Enhanced Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Solution via Persulfate Activation by Sulfur-Doped Biochar: Insights into Catalytic Mechanisms and Structural Properties.

In this study, sulfur-doped biochar (SBC) was successfully synthesized using peanut shells as the raw material and sulfur powder as the sulfur source. The composition, structural characteristics, and catalytic performance of SBC in the degradation of phenol via persulfate (PDS) activation were systematically investigated. Characterization results demonstrate that the prepared SBC exhibited a typical lamellar structure with abundant pores and fissures on its surface.

Performance and Mechanism of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer in Red Mud Blended Cementitious Materials.

The utilization of red mud by blending it into cement paste is still facing poor workability issues due to the finer particle size and higher water absorption of red mud, which can be solved by the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) to effectively maintain the working performance. However, the specific mechanisms by which different topologies of PCEs, in terms of water-reducing (WR)- and slump-retaining (SR)-type PCEs, influence red mud blended cement paste require further clarification. This research investigates the effect of WR-PCE and SR-PCE on the rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of red mud blended cement paste under different red mud contents.

Thiocoumarin Ethenylene-Bridge Dicyanoisophorone Skeleton: A Strategy for Ratiometric Fluorescent Detection of Hypochlorous Acid.

Herein, an ethylene-bridge bond of diethylaminocoumarin and dicyanoisophorone unit fluorescence probe was developed for the specific detection of HClO. The sensing mechanism involves HClO-induced cleavage of the ,-dimethylthiocarbamate group, oxidation-triggered ethylene bridge rearrangement, ultimately leading to the formation of a unique thiophene ring structure. The probe was successfully applied for simultaneous detection of HClO in beverage and food samples.

Investigation on overburden failure and subsurface subsidence characteristics in fully mechanized top-coal caving of "Three-Soft" Thick coal seams.

This study investigates overburden deformation and surface subsidence mechanisms in fully mechanized top-coal caving (FMTC) mining of "three-soft" (soft coal seam, soft roof, and soft floor) thick coal seams through physical similarity modeling, addressing aquifer disruption and intense surface responses. The experimental results were validated through field monitoring data, achieving a maximum subsidence discrepancy of 2.9%, which confirmed the model's reliability.

METTL3 overexpression and ATF6 silencing-induced Inhibition in HAS2 expression relieves PDGF-BB stimulation-induced HA production and the proliferation of human orbital fibroblasts in graves' ophthalmopathy.

Background: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), a common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, is characterized by inflammation and tissue remodeling in the orbit. Hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) plays a pivotal role in hyaluronan (HA) production, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of GO. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of HAS2 could provide novel therapeutic targets for managing this debilitating condition.

Structure, sensing and control of pneumatic upper limb rehabilitation system: Review and prospect.

With the development of society, the service level of rehabilitation institutions needs to be improved. Pneumatic drive technology has attracted widespread attention due to its high safety and easy control. As a new type of driving element, pneumatic artificial muscle has important advantages in the field of assisted rehabilitation robots due to its light weight, large output force ratio, strong flexibility, low cost and easy maintenance.

Tin oxide/MXene nanocomposite for energy storage devices.

Supercapacitors are gaining attention due to their fast charge-discharge rates, long cycle life, and high-power density. MXenes, especially TiCT, are promising electrode materials due to their excellent energy storage properties; however, their practical use is limited by stacking of nanosheets and low specific capacity. In this study, we developed a simple one-step hydrothermal method for growth of SnO (tin oxide) on TiCT (MXene).

Environmental Gas Adsorption on SnGeN: A Theoretical Perspective.

Based on spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a systematic study was conducted on the adsorption behavior of gas molecules such as H, CO, CO, HO, NO, HS, NH, and CH on the SnGeN monolayer surface. The results indicate that all gas molecules exhibit relatively low adsorption energies and large adsorption distances on the SnGeN surface, suggesting a tendency toward physisorption. Charge density difference (CDD) and Bader charge analysis demonstrate minimal charge transfer, confirming weak interactions between the gas molecules and the SnGeN surface.

Secondary malignancies after chronic myeloid leukaemia upon TKI treatment: Population trends and outcomes.

The life expectancy of most chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients is nearly comparable to that of the general population owing to the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Hence, focus has shifted towards long-term adverse effects, especially the emergence of secondary malignancies. A retrospective study from 11 institutions was performed in 139 CML patients with secondary malignancies.

