The Changes in Cross-Resistance, Fitness, and Feeding Behavior in as Their Resistance to Sulfoxaflor Declines.

The increasing resistance in field populations to sulfoxaflor and many different types of insecticides represents a significant challenge in protecting cotton production in China. Although resistant pests were able to regain their susceptibility to insecticides after the reduction in insecticide applications, some of their biological parameters remained different from susceptible strains. The resistance to sulfoxaflor was unstable in after the loss of selective pressure.

Can nanotechnology and genomics innovations trigger agricultural revolution and sustainable development?

At the dawn of new millennium, policy makers and researchers focused on sustainable agricultural growth, aiming for food security and enhanced food quality. Several emerging scientific innovations hold the promise to meet the future challenges. Nanotechnology presents a promising avenue to tackle the diverse challenges in agriculture.

The update and transport of aluminum nanoparticles in plants and their biochemical and molecular phototoxicity on plant growth and development: A systematic review.

As aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) are widely used in our daily life and various industries, Al-NPs has been becoming an emerging pollution in the environment. The impact of this NP has been attracting more and more attention from the scientific communities. In this review, we systematically summarized the interactions, uptake, and transport of Al-NPs in the plant system.

Research Progress of PPR Proteins in RNA Editing, Stress Response, Plant Growth and Development.

RNA editing is a posttranscriptional phenomenon that includes gene processing and modification at specific nucleotide sites. RNA editing mainly occurs in the genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts in higher plants. In recent years, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, which may act as trans-acting factors of RNA editing have been identified, and the study of PPR proteins has become a research focus in molecular biology.

RNA Editing and Its Roles in Plant Organelles.

RNA editing, a vital supplement to the central dogma, yields genetic information on RNA products that are different from their DNA templates. The conversion of C-to-U in mitochondria and plastids is the main kind of RNA editing in plants. Various factors have been demonstrated to be involved in RNA editing.

Genome-Wide Study of NOT2_3_5 Protein Subfamily in Cotton and Their Necessity in Resistance to .

The Negative on TATA-less (NOT) 2_3_5 domain proteins play key roles in mRNA metabolism and transcription regulation, but few comprehensive studies have focused on this protein family in plants. In our study, a total of 30 genes were identified in four cotton genomes: , , and Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the NOT2_3_5 domain proteins were divided into two classes. The genes were expanded frequently, and segmental duplication had significant effects in their expansion process.

Epigenetic Alteration Shaped by the Environmental Chemical Bisphenol A.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is extensively used in plastic products and epoxy resins. The epigenetic response to the environmental chemical BPA was involved in multiple dysfunctional categories, such as cancer, the reproductive system, metabolism, pubertal development, peripheral arterial disease, infant and childhood growth, and neurodevelopment outcomes. In this mini-review, we described the recent progress of the epigenetic effects of the environmental chemical BPA, including DNA methylation, histone methylation, and toxic epigenomics.

VdTHI20, Involved in Pyrimidine Biosynthesis, Is Required for DNA Repair Functions and Pathogenicity.

() infects roots and colonizes the vascular vessels of host plants, significantly reducing the economic yield of cotton and other crops. In this study, the protein VdTHI20, which is involved in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway, was characterized by knocking out the corresponding gene in V. dahliae via -mediated transformation (ATMT).

Overexpression of miRNA in Cotton via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of newly identified endogenous small regulatory molecules. Many studies show that miRNAs play a critical role in almost all biological and metabolic progress through targeting protein-coding genes for mRNA cleavage or translation inhibition. Many miRNAs are also identified from cotton using computational and/or experimental approaches, including the next-generation deep sequencing technology.

A Grafting Technique for Efficiently Transplanting Transgenic Regenerated Plants of Cotton.

Recovery of transgenic cotton plants from tissue culture condition to greenhouse condition is a critical step for improving cotton through genetic engineering. Traditional methods always cause low survival rate of transplanted plants. In 1998, we developed an efficient grafting technique for recovery of transgenic cotton plants, which significantly increased the survival rate of the transplanting regeneration plants.

A Simple and Rapid Method for Determining Transgenic Cotton Plants Using a Marker Gene.

