TFEB regulates dendritic cell antigen presentation to modulate immune balance in asthma.

Objective: Asthma stands as one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory conditions in children, with its pathogenesis tied to the actived antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) and the imbalance within T cell subgroups. This study seeks to investigate the role of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) in modulating the antigen presentation process of DCs and its impact on the differentiation of T cell subgroups.

Methods: Bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) were activated using house dust mites (HDM) and underwent RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to pinpoint differentially expressed genes.

Preschool children's asthma medication: parental knowledge, attitudes, practices, and adherence.

As parents or legal guardians primarily care for children with asthma, understanding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) barriers to treatment and medication adherence is of essential importance. This study aimed to analyze the KAP toward asthma medication and adherence among preschool-aged asthmatic children's parents and explore the factors influencing adherence. This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2023 and April 2023.

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4-mediated mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism and dendritic cell antigen presentation.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of Acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) in mediating mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism and dendritic cell (DC) antigen presentation in the immune response associated with asthma.

Methods: RNA sequencing was employed to identify key genes associated with mitochondrial function and fatty acid metabolism in DCs. ELISA was employed to assess the levels of fatty acid metabolism in DCs.

Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Protects Cardiomyocytes from lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mitochondrial Damage by Reducing Lactate Accumulation.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered one of the major pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a key regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, is essential for maintaining mitochondrial function. However, its specific role in SIC remains unclear.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children.

Background: Pediatric bronchiectasis is a common respiratory disease in children. The use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for its treatment remains controversial.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to compare and analyze the clinical efficacy of thoracoscopic surgery and thoracotomy in the treatment of pediatric bronchiectasis and summarize the surgical treatment experience of VATS in children with bronchiectasis.

3D-printed PCL/β-TCP/CS composite artificial bone and histocompatibility study.

Background: Tissue-engineered bone materials are an effective tool to repair bone defects. In this study, a novel biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/calcium sulfate (CS) composite scaffold was prepared by using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology.

Methods: Scanning electron microscopy, gas expansion displacement, and contact goniometry were used to examine the 3D-printed PCL/β-TCP/CS composite scaffolds.

Significance of Pyroptosis in Immunoregulation and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Evidence from RNA-Seq of Alveolar Macrophages.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of pyroptosis in alveolar macrophages regarding the immune microenvironment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its prognosis.

Methods: ARDS Microarray data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) models were applied to identify hub pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) with prognostic significance in ARDS.

S1P-S1PR3-RAS promotes the progression of S1PR3 TAL1 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia that can be effectively inhibited by an S1PR3 antagonist.

TAL1 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a distinct subtype of leukemia with poor outcomes. Through the cooperation of co-activators, including RUNX1, GATA3, and MYB, the TAL1 oncoprotein extends the immature thymocytes with autonomy and plays an important role in the development of T-ALL. However, this process is not yet well understood.

plays indispensable roles in maintaining self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells.

is one of the primary demethylases responsible for reversing N6-methyladenosine (mA) modifications on mRNAs, and it plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes. Previous studies have shown that is required for maintaining the function of leukemia stem cells but is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis. In this study, we found that deletion led to a moderate increase in the number of multiple progenitor cell populations while compromising the long-term self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Advances of SIRT4 in cancer metabolism and therapy.

The Sirtuins family consists of SIRT1-SIRT7, which belong to class III of the histone deacetylases, a family of highly conserved NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent enzymes expressed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. In addition to having ADP-ribosyltransferase, NAD+-dependent deacetylase, lipoamide, and long-chain deacetylase activities, it can also regulate the function of substrate proteins through ADP-ribosylation, diacylation, and long-chain deacylation. These enzyme activities also confer many critical biological functions on SIRT4, making SIRT4 involved in many mitochondrial energy metabolic processes, such as promoting insulin secretion, participating in the glycolytic process in concert with glycolysis inhibitors, inhibiting glutamate dehydrogenase from regulating glutamine metabolism, and participating in reactions such as DNA damage.

LIPUS-S/B@NPs regulates the release of SDF-1 and BMP-2 to promote stem cell recruitment-osteogenesis for periodontal bone regeneration.

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) have been widely used as the carrier for sustainable drug delivery. However, the drug release from the NPs was usually incomplete and uncontrollable. Herein, a low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) assisted SDF-1/BMP-2@nanoparticles (S/B@NPs) system was fabricated to facilitate stem cell recruitment-osteogenesis for periodontal bone regeneration.

Rapamycin prevents lung injury related to acute spinal cord injury in rats.

Severe injury occurs in the lung after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) and autophagy is inhibited. However, rapamycin-activated autophagy's role and mechanism in lung injury development after ASCI is unknown. Preventing lung injury after ASCI by regulating autophagy is currently a valuable and unknown area.

Steroid profiling for the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by microbore ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Background: A rapid and accurate measurement approach for 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and related steroids in amount/volume-limited clinic samples is of importance for precise newborn diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and its subtypes in clinic.

Methods: Sixteen steroids (17-OHP, androstenedione, cortisol, tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol, pregnenolone, progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 21-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, aldosterone, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, dihydrotestosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone) were included in the panel of high-throughput microbore ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were collected from 126 normal subjects and 65 patients including different subtypes of CAH.

Clinical study of the value of shear wave elastography in evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis in children.

Objectives: To explore the clinical application of shear wave elastography (SWE) in evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis in children.

Methods: To explore the value of SWE in assessing liver fibrosis in children, the correlation between elastography values and the METAVIR grade of liver fibrosis in children with biliary system or liver diseases was studied. Children with significant liver enlargement were enrolled, and the fibrosis grade was analyzed to explore the value of SWE in assessing the degree of liver fibrosis in the presence of significant liver enlargement.

A reliable and high throughput HPLC-HRMS method for the rapid screening of β-thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy in dried blood spots.

Objectives: Traditional methods for β-thalassemia screening usually rely on the structural integrity of hemoglobin (Hb), which can be affected by the hemolysis of red blood cells and Hb degradation. Here, we aim to develop a reliable and high throughput method for rapid detection of β-thalassemia using dried blood spots (DBS).

Methods: Hb components were extracted from a disc (3.

A survey of allergic conjunctivitis in children in China.

To explore the risk factors for allergic conjunctivitis (AC) in Chinese children. We recruited 176 children who suffered from AC and a control group comprising 131 normal subjects in southern China. Each participant completed a questionnaire and underwent multiple eye examinations and a skin prick test (SPT).

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with pirfenidone upregulates the expression of RGS2 in the pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Objective: The therapeutic effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in combination with pirfenidone (PFD) on pulmonary fibrosis in mice and its possible mechanism were investigated.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, P group, P group, P group, and P group. Modeled by tracheal intubation with 3 mg/kg bleomycin drip, each dose of PFD was administered daily by gavage from day 7 onwards.

Effects of electric charge on fracture healing.

Fracture nonunion is a common and challenging complication. Although direct current stimulation has been suggested to promote fracture healing, differences in cell density near the positive and negative electrodes have been reported during direct current stimulation. This study aimed to explore the effects of these differences on osteoblast proliferation and fracture healing.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound/nanomechanical force generators enhance osteogenesis of BMSCs through microfilaments and TRPM7.

Background: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been reported to accelerate fracture healing, but the mechanism is unclear and its efficacy needs to be further optimized. Ultrasound in combination with functionalized microbubbles has been shown to induce local shear forces and controllable mechanical stress in cells, amplifying the mechanical effects of LIPUS. Nanoscale lipid bubbles (nanobubbles) have high stability and good biosafety.

Feature Genes in Neuroblastoma Distinguishing High-Risk and Non-high-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients: Development and Validation Combining Random Forest With Artificial Neural Network.

There is a significant difference in prognosis among different risk groups. Therefore, it is of great significance to correctly identify the risk grouping of children. Using the genomic data of neuroblastoma samples in public databases, we used GSE49710 as the training set data to calculate the feature genes of the high-risk group and non-high-risk group samples based on the random forest (RF) algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm.

Synergistic effect of VEGF and SDF-1α in endothelial progenitor cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent agonist of angiogenesis that induces proliferation and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) after vascular injury. Previous studies have suggested that stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha (SDF-1α) and VEGF have a synergistic effect on vascular stenosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether VEGF and SDF-1α act synergistically in EPCs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Microvesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Alveolar Type II Cell Proliferation and Attenuate Lung Inflammation in a Rat Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Although it is known that exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) alleviate hyperoxic lung injury of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in animal models, the role of microvesicles (MVs) derived from hUCMSCs in BPD is poorly defined. Furthermore, antenatal inflammation has been linked to high risk of BPD in preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to explore whether MVs derived from hUCMSCs can preserve lung structure and function in an antenatal lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced BPD rat model and to clarify the underlying mechanism.

Rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: a case report in a child.

Background: Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare congenital disease that can cause severe clinical presentations when the aneurysm ruptures. Here, we report a rare case of a noncoronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with rupture into the right atrium.

Case Presentation: A 14-year-old Chinese female patient presented viral myocarditis with acute heart failure at the local hospital, and she was finally diagnosed with a noncoronary sinus Valsalva aneurysm with rupture into the right atrium by digital subtraction angiography with cardiac catheterization angiography and echocardiography at our hospital (Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University).