related effects is crucial for growth of breast cancer cells. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic impact of alizarin in models of breast cancer in vivo and investigate its antiestrogenic and apoptotic properties. MTT assay was used to evaluate alizarin cytotoxic effect against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231.

Antimicrobial and Anti-Efflux Machinery of FDA-Approved Proton Pump Inhibitors and Vitamins Against and .

Background: The efflux system is one of the resistance mechanisms that bacteria use to reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics, leading to the development of multidrug resistance. To evaluate other treatment choices, esomeprazole (ESO), omeprazole (OME), pantoprazole (PAN), vitamin D (VD), and vitamin K (VK) were tested for potential efflux pump (EP)-inhibiting activity.

Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tested drugs were determined against ATCC 51503 and PAO1.

Novel Diselenide Bis-Schiff bases tagged with diphenyl ethers: Promising candidates for selective treatment of hypopharyngeal and breast adenocarcinoma.

Organoselenium (OSe) compounds have received much attention due to their potential to inhibit tumor growth while also protecting cells from oxidative damage, making them promising cancer prevention agents. However, diphenyl diselenide (PhSe) has many drawbacks, such as increased lipophilicity with low oral bioavailability, toxicity issues due to poor selectivity, and limited physicochemical criteria. In this study, we developed two novel sets of diphenyl ether 5a-g and diphenyl ether hybridized with diselenide 6a-g and evaluated their anticancer activity and underlying cytotoxic mechanisms.

Hybrid thiazolyl-benzylidene-phenol metal complexes as novel chemotherapeutic agents with anti-topoisomerase I activity in human breast carcinoma: synthesis, and studies.

A new ligand, benzylidene-phenol-thiazole (HBHTP), and its M(ii) complexes (M = Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn) were synthesized using a hybrid pharmacophore approach. The structures were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. MTT cytotoxicity assay showed that CuBHTP was the most effective and least toxic to normal cells, with the highest toxicity against MCF-7 cells.

New Approach Combination-Dosed Therapy for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Versus Vitamin E: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: There is currently no US Food and Drug Administration-approved remedy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The present study evaluated the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and rosuvastatin (RSV) compared with conventional vitamin E in patients with NASH.

Methods: This study was designed as a parallel, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.

Jute Mallow Leaves Biomass as a Green Source for the Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N,S-Carbon Quantum Dots: Application to the Sensitive Sensing of the Anticancer Drug Afatinib in Environmental Water Samples.

This research presents a novel and efficient microwave-assisted method for synthesizing nitrogen- and sulfur-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQDs) using Corchorus olitorius leaves (Jute mallow) as a sustainable green carbon source and thiourea as a nitrogen and sulfur source. The method achieves remarkable efficiency, enabling the synthesis of N,S-CQDs in just 50 s. Diverse characterization approaches validated the distinctive optical and morphological characteristics of the N,S-CQDs.

A Comparative Study of N-Acetyl Cysteine, Rosuvastatin, and Vitamin E in the Management of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, fibrosis, and hepatocyte apoptosis. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), rosuvastatin (RSV), and vitamin E (VE) in patients with NASH. : A double-blinded, parallel, randomized, controlled study was conducted and registered on clinicaltrials.

Antimicrobial potential of Citrus australasica F. Muell. against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus supported by in silico analysis.

The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been steadily increasing over the past few decades, prompting an urgent need to develop novel antibiotic classes to combat the growing threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this context, a phytochemical investigation of Citrus australasica F. Muell.

Insights into Sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms and therapeutic aspects.

The most prevalent primary hepatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has a bad prognosis. HCC prevalence and related deaths have increased in recent decades. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed Sorafenib as a first-line treatment for individuals with advanced HCC.

LC-MS/MS profiling of Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. leaves cultivated in Egypt, isolation of its bioactive components, and interrelationships with anti-ulcerative activities: in vitro and in vivo approaches, molecular docking, and dynamics studies.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. cultivated in Egypt is a new cultivar of the known anti-inflammatory food spice Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.

A novel ultrasensitive derivatization-free synchronous fluorescence approach for the simultaneous analysis of propofol and nalbuphine in human plasma and dosage forms: Compliance with greenness and blueness metrics.

This study presents a very sensitive and eco-friendly synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous quantification of propofol (PRP) and nalbuphine (NAL) for the first time. The technique used the intrinsic fluorescence characteristics of the two drugs, providing enhanced sensitivity and specificity. The two drugs were assessed simultaneously at 217 nm and 281 nm for PRP and NAL, respectively, with a synchronous wavelength difference (Δλ) of 80 nm.

Targeted synthesis of a trimethoxyphenyltetrahydropyrimidine analogue designed as a DNA intercalator: , multi-spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and approaches.

Based on the rational design of DNA intercalators and Topo-II inhibitors and taking into consideration the main pharmacophoric features of doxorubicin (Dox) as a reference standard, we theoretically designed novel substituted tetrahydropyrimidine analogues (T). The designed analogues (T) were investigated for their inhibitory potential towards the hybrid DNA and Topo-II target receptor using molecular docking. Interestingly, the theoretically designed analogue T with a 3,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl side chain was found to be the superior candidate, achieving a binding score of -7.