Exploring the Efficacy of Citrus reticulata L. (Mandarin Orange) Flowers Essential Oils for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) With GC/MS Analysis: In Vitro and In Silico Studies.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) poses a significant challenge to male sexual health globally, prompting the exploration of alternative treatments beyond conventional pharmaceutical interventions targeting the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) enzyme. This study comparatively investigates the efficacy of essential oils hydrodistilled from expanded and unexpanded flowers (EF and UF) of Citrus reticulata L. in addressing ED by targeting two key enzymes: Rho-kinase II (ROCK-II) and PDE5A1.

Therapeutic targeting of ocular diseases with emphasis on PI3K/Akt, and OPRL pathways by Hedera helix L. saponins: a new approach for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced bacterial keratitis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced bacterial keratitis is one of the most sight-threatening corneal infections associated with intense ocular inflammatory reactions that may lead to vision loss. Hence, this study investigated the efficacy of three nanocomposite chitosan-coated penetration enhancer vesicles (PEVs) to augment the ocular delivery of saponin(s), α-hederin (PEVI), hederacoside C (PEVII), or both (PEVIII) for treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis and its induced inflammatory response. The three formulations were prepared using the ethanol injection method and comprehensively characterized.

Physalis peruviana calyces extract ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune loss in rats-exposed to hexaflumuron.

Background: Hexaflumuron (HFM), a common pesticide, can disrupt the immune system and cause oxidative stress. This study investigated the potential of Physalis peruviana L. calyces extract (PP) to counteract these effects in rats.

L.; a natural source of bioactives to mitigate diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Metabolomics study of L. revealed the richness of its aerial parts in phenolics primarily; quercetin and its glycoside derivatives, which are well-reported to exert antidiabetic activity owing to their powerful antioxidant capacity. Hence, the antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of the quercetin standardized ethanolic extract of aerial parts were investigated.

Enzymatic formation of a prenyl β-carboline by a fungal indole prenyltransferase.

CdpNPT from Aspergillus fumigatus is a fungal indole prenyltransferase (IPT) with remarkable substrate promiscuity to generate prenylated compounds. Our first investigation of the catalytic potential of CdpNPT against a β-carboline, harmol (1), revealed that the enzyme also accepts 1 as the prenyl acceptor with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as the prenyl donor and selectively prenylates the C-6 position of 1 by the "regular-type" dimethylallylation to produce 6-(3-dimethylallyl)harmol (2). Furthermore, our X-ray crystal structure analysis of the C-His-tagged CdpNPT (38-440) truncated mutant complexed with 1 and docking studies of DMAPP to the crystal structure of the CdpNPT (38-440) mutant suggested that CdpNPT could employ the two-step prenylation system to produce 2.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of L. aerial parts and Isolation of the Main Phytochemicals.

L. (Family Araliaceae) populary known as Acaricoba, is indicated in folk medicine for treatment of several inflammatory disorders. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the defatted ethanolic extract (DEE) of the aerial parts using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema method.