Determining transgenic events is a critical step for obtaining transgenic plants as well as the later stage of application. Traditional methods, such as Northern blotting and qRT-PCR, for determining transgenic events require radioactively labeled substrates, expensive instruments, or long-time commitments, which results in lab and time-consuming as well as expensive costs. Those methods also require destroying the transgenic events.

Pollen Tube Pathway-Mediated Cotton Transformation.

Although many gene transfer methods have been employed for successfully obtaining transgenic cotton, the major constraint in cotton improvement is the limitation of genotype because the majority of transgenic methods require plant regeneration from a single transformed cell which is limited by cotton tissue culture. Comparing with other plant species, it is difficult to induce plant regeneration from cotton; currently, only a limited number of cotton cultivars can be cultured for obtaining regenerated plants. Thus, developing a simple and genotype-independent genetic transformation method is particularly interested for cotton.

Identification and expression analysis of phosphatidy ethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family in cotton.

The phosphatidy ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBP) play an important role in controlling flower development and phase change. Here, a total of 61 PEBP genes were identified, in which 20, 21, 10, and 10 were from tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum (AD1) and G. barbadense (AD2), and diploid G.

Differential expression of microRNAs during fiber development between fuzzless-lintless mutant and its wild-type allotetraploid cotton.

Cotton is one of the most important textile crops but little is known how microRNAs regulate cotton fiber development. Using a well-studied cotton fiberless mutant Xu-142-fl, we compared 54 miRNAs for their expression between fiberless mutant and its wildtype. In wildtype Xu-142, 26 miRNAs are involved in cotton fiber initiation and 48 miRNAs are related to primary wall synthesis and secondary wall thickening.

Comprehensive analysis of TCP transcription factors and their expression during cotton (Gossypium arboreum) fiber early development.

TCP proteins are plant-specific transcription factors implicated to perform a variety of physiological functions during plant growth and development. In the current study, we performed for the first time the comprehensive analysis of TCP gene family in a diploid cotton species, Gossypium arboreum, including phylogenetic analysis, chromosome location, gene duplication status, gene structure and conserved motif analysis, as well as expression profiles in fiber at different developmental stages. Our results showed that G.

Selection and validation of reliable reference genes in Gossypium raimondii.

Objective: To identify reliable reference genes for gene expression analysis in Gossypium raimondii.

Results: Five different software tools, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ReFinder and ∆Ct method were employed to analyze the qRT-PCR data systematically of 12 housekeeping genes. SAD and TUA11 showed relatively stable expression levels in all tissues (i.

MicroRNAs in cotton: an open world needs more exploration.

This paper reviews the progress and current problems in the field of cotton microRNAs. Cotton is not only one of the most important crops in terms of fiber usage and economic value, but also a model species for investigating cell wall and cellulose biosynthesis as well plant polyploidization. Compared with model plant species, such as Arabidopsis and rice, the research on cotton microRNAs (miRNAs) is lagging, although great progress has been made in the past decade.

Deep sequencing reveals important roles of microRNAs in response to drought and salinity stress in cotton.

Drought and salinity are two major environmental factors adversely affecting plant growth and productivity. However, the regulatory mechanism is unknown. In this study, the potential roles of small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in cotton response to those stresses were investigated.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TCP transcription factors in Gossypium raimondii.

Plant-specific TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors play versatile functions in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. However, no systematical study has been performed in cotton. In this study, we performed for the first time the genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the TCP transcription factor family in Gossypium raimondii.

Differentiated expression of microRNAs may regulate genotype-dependent traits in cotton.

miRNA is an exogenous non-coding RNA with 21-24nt in length, which plays a crucial role in almost all biological processes. In plants, miRNAs regulate organ development, phase change, signal transduction and response to different biotic and abiotic stresses at the post-transcriptional levels. Although there are many studies on plant miRNAs, no studies have been focused on the genotype dependence.

MicroRNA-based biotechnology for plant improvement.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of newly discovered endogenous small RNAs, which negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcription levels. As the application of next-generation deep sequencing and advanced bioinformatics, the miRNA-related study has been expended to non-model plant species and the number of identified miRNAs has dramatically increased in the past years. miRNAs play a critical role in almost all biological and metabolic processes, and provide a unique strategy for plant improvement.