Deciphering the binding mechanism of tafamidis to calf thymus DNA: multimodal spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and computational perspectives.

The interaction between small molecules and biological macromolecules is a crucial area of research with significant implications across various scientific disciplines. Tafamidis is a clinically approved drug for transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, yet its molecular interactions with biological macromolecules such as DNA remain unexplored. Investigating such interactions is crucial for understanding its broader pharmacodynamic profile and potential off-target effects.

Unraveling the molecular interaction of Larotrectinib with calf thymus DNA: A comprehensive study using multi-spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and computational techniques.

The study of the interaction between small molecules and biological macromolecules is a critical area of research with significant implications across various scientific fields. Larotrectinib, a tropomyosin kinase inhibitor, is used to treat patients with solid tumors harboring neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions. In this investigation, the interaction between larotrectinib and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was thoroughly examined using a combination of techniques, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, viscosity measurements, ionic strength variation, thermodynamic analysis, molecular dynamics simulations, and docking studies.

Applying pulse UV irradiation-induced chemiluminescence approach for high-throughput screening assay of tyrosinase inhibitors.

Tyrosinase is an enzyme that metabolizes L-tyrosine and is found in various organisms. Its overactivity can lead to health issues in humans, such as hyperpigmentation, and can adversely affect human skin, leading to skin cancers. This has heightened the significance of tyrosinase inhibitors in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, particularly skin-whitening formulations.

Jute Mallow Leaves Biomass as a Green Source for the Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N,S-Carbon Quantum Dots: Application to the Sensitive Sensing of the Anticancer Drug Afatinib in Environmental Water Samples.

This research presents a novel and efficient microwave-assisted method for synthesizing nitrogen- and sulfur-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQDs) using Corchorus olitorius leaves (Jute mallow) as a sustainable green carbon source and thiourea as a nitrogen and sulfur source. The method achieves remarkable efficiency, enabling the synthesis of N,S-CQDs in just 50 s. Diverse characterization approaches validated the distinctive optical and morphological characteristics of the N,S-CQDs.

Ultrafast green synthesis of silver nanoparticles as fluorescent nanosensors for determination of isoniazid and nitrofurantoin in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals.

The current study presents a green, straightforward, and ultrafast microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of Ag-NPs in only 40 s, using the Paeonia officinalis root extract as a reducing agent, for the first time. Characterization of the produced Ag-NPs was carried out using different spectroscopic and microscopic methods. They exhibited strong emission peak at 318 nm following excitation at 227 nm.

Deduction of full factorial design of HPLC technique for the simultaneous analysis of meloxicam and esomeprazole in their laboratory prepared tablets.

A reversed phase HPLC method with UV detection was designed for the first time for the simultaneous estimation of meloxicam and esomeprazole in their combined tablet dosage forms. Full factorial design was used for rapid optimization of the proposed method. Chromatographic separation was reached using isocratic elution on C18 column.

Rapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Sensitive Estimation of Tizanidine in Human Urine and Dosage Forms: Application to Content Uniformity Testing.

This study introduces a novel sensitive and environment-friendly spectrofluorimetric method for determination of an important muscle relaxant drug, tizanidine, with no need for using organic solvents or any pre-derivatization steps. This strategy depends on tizanidine quenching effect on the native fluorescence of newly synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) from Tetraclinis articulata extract, for the first time, using a microwave-assisted synthetic strategy in only 4 min. Full characterization of the synthesized N-CQDs was performed by different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.

Green Sensor Technology: Quantitation of Carbidopa and Eltrombopag Using Date Kernel-Derived Carbon Dots.

Introduction: In this work, we developed a novel sensing technique based on food in edible "waste" recycling approach. The eco-friendly and rapid strategy is based on microwave pyrolysis bottom-up technique for date kernels (DK) and thiourea, resulting in the formation of sensor probe based on carbon dots (CDs) for quantification of carbidopa (CAR) and eltrombopag (ELT).

