MRI versus CT before endovascular thrombectomy in the early time window: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Selection of acute stroke patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) within 6 h from symptom onset can be done using MRI or CT. However, association of either imaging modality with better clinical outcomes or shorter workflow times is still not fully understood.

Methods: We searched Medline and Ovid-Embase for studies comparing outcomes and workflow metrics between patients selected for EVT using CT or MRI from inception to November 30, 2024.

Development of Optimized Exatecan-Based Immunoconjugates with Potent Antitumor Efficacy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

The prognosis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer has significantly improved with the advent of anti-HER2 therapies, especially antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). In this field, ADCs, like trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), using camptothecin analogs, represent a promising strategy. However, T-DXd can induce resistance and serious adverse effects, potentially driven by a non-specific Fcγ receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Cold vs. CO₂: anaesthetic effects on insect antennal functionality.

Anaesthesia methods play a crucial role in ensuring the integrity of the animal during experimental studies. This study investigates the impact of two anaesthesia methods, CO₂ and cold treatment, on an insect antennal response to synthetic alarm pheromone compounds. Adult worker hornets were anesthetised, and their antennae excised and tested using an electroantennography set-up with controlled stimulation of alarm pheromone components.

Therapeutic drug monitoring education: The current state.

Aims: To evaluate available information on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) education programmes and their implementation across different countries.

Methods: The study was performed in two phases. First, a scoping review of scientific literature on available education programmes was performed.

Differentiated short- and long-term impacts of a starter stimbiotic supplementation on gut health in broilers fed wheat and rye-based diets at homeostasis and under challenge.

The postnatal period, covering roughly the first 10 days post-hatch, is critical for early development of the digestive tract in poultry. This period is characterized by high plasticity of the digestive tract, offering a unique window in which to shape digestive phenotypes toward improved nutrient absorption efficiency, enhanced gut health, and optimized microbiota composition. Feed additives, such as xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs), are known to modulate digestive physiology, especially the gut microbiota, which could, in turn, influence the outcome of infections within the gastrointestinal tract.

Fractional flow reserve vs angiography to guide percutaneous coronary intervention: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with angiography-guided PCI in different clinical settings, yielding mixed results. This individual patient data meta-analysis focused on trials where FFR was used to assess intermediate coronary lesions in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) or non-culprit vessels in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS).

Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing FFR- vs angiography-guided PCI with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were searched.

From prejudice to pride: how to prevent medical student relocation.

Introduction: Attracting and retaining physicians in rural and medically underserved areas is a global challenge. In France, undergraduate medical students must do their professional training in the region where they attend school. Many students from rural underserved areas register at distant schools, thereby precluding training in their region of origin.

Social support, financial status, and depression among French healthcare workers one year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Early studies on factors associated with depressive symptoms among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic were primarily related to working conditions and exposure to the pandemic. Despite the socio-economic impact of the pandemic, research focusing on factors related to social support and financial situation was scarce.

Objectives: This study investigated the association between HCWs' financial and social support, and the presence of depressive symptoms in France one year after the pandemic's onset.

Selective inhibition of cathepsin S elastolytic activity by exopolysaccharides from deep-sea hydrothermal bacteria.

Human cathepsin S (CatS) constitutes a key orchestrator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Recent evidence suggest that CatS inhibition is a valuable therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases that are characterized by an excessive degradation of insoluble elastin, a process in which CatS contributes significantly when it is overexpressed. Here, we report novel findings that highlight the inhibition of CatS by two low-molecular weight highly sulphated exopolysaccharides (EPS), named diabolican (Dia) and infernan (Inf), derived from two marine bacterial strains Vibrio diabolicus and Alteromonas infernus, respectively.

Freeze-Cast Porous Textured BaTiO-Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting Applications.

Porous piezoelectric ceramics exhibit a unique combination of high piezoelectric charge coefficients ( ) and low permittivity compared to their dense counterparts, which is desirable for achieving high piezosensing and energy harvesting performance. A further enhancement in performance can be achieved by inducing crystallographic texturing within the porous lead-free piezoceramic matrix while maintaining the aligned porous structure. Here, we report a process demonstrating the use of directional freeze-casting of BaTiO platelets to fabricate lead-free porous textured BaTiO ceramics with highly aligned porosity.

Effectiveness of intravenous infliximab versus subcutaneous adalimumab in Takayasu arteritis: multicenter retrospective study.

Objectives: In this large multicentre study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of intravenous infliximab vs subcutaneous adalimumab in patients with Takayasu arteritis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentre study across referral centers in France, Italy, Spain, Armenia, Israel, Japan, Tunisia, and Russia, analyzing biological-targeted therapies in TAK from January 2017 to September 2019.

Results: A total of 135 TAK patients who received adalimumab (n = 34) or infliximab (n = 101) for at least 3 months were included.