Simulation Experimental Study on Evolution Law of Cumulative Damage in Coal under Shocks by Multiple High Pressure Air Blasting.

High pressure air blasting (HPAB) is a new type of waterless physical expansion method for enhancing coalbed methane extraction from low-permeability coal reservoirs. In order to explore the influence of shocks by multiple HPAB on the cumulative damage evolution of coal, shocks by multiple HPAB experiments were conducted using simulated coal samples and a self-developed HPAB device. During the experimental testing process, The wave velocity of coal samples under shocks by multiple HPAB was tested using an ultrasonic tester, and the time-domain signal of the ultrasonic wave was converted into a frequency-domain signal using Fourier transform theory.

Deep learning driven prediction and comparative study of surrounding rock deformation in high speed railway tunnels.

To tackle the challenge of discrete and complex monitoring data generated during high-speed rail tunnel construction, this study proposes a hybrid deep learning model for deformation forecasting. Using 300-hour continuous deformation records from multiple cross-sections of the G Tunnel (March 2023), a novel WOA-CNN-GRU model is developed, integrating data preprocessing, feature extraction, and prediction. The methodology incorporates quadratic exponential smoothing for outlier mitigation, followed by sequential feature extraction using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and bidirectional gated recurrent units (GRUs).

Integration of MOF-derived ZnO/BiS/ZnInS double Z-scheme heterostructure and dual-enzyme active HPAu/Ag@AFGQDs nanospheres for PEC/colorimetric dual-mode bioassay of caspase-3 activity.

Caspase-3 is an important biomarker of apoptosis-relevant diseases, so it has great clinical value to determine caspase-3 activity. Herein, an innovative photoelectrochemical (PEC)/colorimetric dual-mode biosensor was established for highly sensitive and reliable determination of caspase-3 activity. The advanced Zn-based metal organic framework (Zn-MOF)-derived ZnO polyhedrons/BiS nanorods/3D sakura-like ZnInS double Z-scheme heterostructure was prepared by layer-by-layer assembly on the indium tin oxide electrode (termed as ZnInS/BiS/ZnO/ITO), which offered a strong initial photocurrent.

Optimizing porous carbon Nanospheres as supports for enhanced Electrocatalytic performance of platinum-based catalysts.

The structure and composition of catalyst supports are pivotal in optimizing the catalytic performance of platinum (Pt)-based catalysts. In this work, a series of metal‑nitrogen co-doped porous carbon nanospheres (M-NC, M = Co, Ni, and Cu) were synthesized through a metal-tuning strategy. The introduction of transition metals profoundly influenced morphology, resulting in distinct structural properties of the carbon nanospheres.

Willingness and driving factors of rural homestead withdrawal in china's major grain producing areas from the new quality productivity perspective.

The growing supply-demand imbalance of idle rural homesteads threatens food security and eco-environmental sustainability. The construction of production relations centered on new-quality productive forces is crucial for resolving this dilemma and accelerating China's high-quality development. Integrating planned behavior theory and rural migration framework, this study analyzes determinants of farmers' homestead relinquishment intentions using survey data.

Study on the migration law of sulfate in limestone water of typical high ground temperature coal mines.

With the trend of deep coal resource extraction becoming normalized, understanding the mechanisms driving sulfate migration and evolution under the coupled effects of high geothermal environments and coal mining is crucial. This study investigates the sources and migration processes of groundwater sulfate under high ground temperature conditions using Self-Organizing Maps, stable isotopes (δS, δO, δD, δO), and Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR). The results indicate that, influenced by coal mining, the hydraulic connectivity between the aquifers above and below the coal seam is significant.

Comparative evaluation of extraction methods for fragrant semen Trichosanthis oil: Cold pressing, conventional solvent, subcritical -butane and supercritical CO.

The physicochemical properties, chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and volatile profiles of fragrant Semen Trichosanthis oil (FSTO) extracted by cold pressing (CP), solvent extraction (SE), subcritical -butane extraction (SBE), and supercritical CO extraction (SPE) were systematically investigated. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated in the oils (89.57-92.

Study on coal drawing parameters of deeply buried hard coal seams based on PFC.

The coal seams in the Zhaogu mining area are characterized by great burial depth, hard coal quality, and difficulty in fracturing the top coal. To address the challenges of top-coal drawing in the working face, this study focuses on the external coal pillar working face in the Second Panel. Through laboratory experiments, field tests, and PFC numerical simulations, the coal drawing parameters and top-coal caving techniques were systematically investigated to provide technical support for on-site production.