Objectives: Discriminatory switch-off fluorescent nanosensors were utilized for the quantitation of two frequently administered drugs: CAR and ELT in nano dimension levels.

Aliphatic substrates-mediated unique rapid room temperature synthesis of carbon quantum dots for fenofibrate versatile analysis.

Background: The current synthetic strategies for carbon dots (CDs) are usually time-consuming, rely on complicated processes, and need high temperatures and energy. Recent studies have successfully synthesized CDs at room temperature. Unfortunately, most CDs synthesized at room temperature are obtained under harsh reaction conditions, prepared using aromatic precursors, or need a long time to generate.

Ultrasensitive platform for the determination of biothiols using aggregation-induced emission of gold-cysteine nanosheets.

Highly ordered ultrathin nanosheets (NSs) of Au(I)-Cys were fabricated through aggregation-induced supramolecular self-assembly triggered by an extended agitation in an alkaline environment. The synthesized Au(I)-Cys NSs exhibited intense luminescence and exceptional chirality. Remarkably, additions of biothiols to Au(I)-Cys NSs have significantly enhanced their luminescence emission, and circular dichroism properties coupled with morphological modulations into nanoflowers, nanodendrites, or closely packed aggregates.

Eco-friendly four spectrophotometric approaches for the simultaneous determination of the recently FDA-approved combination, bupivacaine and meloxicam in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

In this study, bupivacaine (BUP) and meloxicam (MLX) were simultaneously assayed in their co-formulated ampoules without interference using four affordable, sensitive, and eco-friendly spectrophotometric methods. The assay of MLX at 359.3 nm over the concentration range of 1.

Utility of Microwave-Synthesized Silver Nano Particles as Spectrofluorimetric Sensors for the Determination of Nano Concentrations of Favipravir: Application to Dosage Forms and Spiked Human Plasma.

A simple and facile microwave-assisted method was developed for the synthesis of highly fluorescent silver-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The synthesis of silver-nanoparticles depends on a redox reaction between silver nitrate and ascorbic acid using chitosan as a stabilizing agent. The produced Ag-NPs were characterized using Zeta potential and transmission electron microscope micrograph where they are spherical in shape with smooth surface morphology and size of 26.

Adoption of self-exothermic reaction for synthesis of multifunctional carbon quantum dots: Applications to vincristine sensing and cell imaging.

This work introduces an extremely easy method for preparing luminescent carbon dots (CDs) at ambient temperature using 1,2-naphthoquinone sulphonate and ethylenediamine as precursors via self-exothermic reaction without energy input. The as-obtained CDs have a high quantum yield (34.1 %), a production yield of 21.

Novel quantum dots-based assay for the determination of anti-hypertensive drugs minoxidil and timolol in different matrices.

The present work reports a sensitive, affordable, and ecologically friendly spectrofluorimetric method for the assessment of two antihypertensive medications, namely minoxidil and timolol. Blue-emitting sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots (S,N-CQDs) were generated by exposing soluble starch and thiourea to a 15-minute microwave treatment. The so- prepared nanodots displayed fluorescence at 276/430 nm with a quantum yield of 22 %.

UPLC-PDA factorial design assisted method for simultaneous determination of oseltamivir, dexamethasone, and remdesivir in human plasma.

A green and simple UPLC method was developed and optimized, adopting a factorial design for simultaneous determination of oseltamivir phosphate and remdesivir with dexamethasone as a co-administered drug in human plasma and using daclatasvir dihydrochloride as an internal standard within 5 min. The separation was established on UPLC column BEH C 1.7 μm (2.

Self-ratiometric fluorescence approach based on room-temperature instantaneously synthesized carbon dots from Folin's reagent and ethanolamine for determination of nitroxinil in water, milk, and food samples.

Background: Nitroxinil has been used extensively to treat parasitic worms, mainly Fasciola, in food-producing cattle and sheep. The reported methods for nitroxinil analysis included expensive instrumentation, the need for skilled operators, and tedious procedures. Fluorimetry is one of the fastest and simplest methods widely used; hence, we aimed to develop a simple, cost-effective, and convenient fluorometric approach for the estimation of nitroxinil in various matrices.

A new fabricated hetero-atom doped carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for metronidazole determination using garlic and red lentils with microwave assistance.

Biocompatible and highly fluorescent phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur carbon quantum dots (P,N,S-CQDs) were synthesized using a quick and ecologically friendly process inspired from plant sources. Garlic and red lentils were utilized as natural and inexpensive sources for efficient synthesis of the carbon-based quantum dots using green microwave-irradiation, which provides an ultrafast route for carbonization of the organic biomass and subsequent fabrication of P,N,S-CQDs within only 3 min. The formed P,N,S-CQDs showed excellent blue fluorescence at λ = 412 nm when excited at 325 nm with a quantum yield up to 26.

In-Vitro Study of the Binding of Atorvastatin with Adenine using Multi-Spectroscopic Approaches.

Atorvastatin-an oral lipid regulating drug is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), which is the rate determining enzyme for cholesterol synthesis. Adenine is a purine nucleobase that is found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) to generate genetic information. The binding mechanism of atorvastatin and adenine was studied for the first time utilizing various techniques, including UV-visible spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and metal ion complexation.

Insights on multi-spectroscopic approaches for estimating the in vitro binding of favipiravir with adenine nucleotide.

Favipiravir (FVP) is an oral antiviral drug approved in 2021 for the treatment of COVID-19. It is a pyrazine derivative that can be integrated into anti-viral RNA products to inhibit viral replication. While, adenine is a purine nucleobase that is found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) to generate genetic information.

Quality by design-aided acid-free synthesis of self P, N, S-doped black seed-derived carbon quantum dots for application as a nanosensor for eltrombopag environmental and bioanalysis and pharmacokinetic assay.

Herein, we developed a rapid, one-step, and cost-effective methodology based on the fabrication of water-soluble self-nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus co-doped black seed carbon quantum dots (BSQDs) via microwaveirradiation in six minutes. Our synthesis approach is superior to those in the literature as they involved long-time heating (12 h) with sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide and/or high temperatures (200 °C). A full factorial design was applied to obtain the most efficient synthesis conditions.

Novel fluorescent probes based on sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots for determination of three N-substituted phenothiazine derivatives in dosage forms.

In the current work, sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (S,N-CDs) as simple, sensitive, and selective turn-off fluorescent nanosensors were utilized for analysis of three phenothiazine derivatives, including acetophenazine (APZ), chlorpromazine (CPH), and promethazine (PZH). S,N-CDs were synthesized through a green one-pot microwave-assisted technique using widely available precursors (thiourea and ascorbic acid). HRTEM, EDX, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the as-synthesized CDs.

Simultaneous determination of selected ionophoric coccidiostats and amino acids in feed premixes using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method.

The combination of ionophoric coccidiostats and amino acids (AAs) is important in poultry feeding to enhance immunity and improve the growth and feed efficiency of birds suffering from coccidiosis. A simple, rapid, and economical high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method for the simultaneous determination of three ionophoric coccidiostats, namely salinomycin (SAL), maduramicin (MAD), and monensin (MON) in addition to three AAs; L-tryptophan (L-TRP), alpha-ketoleucin (KLEU), and L-valine (L-VAL) in feed premixes was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 12 min using a phenyl hexyl column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/methanol/water (25:20:55, v/v/v) adjusted to pH 3 using phosphoric acid.

The effects of genetic polymorphism on toxicity and pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in Egyptian adult patients with leukaemia or lymphoma.

Polymorphisms in genes coding folate-metabolising enzymes might alter the pharmacokinetics and sensitivity for methotrexate "MTX".The aim of the study aimed to investigate the influence of MTHFR C677T, DHFR19 Ins/del, GGH -401 C > T, and MTR A2756G polymorphisms on MTX toxicity and pharmacokinetics in Egyptian patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) or Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Fifty adult Egyptian patients with ALL and NHL, treated with high dose MTX, were prospectively enrolled in the study.