Assessing land surface temperature dynamics and urban heat island effects in Delhi: a multi-temporal analysis and future projections.

Understanding the intricate relationship between land use/land cover (LULC) transformations and land surface temperature (LST) is critical for sustainable urban planning. This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of LULC and LST across Delhi, India, using thermal data from Landsat 7 (2001), Landsat 5 (2011) and Landsat 8 (2021) resampled to 30-m spatial resolution, during the peak summer month of May. The study aims to target three significant aspects: (i) to analyse and present LULC-LST dynamics across Delhi, (ii) to evaluate the implications of LST effects at the district level and (iii) to predict seasonal LST trends in 2041 for North Delhi district using the seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) time series model.

Correlation between visual function and corneal backscatter by Scheimpflug imaging or anterior segment optical coherence tomography in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Abtract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between corneal backscatter and visual function in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Study Design: Prospective case series.

Methods: This study included 53 eyes from 38 patients with FECD.

Statins in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Resistance, and Precision Strategies for Neurovascular and Cognitive Protection.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability globally, with survivors at high risk of recurrent stroke, cardiovascular events, and post-stroke dementia. Statins, while widely used for their lipid-lowering effects, also possess pleiotropic properties, including anti-inflammatory, endothelial-stabilizing, and neuroprotective actions, which may offer added benefit in AIS management. This article synthesizes emerging evidence on statins' dual mechanisms of action and evaluates their role in reducing recurrence, improving survival, and mitigating cognitive decline.

Efficacy and activity of gepotidacin against bacterial uropathogens, including drug-resistant phenotypes, in females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections: results from two global, pivotal, phase 3 trials (EAGLE-2 and EAGLE-3).

Two recent Phase 3 trials demonstrated the efficacy of gepotidacin compared with nitrofurantoin to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) in females. Pretreatment urine specimens were obtained from all participants. Based on pooled trial data (treatment groups combined), central laboratory culture results identified 1,421 (45%) participants with ≥1 baseline qualifying (≥10 CFU/mL) uropathogen (i.

Jahn-Teller Distortion Enables Enhanced Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Properties of a Metal-Pyrazolylborate Complex.

Molecular piezoelectrics have garnered significant attention in energy harvesting and sensing fields due to their high intrinsic piezoelectricity, low elastic properties, and excellent solution processability. Recent efforts have primarily focused on rationally tuning the piezoelectric performance of these materials through the molecular predesign of organic components. However, the regulation of piezoelectric properties via the central metal ion has remained relatively underexplored.

HuR enhances the stability of FGF19 mRNA to suppress Kupffer cell activation and mitigate inflammation and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

This study explores how human antigen R (HuR) stabilizes fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) mRNA, inhibiting Kupffer cell (KC) activation to reduce inflammation and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An animal model of NAFLD was established in mice by administering a high-fat diet (HFD). In vitro study utilized a lipopolysaccharide-induced immortalized mouse KC model.

Differences in the Corneal Biomechanical Responses to LASIK and KLEx Based on Parametric Numerical Simulation.

Purpose: To use parametric numerical simulation to characterize and compare the differences in corneal biomechanical responses to laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) under various surgical settings.

Methods: The Finite Element Model was used in a parametric study to evaluate corneal biomechanical responses to LASIK and KLEx, considering variations in preoperative corneal thickness, corneal flap/cap thickness and diameter, refractive correction, and optical zone diameter. Surgery-induced stress, displacement, and interface contact pressure were compared between LASIK and KLEx using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Photobreeding Method for Direct Construction and Continuous Tuning of Strong Metal-Support Interactions at Room Temperature.

The construction of strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) is an effective strategy to enhance and control heterogeneous catalysts. However, conventional methods require pre-synthesized metal-loaded catalysts, followed by SMSI formation via high-temperature treatment under oxidative/reductive atmospheres, adsorbate-mediated treatment, and photo-treatment, adding complexity to catalyst synthesis and hindering continuous interfacial tuning. In this work, a "photobreeding" method is employed to treat ZnCdS, leveraging the UV-induced photochromic reaction of ZnS to generate metallic Zn at room temperature, while CdS remains inert.

Vitamin D Binding Protein, a Ligand of Integrin beta 1, Motivates Both Tumor Cells and Schwann Cells to Promote Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common pathological characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), closely linked to postoperative recurrence, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms that govern PNI in PDAC remain poorly elucidated. Here, group-specific component protein (GC) is identified as one of the most significantly upregulated genes related to PNI, primarily derived from malignant ductal cells compared to other cell types.

An Indirect Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy for Seven Different SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assays: A Meta-Analysis and Adjusted Indirect Comparison of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.

Objectives: This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of seven different commercial serological assays for COVID-19, using RT-PCR as the gold standard, through meta-analysis and indirect comparison.

Methods: Fifty-seven studies, published from November 2019 to June 2024, were included. The diagnostic performance of IgA, IgG, and total antibody assays for SARS-CoV-2 was assessed.

REM Density, Leg Movements, and REM Sleep without Atonia: Differentiating Type 1 from Type 2 Narcolepsy Through Polysomnographic Analysis, a Preliminary Study.

Objective: This study aimed to identify distinct REM sleep characteristics that differentiate type 1 narcolepsy (NT1) from type 2 narcolepsy (NT2) using polysomnography (PSG), while acknowledging the need for future validation against other hypersomnia disorders.

Methods: A retrospective review included 31 patients with NT1, 21 patients with NT2, and 24 healthy participants. Each participant underwent overnight PSG and a subsequent multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) to assess REM sleep parameters including average REM density, neck myoclonus index, and leg movement index.

Interface Engineering Based on Naphthyl Isomerization for High-Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: Theoretical Simulation and Experimental Research.

Perovskites have a large number of intrinsic defects and interface defects, which often lead to non-radiative recombination, and thus affect the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Introducing appropriate passivators between the perovskite layer and the transport layer for defect modification is crucial for improving the performance of PSCs. Herein, two positional isomers, 1-naphthylmethylammonium iodide (NMAI) and 2-naphthylmethylammonium iodide (NYAI) are designed.

Calibration Transfer of Deep Learning Models among Multiple Raman Spectrometers via Low-Rank Adaptation.

While deep learning-enhanced Raman spectroscopy enables rapid sample analysis, model portability among spectrometers remains hindered by systematic interdevice variations. In this study, a Low-Rank Adaptation-based Calibration Transfer method (LoRA-CT) is proposed to perform parameter-efficient fine-tuning of deep learning models across spectrometers. By decomposing weight updates into low-rank matrices, LoRA-CT achieves superior calibration transfer with minimal samples, reducing trainable parameters by 600× compared to full parameter fine-tuning.

Amivantamab Plus Chemotherapy in Japanese Patients With EGFR Exon 20 Insertions NSCLC.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations (EGFR Exon 20ins) are the third most common mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are associated with a poorer prognosis and resistance to conventional EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This subpopulation analysis of the open-label phase 3 trial (PAPILLION) evaluates the efficacy and safety of amivantamab-chemotherapy versus chemotherapy among Japanese patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with EGFR Exon 20ins mutation (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04538664).

Developing the FIGO-IPPS "R U MOVVING SOMe" classification system for female chronic pelvic pain.

The goal was to develop a pragmatic classification system for conditions associated with chronic pelvic pain (CPP), aiming to enhance diagnosis, management, education, and research of CPP. An international, multidisciplinary panel participated in a modified RAND/UCLA Delphi consensus. This panel included healthcare professionals, medical society representatives, experts, individuals with lived experience of pain, advocacy groups, researchers, educators, and journal editors.

Dietary methionine regulation of cognitive function: Evidence, mechanisms, and implementation strategies.

Cognitive disorders, a rapidly growing public health concern, can be prevented by a healthy diet. Several studies have shown that protein intake is a key modulator of cognitive function. The development of precision nutrition has allowed the study of specific amino acids within proteins, with many studies reporting that the level of methionine (Met) intake plays a central role in modulating cognitive function.

Central Hepatectomy as an Alternative: A Comparative Study with Conventional Major Hepatectomy for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Right-sided hepatectomy (RH) is the standard surgical approach for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) due to anatomical considerations but is associated with a high risk of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). Left-sided hepatectomy (LH) and central hepatectomy (CH) have been proposed as alternative strategies to preserve liver function, but the feasibility and outcomes of CH have not been sufficiently investigated. CH allows for greater preservation of liver parenchyma, potentially reducing the risk of PHLF.