Machine learning evaluation model of pilot workload in a low-visibility environment.

To analyze the variation trend of pilots' workload in a low-visibility flight environment and then put forward a scientific evaluation method, this study set up an experimental platform using an E01-pro simulated flight platform and a PhysioPlux multipurpose physiological index tester. The ECG signal data of 40 pilots in normal- and low-visibility flight environments were monitored and collected. Meanwhile, the workload and heart rate (HR) changes of pilots under different visibility levels were analyzed in accordance with the American NASA-TLX workload scale, and the sensitive indexes significantly affecting pilots' workload among ECG signal indexes were screened and extracted.

Photo-controlled vacancies and conductivity within single crystals of silver chalcogenolate cluster-based MOFs.

Structural vacancies in crystalline solids have great potential in tuning optoelectronic properties for specific applications. However, the random distribution of vacancies is still an intractable problem when creating materials with completely reproducible functions. Here, we report that the growth of crystals from solution approaching perfect single crystallization of assembled silver clusters (SC-1, where SC denotes single crystal), featuring a two-dimensional (2D)-three-dimensional (3D) interpenetrating conformation.

Highly Selective Gas Sensor for Rapid Detection of Ethylene Using Pt Nanoparticles Functionalized MnO.

Ethylene is a crucial raw material for the production of chemical products, and thus, the development of high-performance ethylene (CH) gas sensors has garnered significant interest for achieving reliable CH monitoring. In this article, MnO nanorods and Pt-modified MnO nanorods were prepared using hydrothermal and reduction methods. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and XPS techniques.

Functionalized separator strategies accelerate the development of zinc-ion batteries.

Zinc-ion batteries have garnered significant attention owing to their high energy density, environmental sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. However, challenges such as zinc dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, inert by-products, and zinc metal corrosion have substantially impeded the practical application of these batteries. Recently, functional modification of separators has emerged as a promising strategy to address these issues.

Study on a Creep Constitutive Model of Phyllite Considering the Coupling Factors of Bedding, Confining Pressure, and Water Saturation.

Layered phyllite excavation works show very strong creep behavior when encountering water, and the creep characteristics are greatly affected by bedding and the stress environment. Therefore, a creep test of saturated phyllite is carried out to study the creep characteristics of saturated phyllite under different bedding and confining pressure conditions, establish a creep constitutive model that can accurately express the coupling relationship between various factors, and reveal the coupling effect of the bedding and confining pressure on the creep of saturated phyllite. The results show that (1) in the case of uniaxial compression creep, the relationship between parameter and bedding dip angle β shows a ""-type relationship, and , , η, and η all have a ""-type relationship with the bedding dip angle.

Geochemistry of the Late Permian Coal in Northeast Yunnan, China: Provenance and Paleoenvironmental Implications.

The Late Permian was characterized by significant and concurrent transformations in Earth's biological, climatic, and environmental systems. The Weixin region in the eastern Yunnan Province contains extensive Late Permian coal deposits, providing an ideal setting for investigating paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic changes. Using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we analyzed major element, trace element, and rare earth element concentrations in 40 whole-layer samples from five coal seams within the Late Permian Xuanwei Formation at the Yujing Mountain Mining Area.

Crystalline-Amorphous Heterostructure: A Novel Configuration for Silver Nanoclusters.

Heterostructured composite materials with multiple components have potential applications in diverse aspects, as they tend to exhibit superior physicochemical properties than the sum of their single counterparts. However, the fabrication of heterostructures composed of atomic-precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) is seldom reported owing to their inherent instability, leading to the decomposition of metal NCs during the formation of peripheral layers. Here, a spontaneously formed amorphous-crystalline heterostructured Ag@Ag is discovered, wherein the amorphous Ag NCs are enveloped by a single crystal of Ag NCs.

Predefined-time adaptive learning control of nonlinear strict-feedback systems via dynamic regressor extension and mixing.

This paper develops a parameter identification algorithm and a novel adaptive tracking control strategy for a specific group of nonlinear strict-feedback systems incorporating the concept of predefined time under model uncertainties. A three-layer transformation-based parameter estimation method with predefined-time convergence properties is proposed to relax the strict persistent excitation condition imposed by conventional approaches. The singular terms that may occur in traditional backstepping design procedures are avoided by using a hyperbolic tangent function to design new control laws and filters.