Infectious morbi-mortality in thoracic surgery after major resections.

Background: Eight thousand major pulmonary resections are performed annually in France for bronchopulmonary cancer. This surgery is associated with a significant mortality rate, estimated at 3% within 30 days, mainly due to infectious pulmonary complications. In recent series, early mortality reaches 12.

Dynamic Mosaicity Modulates Ion Transport in Stimuli-Responsive Liquid Crystal Electrolytes.

Structural mosaicity and defects are ubiquitous across materials and critically influence functional properties, from semiconductors to biological membranes. In soft matter electrolytes, these features remain difficult to probe and exploit due to complex synthesis and limited long-range structural order. A dimensionally tunable model system based on thermotropic ionic liquid crystals (TILCs) is introduced to investigate the interplay between structural mosaicity and ion transport.

F-actin disassembly by the oxidoreductase MICAL1 promotes mechano-dependent VWF-GPIbα interaction in platelets.

Mechano-dependent interactions are key to thrombus formation and hemostasis, enabling stable platelet adhesion to injured vessels. The interaction between von Willebrand factor (VWF) and the platelet receptor GPIb-IX-V is central to this process. While GPIbα connects to the actin cytoskeleton, whether actin dynamics are important for GPIbα function under hemodynamic, high shear conditions remains largely unknown.

Refined genotype-phenotype correlations in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients with point variants.

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most frequent genetic disorders. NF1 is caused by dominant loss-of-function pathogenic variants (PVs) of the tumour-suppressor gene , which encodes neurofibromin, a negative regulator of rat sarcoma proteins. NF1 is an autosomal dominant disorder with complete penetrance, but a highly variable expression.

Human Papillomavirus Infection Is a Favorable Prognostic Factor for Patients With Stages I to IVA Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma but not Adenocarcinoma.

With its 2 distinct histological subtypes (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] and adenocarcinoma [ADC]), its increasing incidence in both high- and low-income countries and its elevated 5-year mortality rate, esophageal cancer still represents a significant global health challenge. Although the implication of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) in both anogenital and head and neck carcinogenesis is well-established, the association between these mucosotropic viruses and esophageal cancers has been a subject of debate for nearly 2 decades. In an effort to resolve this unclear situation and advance precision medicine, data from a large cohort of 378 patients diagnosed with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma (SCC [n = 226] and ADC [n = 152]) over a 20-year period were collected and thoroughly characterized (at clinical, histopathological, immunological, and virological levels).

Exploring airway biological barriers: Implications for IgG-based therapeutics in respiratory infections.

Despite the considerable value of prophylactic vaccines and post-exposure antimicrobials, respiratory infections represent a huge burden. The control of bacterial respiratory infections is compromised by the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance, which underscores the requirement for alternative or complementary interventions. Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-infective IgG-based therapeutics can have an important role in tackling pathogens, and that inhalation is a promising route to target respiratory infections in the lung.

Unpacking fitness differences between two invaders in a multispecies context.

Ecosystems are constantly exposed to newcoming strains or species. Which newcomer will be able to invade a resident multi-species community depends on the invader's relative fitness. Classical fitness differences between two growing strains are measured using the exponential model.

The DRN-VLO pathway via distinct 5-HT synaptic mechanisms modulates neuropathic pain-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice.

Background: The neuronal activities within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) are strongly implicated in the development of depression, a condition comorbid with chronic pain. The goal of the present study was to determine whether and how the DRN-VLO pathway mediates chronic pain-induced depression.

Methods: Trigeminal neuralgia was induced unilaterally by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve.

Characteristics and outcomes of ICU patients with sepsis transmitted by cats and dogs: the PETSEPSIS multicentre retrospective observational cohort study.

Background: Millions of households have cats or dogs as pets, and infections due to bites or scratches are increasing, with the most common pathogens being spp., spp., spp, and .

Comparison of Inner Ear Volume Between Humans and Sheep Using MRI.

Purpose: In preclinical research, animals are used to perform clinical experiments. The use of large animals with human-like anatomies and structural size appears to be essential. For auditory function research, we needed to identify an animal model whose dimensions are close to those of the human inner ear for future research.

Combined use of a multiplex PCR and serum procalcitonin to reduce antibiotic exposure in critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia: the MULTI-CAP randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) testing has the potential to rapidly and accurately identify causative microorganisms in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Its use in a management strategy, along with biomarkers, may reduce antibiotic exposure and improve clinical outcomes.

Methods: The MULTI-CAP trial was a multicenter (n = 20), parallel-group, superiority, open-label, randomized trial.

Expert Perspectives on Incorporating GLP-1 RA in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease - Challenges and Opportunities.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex and progressive condition ultimately leading to premature death. Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. Up till 2024, international clinical guidelines have established three therapeutic pillars to delay CKD progression in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D): renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and the non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone.