A 2D-3D Perovskite Memristor-Based Light-Induced Sensitized Neuron for Visual Information Processing.

Implementing Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons in hardware is poised to enable the creation of efficient, low-power spiking neural networks (SNNs). This is attributed to the ability of LIF neurons to mimic the rapid response and sensitivity of biological neurons, thereby reducing unnecessary computational resources. The fixed firing frequency of conventional LIF neurons limits their adaptability to complex, dynamic environments.

Synthesis of a global daily average gapless land surface temperature dataset from 2003 to 2018.

Land Surface Temperature (LST) plays a crucial role in research in the fields of energy balance, hydrology, meteorology, geography, and ecology, serving as a significant input indicator of widespread interest. Remote sensing LST is one of the most widely used and applied methods. However, due to factors such as cloud, remote sensing LST data often exhibit a significant number of missing values, which can pose challenges to its application.

Bioinspired Adaptive Sensors: A Review on Current Developments in Theory and Application.

The human perception system features many dynamic functional mechanisms that efficiently process the large amount of sensory information available in the surrounding environment. In this system, sensory adaptation operates as a core mechanism that seamlessly filters familiar and inconsequential external stimuli at sensory endpoints. Such adaptive filtering minimizes redundant data movement between sensory terminals and cortical processing units and contributes to a lower communication bandwidth requirement and lower energy consumption at the system level.

Self-powered artificial vibrissal system with anemotaxis behavior.

Anemotaxis behaviors inspired by rats have tremendous potential in efficiently processing perilous search and rescue operations in the physical world, but there is still lack of hardware components that can efficiently sense, encode, and recognize wind signal. Here, we report an artificial vibrissal system consisting of a self-powered carbon black sensor and threshold-switching HfO memristor. By integrating a forming HfO memristor with a self-powered angle-detecting hydro-voltaic sensor, the spiking sensory neuron can synchronously perceive and encode wind, humidity, and temperature signals into spikes with different frequencies.

Challenges and Opportunities of Upconversion Nanoparticles for Emerging NIR Optoelectronic Devices.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), incorporating lanthanide (Ln) dopants, can convert low-energy near-infrared photons into higher-energy visible or ultraviolet light through nonlinear energy transfer processes. This distinctive feature has attracted considerable attention in both fundamental research and advanced optoelectronics. Challenges such as low energy-conversion efficiency and nonradiative losses limit the performance of UCNP-based optoelectronic devices.

Two-Dimensional Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Based Optoelectronic Synaptic Transistor.

Neuromorphic computing systems that integrate memory and computation offer a solution to the limitations of traditional von Neumann architectures. Optoelectronic synaptic transistors, responding to both optical and electrical signals, enable multifunctional operation with low power consumption. However, challenges such as short data retention and low processing efficiency remain.

Enhanced Ion Transport Through Organized Cadmium Carbonate Nanocrystals in Collagen Fibrils for Efficient Biological Memristors.

Owing to the unique assembly of collagen molecules, collagen fibrils have a confined structure that can effectively guide the intrafibrillar-oriented growth of inorganic crystals, such as hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate. However, utilizing this organized structure of mineralized collagen fibrils for rapid ion transport remains challenging. Herein, the oriented growth of functional cadmium carbonate (CdCO) nanocrystals is reported within collagen fibrils and demonstrates that different areas within a single mineralized collagen fibril exhibit a uniform orientation.

MXene-Based Flexible Memory and Neuromorphic Devices.

As the age of the Internet of Things (IoTs) unfolds, along with the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), traditional von Neumann-based computing systems encounter significant challenges in handling vast amounts of data storage and processing. Bioinspired neuromorphic computing strategies offer a promising solution, characterized by features of in-memory computing, massively parallel processing, and event-driven operations. Compared to traditional rigid silicon-based devices, flexible neuromorphic devices are lightweight, thin, and highly stretchable, garnering considerable attention.

Nanomaterials for Flexible Neuromorphics.

The quest to imbue machines with intelligence akin to that of humans, through the development of adaptable neuromorphic devices and the creation of artificial neural systems, has long stood as a pivotal goal in both scientific inquiry and industrial advancement. Recent advancements in flexible neuromorphic electronics primarily rely on nanomaterials and polymers owing to their inherent uniformity, superior mechanical and electrical capabilities, and versatile functionalities. However, this field is still in its nascent stage, necessitating continuous efforts in materials innovation and device/system design.

An Antagonistic Photovoltaic Memristor for Bioinspired Active Contrast Adaptation.

Machine vision systems that consist of cameras and image-processing components for visual inspection and identification tasks play a critical role in various intelligent applications, including pilotless vehicles and surveillance systems. However, current systems usually possess a limited dynamic range and fixed photoresponsivity, restricting their capability of gaining high-fidelity images when encoding a high-contrast scene. Here, it is shown that a photovoltaic memristor incorporating two antagonistic photovoltaic junctions can autonomously adjust its response to varying light stimuli, enabling the amplification of shadows and inhibition of highlight saturation.

A Near-Infrared Retinomorphic Device with High Dimensionality Reservoir Expression.

Physical reservoir-based reservoir computing (RC) systems for intelligent perception have recently gained attention because they require fewer computing resources. However, the system remains limited in infrared (IR) machine vision, including materials and physical reservoir expression power. Inspired by biological visual perception systems, the study proposes a near-infrared (NIR) retinomorphic device that simultaneously perceives and encodes narrow IR spectral information (at ≈980 nm).

