Tirzepatide for the Maintenance of Body Weight Reduction: Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics of SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN.

Objective: SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reducing the tirzepatide dose and/or continuing the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) versus placebo in maintaining body weight (BW) reduction achieved with tirzepatide MTD.

Methods: This Phase 3b, multicenter, randomized, parallel-arm, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 52-week clinical trial is in progress comparing treatment with once weekly tirzepatide (5 mg and/or MTD of 15 mg or 10 mg) versus placebo in achieving BW reduction maintenance from the initial 60-week open-label weight-loss period on tirzepatide MTD, in adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m or ≥ 27 kg/m with ≥ 1 obesity-related comorbidity, excluding type 2 diabetes). The primary endpoint is percent maintenance of BW reduction achieved during the weight-loss period at Week 112 among those who reached a BW plateau (i.

Attitudes and perceptions of biomedical journal editors in chief towards the use of artificial intelligence chatbots in the scholarly publishing process: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Artificial intelligence chatbots (AICs) are designed to mimic human conversations through text or speech, offering both opportunities and challenges in scholarly publishing. While journal policies of AICs are becoming more defined, there is still a limited understanding of how Editors in chief (EiCs) of biomedical journals' view these tools. This survey examined EiCs' attitudes and perceptions, highlighting positive aspects, such as language and grammar support, and concerns regarding setup time, training requirements, and ethical considerations towards the use of AICs in the scholarly publishing process.

Insights Into the Separate and Joint Effects of Cadmium and Cesium on the Risk of Circadian Syndrome and the Underlying Mechanism: An Integrated Epidemiological and Network Toxicological Study.

The uncharted effects of cadmium and cesium on circadian syndrome (CircS), an emerging circadian rhythm disorder drawing considerable attention, and underlying mechanisms warrant exigent elaboration. Data of 11141 subjects from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018 were incorporated to investigate separate-, joint-/interaction-, and mixture-effects of urinary cadmium and cesium on prevalent CircS risk exploiting survey weight regression and quantile g-computation. The underlying mechanisms were probed by network toxicological analysis.

Supporting decision making for individuals living with dementia and their care partners with knowledge translation: An umbrella review.

Living with dementia requires decision making about numerous topics including daily activities and advance care planning (ACP). Both individuals living with dementia and care partners require informed support for decision making. We conducted an umbrella review to assess knowledge translation (KT) interventions supporting decision making for individuals living with dementia and their informal care partners.

[Complex trauma: A theoretical and clinical approach].

The concept of complex trauma (or developmental trauma) has been proposed to refer both to chronic exposure to interpersonal experiences in children and adolescents and to the constellation of possible sequelae that cause significant difficulties throughout life. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the theoretical and clinical approaches to complex trauma in order to better understand the scope of this concept. Through a review of the literature, this chapter outlines the historical evolution of this concept, its current definition, the diagnostic issues involved, and the preferred directions for its future use in research and clinical practice.

Inflammatory bowel disease vs. adverse in-hospital outcomes after radical prostatectomy.

Introduction: The effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on adverse in-hospital outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is not well known.

Materials And Methods: Descriptive analyses, propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models were used within the National Inpatient Sample (2000-2019) RP patients, after stratification according to Crohn's disease (CD) vs. ulcerative colitis (UC) vs.

ASAS recommendations on reporting axial spondyloarthritis clinical trials.

Objectives: This study aims to develop recommendations on reporting baseline features and outcomes from axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) clinical trials based on the recently updated instrument set of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) core outcome set (COS).

Methods: A steering group (SG) convened a workgroup (WG), consisting of 13 ASAS members including rheumatologists, methodologists, epidemiologists, and 2 Young ASAS members. Recommendations on reporting axSpA trials baseline features and outcomes were developed in 3 steps: (1) the SG identified relevant baseline features from key axSpA clinical trials and formulated a proposal on how outcomes related to the instruments in the ASAS COS should be presented.

Novel ultrafine Pt@Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme enables robust aflatoxin B1 immunoassay in diverse marine and agricultural systems.

Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stands among the most toxic naturally occurring substances, with its acute toxicity characterized by the induction of acute hepatic necrosis, hemorrhage, and even fatal outcomes, thereby posing a profound threat to human health. Contamination of AFB1 in food commodities can arise at multiple stages throughout the production cycle, including cultivation, storage, and processing. This contamination cascade permeates the entire food supply chain, encompassing primary agricultural products as well as a diverse range of processed food items.

["Cultural safety": what decolonization of nursing are we talking about?].

"Cultural Safety, a decolonizing approach critical of the research conceptual frameworks and of care practices in nursing, has enjoyed since its emergence in the 1990s a growing success in New Zealand, Australia and Canada. Being reworked and adapted to new contexts, its political dimension however loses its importance, raising concerns about Cultural Safety's potential for systemic transformation and the fight against health inequalities affecting Indigenous peoples. At the heart of this debate lies the question of "culture" as a means of patient emancipation vis-à-vis the norms of the dominant society and the expertise of caregivers, a debate we seek to clarify in this article.

Current Biosecurity Practices in the Handling and Sampling of Cervids: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Effective biosecurity practices are essential for mitigating the risks of pathogen transmission in human-wildlife interactions, yet it is unclear how infection control policies are put into action by those working with wildlife. We evaluated biosecurity practices among professionals working with cervids in the US and Canada via an electronic survey conducted between March 2024 and June 2024. The objectives were to identify pathogens of concern, describe current biosecurity protocols, evaluate the appropriateness of disinfecting practices, and explore associations between biosecurity practices and factors such as profession, regional disease status, and the nature of interactions with cervids.

Surgical Reconstruction Techniques for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears Provide Functional Improvement but Variable Failure Rates: A Systematic Review.

Introduction/objectives: Irreparable subscapularis tears can cause severe functional impairment and present significant clinical challenges. Current treatment options include tendon transfers (TTs), anterior capsular reconstruction, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Each approach has distinct biomechanical advantages and limitations, but there remains no consensus regarding the optimal treatment.

A Dual-Target Real-time PCR for proactive detection of Mpox variants.

In 2022, cases of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) in California contained a mutation in the TNF receptor gene (GR2G) that rendered the virus undetectable using a widely adopted public health diagnostic qPCR assay. This underscored the need for a dual-target PCR approach and prompted validation of a second target by the BCCDC Public Health Laboratory. In addition to the GR2G target validated in the original qPCR assay (and duplexed with the endogenous target human β-globin (HBG)), GP113 (OPG128) was identified and validated using both clinical samples and MPXV DNA controls.

Visual Acuity Outcomes After Trans Scleral Cyclophotocoagulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Topic: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate best-corrected visual acuity (VA) outcomes following transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) in patients with refractory glaucoma.

Clinical Relevance: TSCPC is typically reserved for cases of refractory glaucoma, due to apprehension of negative affects on VA. Prior studies have reported the VA outcomes from TSCPC, but no comprehensive review of the literature has yet been conducted.

The risk of retinal detachment following Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1 Implantation: Insights from a Retrospective case review.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, management strategies, and visual outcomes of retinal detachment (RD) following Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1 (KPro) implantation.

Design: Single-center, retrospective observational case series.

Methods: Medical records of 157 eyes from 122 adult patients who underwent Boston Type 1 KPro implantation at a tertiary care center between 2008 and 2022 were reviewed.

Enzymatic and mechanical disruption before successive photodynamic therapy targets the extracellular matrix of Candida albicans.

Objective: To evaluate whether pretreatment strategies targeting the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as DNase I and low-frequency ultrasound, enhance the efficacy of successive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against Candida albicans biofilms and to assess the effects on biofilm components.

Methods: Forty-eight-hour C. albicans (ATCC 90028) biofilms were treated under four conditions: (I) aPDT [Photodithazine (PDZ) (25 mg/L) for 20 min + Light-Emitting Diode (LED) (660 nm, 18 J/cm²)], (II) DNase+aPDT [5 min with 20 U/mL DNase I before aPDT], (III) sonication+aPDT [7 W, 170-190 J before aPDT], (IV) Dn+So+aPDT.

Can I get an abortion without my parents' permission? Publicly available information about age and parental consent for abortion in Canada.

Objectives: Investigate availability and clarity of online abortion access information in Canada and identify, through the lens of a minor, if websites provide a clear answer to: "Can I get an abortion without my parents' permission?"

Methods: Using ChoiceConnect, 139 abortion providers and 17 health resource websites were identified for analysis. Provider information was searched to discover associated website. Identified websites were searched using Boolean operators for plain-language keywords on abortion access for minors ('abortion,' 'consent,' 'permission,' 'parent,' or 'age,') followed by manual searches.

The association of sleep-related issues with chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain incidence in U.S. adults: a 1-year representative cohort study.

In this longitudinal cohort study, we used nationally representative data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey (n = 7,826 for chronic pain; n = 9,195 for high-impact chronic pain [HICP]) to examine the association of trouble sleeping and tiredness with 1-year incidence of chronic pain and HICP in U.

MRI versus CT before endovascular thrombectomy in the early time window: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Selection of acute stroke patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) within 6 h from symptom onset can be done using MRI or CT. However, association of either imaging modality with better clinical outcomes or shorter workflow times is still not fully understood.

Methods: We searched Medline and Ovid-Embase for studies comparing outcomes and workflow metrics between patients selected for EVT using CT or MRI from inception to November 30, 2024.

Simulating at-sensor hyperspectral satellite data for inland water algal blooms.

Hyperspectral data have been overshadowed by multispectral data for studying algal blooms for decades. However, newer hyperspectral missions, including the recent Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), are opening the doors to accessible hyperspectral data, at spatial and temporal resolutions comparable to ocean color and multispectral missions. Simulation studies can help to understand the potential of these hyperspectral sensors prior to launch and without extensive field data collection.

Pecking block use at individual level is associated with improved eggshell quality and keel fractures in laying hens.

Laying hens possess a calcium-specific appetite that intensifies towards lights out to meet the high demands for eggshell formation and skeletal maintenance. Pecking blocks (PBs) are edible enrichments that can serve as an additional calcium source. We explored the relationships between PB preference (PBp), PB use, keel fracture status (KS), and eggshell quality.

Maladaptive role of peridroplet mitochondria during lipophagy disruption in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells exhibit high metabolic flexibility, enabling survival under glucose limitation by using alternative fuels such as fatty acids. Lipophagy, a selective form of autophagy targeting lipid droplets (LDs), supports mitochondrial respiration during such nutrient stress. Our previous study demonstrated that the LSD1 inhibitor SP-2509 disrupts lipophagy independently of LSD1 inhibition, leading to LD accumulation and ATP depletion in glycolysis-suppressed PDAC cells.

Most landfill methane emissions Escape detection in EPA21 surface emission monitoring surveys.

We measured emissions from ten landfills using mobile surveys and Surface Emission Monitoring (SEM) to determine what fraction of emissions can be identified by SEM surveys. SEM is commonly used for regulatory compliance and leak detection at specific locations. However, evolving regulations emphasize the need to manage methane emissions from the entire landfill site, and the suitability of SEM for this objective remains unclear.

Neurophysiological impact of childhood sexual abuse in men: A diffusion tensor imaging study.

Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can cause lasting neurodevelopmental changes, posing significant challenges for survivors. Its specific impact on men remains heavily stigmatized and under-researched. This study examined neurophysiological correlates of CSA in men using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).