Association between vitamin K intake and periodontitis in American elderly population: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.

Background: An increasing amount of data has been acquired on the close relationship between Vitamin K intake and the progression of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to estimate whether Vitamin K intake is associated with periodontitis among older adults in America using information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of data on periodontal indices and vitamin K intake among American adults aged 60 years and older in the 2009-2014 NHANES database was extracted.

Distribution of nailfold videocapillaroscopy parameters in systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with disease activity: an international blinded case-control analysis on behalf of the EULAR study group on microcirculation in rheumatic diseases.

Objectives: To evaluate whether patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have different nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) findings compared with healthy controls (HCs) and whether there is an association between NVC abnormalities and disease activity, clinical and/or laboratory features in SLE.

Methods: This is an observational, multicentre, international, matched case-control study. 381 subjects (203 patients with SLE and 178 HCs) were enrolled from 16 centres in 10 countries.

Delineating coronary epicardial stenosis status from microvascular dysfunction using pressure-drop coefficient from multicenter ILIAS registry.

Introduction: Pressure-based fractional flow reserve (FFR) and flow-based coronary flow reserve (CFR) assess the functional status of coronary artery disease (CAD) during cardiac catheterization. Complex hemodynamics may not be adequately explained by either pressure or flow alone. Consequently, pressure-drop coefficient (CDP, the ratio between pressure-drop across a stenosis and distal dynamic pressure) that combines both pressure and flow measurements has been developed to distinguish between epicardial stenosis (ES) and microvascular disease (MVD).

Muricholic acid mediates puberty initiation via the hypothalamic TGR5 signaling pathway.

The onset of puberty is increasingly observed at earlier ages in children, especially in girls with obesity, a trend that predisposes them to long-term metabolic and reproductive disorders in adulthood. Bile acids have emerged as pivotal signaling molecules in both metabolic and reproductive disorders, but remain unexplored in the early onset of puberty in children. Herein, we find elevated levels of muricholic acid (MCA) species in the serum of girls with central precocious puberty, which strongly correlate with indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation and can reach peak levels during puberty among healthy children.

Assessing the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among pediatric patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital, Malawi.

Introduction: Severe bacterial infections cause significant disease burden in developing countries, including Malawi. The situation is compounded by the scarcity of resources, inconsistent availability of antibiotics, and increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Methodology: This was a descriptive retrospective study where we analyzed blood culture results of pediatric patients admitted to Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi.

Large B cell lymphoma microenvironment archetype profiles.

Large B cell lymphomas (LBCL) are clinically and biologically heterogeneous lymphoid malignancies with complex microenvironments that are central to disease etiology. Here, we have employed single-nucleus multiome profiling of 232 tumor and control biopsies to characterize diverse cell types and subsets that are present in LBCL tumors, effectively capturing the lymphoid, myeloid, and non-hematopoietic cell compartments. Cell subsets co-occurred in stereotypical lymphoma microenvironment archetype profiles (LymphoMAPs) defined by; (1) a sparsity of T cells and high frequencies of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages (FMAC); (2) lymph node architectural cell types with naive and memory T cells (LN); or (3) activated macrophages and exhausted CD8 T cells (TEX).

Accurate tacrolimus monitoring by dual peripherally inserted central catheters in allogeneic HSCT.

Introduction: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) requires reliable vascular access for medication, transfusion, and blood sampling, which often involves painful venipuncture. This prospective study evaluated a novel dual peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) technique to reduce venipuncture frequency in allo-HSCT recipients.

Methods: The study enrolled 29 allo-HSCT recipients.

Knowledge mapping of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: a bibliometric analysis (2004-2023).

Background: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specialized subset of dendritic cells known for their ability to produce type I interferon (IFN I), contributing to antiviral defense and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In SLE patients, pDCs are excessively activated, leading to overproduction of IFN-α, which plays a critical role in disease progression. However, no bibliometric analysis has been conducted on the relationship between pDCs and SLE.