Discovery and design of an aptamer that inhibits Shiga toxin type 2 activity by blocking Stx2 B subunit-Gb3 interaction.

Shiga toxin (Stx) is the definitive virulence factor of Stx-producing Escherichia coli. This bacterial pathogen can contaminate food and threaten human health. Binding of the B subunit of Stx to the specific receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) on the cell membrane is a key step for Stx to enter cells and exert its toxicity.

Development of Bio-Voltage Operated Humidity-Sensory Neurons Comprising Self-Assembled Peptide Memristors.

Biomimetic humidity sensors offer a low-power approach for respiratory monitoring in early lung-disease diagnosis. However, balancing miniaturization and energy efficiency remains challenging. This study addresses this issue by introducing a bioinspired humidity-sensing neuron comprising a self-assembled peptide nanowire (NW) memristor with unique proton-coupled ion transport.

Dual-color nanospheres based on aggregation-induced emission and catalytic hairpin assembly for simultaneous imaging of acrylamide and miR-21 in living cells.

Acrylamide (AA) is a heat-processed potent food carcinogen that is widely used in industry, posing a significant risk to human health. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the toxic effects and mechanism of AA. miR-21 is a representative biomarker during AA-induced carcinogenesis.

Hierarchies in Visual Pathway: Functions and Inspired Artificial Vision.

The development of artificial intelligence has posed a challenge to machine vision based on conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits owing to its high latency and inefficient power consumption originating from the data shuffling between memory and computation units. Gaining more insights into the function of every part of the visual pathway for visual perception can bring the capabilities of machine vision in terms of robustness and generality. Hardware acceleration of more energy-efficient and biorealistic artificial vision highly necessitates neuromorphic devices and circuits that are able to mimic the function of each part of the visual pathway.

Biocompatible Material-Based Flexible Biosensors: From Materials Design to Wearable/Implantable Devices and Integrated Sensing Systems.

Human beings have a greater need to pursue life and manage personal or family health in the context of the rapid growth of artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, and 5G/6G technologies. The application of micro biosensing devices is crucial in connecting technology and personalized medicine. Here, the progress and current status from biocompatible inorganic materials to organic materials and composites are reviewed and the material-to-device processing is described.

Laser Irradiation Effect on the p-GaSe/n-HfS PN-Heterojunction for High-Performance Phototransistors.

Two-dimensional (2D)-based PN-heterojunction revealed a promising future of atomically thin optoelectronics with diverse functionalities in different environments. Herein, we reported a p-GaSe/n-HfS van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure for high-performance photodetectors and investigated the laser irradiation effect on the fabricated device. The fabricated 2D vdW heterostructure revealed a high photoresponsivity of 1 × 10 A W with a photocurrent value of 377 nA due to unique type-II band alignment and enhanced surface potential under light illumination, which is further confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

View-Consistency Learning for Incomplete Multiview Clustering.

In this article, we present a novel general framework for incomplete multi-view clustering by integrating graph learning and spectral clustering. In our model, a tensor low-rank constraint are introduced to learn a stable low-dimensional representation, which encodes the complementary information and takes into account the cluster structure between different views. A corresponding algorithm associated with augmented Lagrangian multipliers is established.

Memristor-based biomimetic compound eye for real-time collision detection.

The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) is the movement-sensitive, wide-field visual neuron positioned in the third visual neuropile of lobula. LGMD neuron can anticipate collision and trigger avoidance efficiently owing to the earlier occurring firing peak before collision. Vision chips inspired by the LGMD have been successfully implemented in very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) system.

Near-Infrared Artificial Synapses for Artificial Sensory Neuron System.

The computing based on artificial neuron network is expected to break through the von Neumann bottleneck of traditional computer, and to greatly improve the computing efficiency, displaying a broad prospect in the application of artificial visual system. In the specific structural layout, it is a common method to connect the discrete photodetector with the artificial neuron in series, which enhances the complexity of signal recognition, conversion and storage. In this work, organic small molecule IR-780 iodide is inserted into the memory device as both the charge trapping layer and near-infrared (NIR) photoresponsive film.

Rabies Virus-Induced Autophagy Is Dependent on Viral Load in BV2 Cells.

An increasing number of studies are showing that autophagy plays a vital role in viral replication and escape. Rabies virus (RABV), a typical neurotropic virus, has been proven to induce autophagy in neurons. However, there are no reports indicating that RABV can cause autophagy in other cells of the central nervous system.

Emerging MXenes for Functional Memories.

MXenes are a rapidly growing family of 2D materials. The composition, morphology, structure, surface chemistry, and structural configuration of MXenes directly affect their electrochemical performance. For example, when used as the source and drain electrodes in a transistor, MXenes provide increased chemically active interfaces, reduced ion diffusion length, and improved inplane carrier/charge transport kinetics, thus improving the storage performance of the transistor significantly.

A methylation-inspired mesoporous coordination polymer for identification and removal of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions.

Qualitative analysis of contamination events and rapid removal of hazardous substances from water are in urgent need for a sustainable environment and human health. Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) bridged by organic ligands through metal nodes in an extendable and periodic manner have emerged as competitive candidates for the detection and removal of hazardous substances. However, the majority of them suffer from high production costs, poor structural stability and environmental problems, which has become a bottleneck for commercial translation.