Occurrence, maternal transfer, and risk implications of parabens in humpback dolphins from the South China Sea.

Parabens (PBs), extensively used as preservatives in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, are increasingly detected across diverse environmental matrices. Nevertheless, their presence and potential impacts on marine apex predators remain poorly understood. Here, hepatic tissues from 87 Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins collected from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) during 2004-2021 were analyzed for four PBs and five paraben metabolites (m-PBs) to investigate their bioaccumulation characters and potential health risks.

Linalool-triggered plant-soil feedback drives defense adaptation in dense maize plantings.

High planting density boosts crop yields but also heightens pest and pathogen risks. How plants adapt their defenses under these conditions remains unclear. In this study, we reveal that maize enhances its defense in high-density conditions through a plant-soil feedback mechanism triggered by the leaf volatile linalool.

A visible-light-promoted perfluoroalkylation/cyclization cascade towards perfluoroalkyl-substituted iminoisobenzofurans using the EDA complex.

Perfluoroalkyl-functionalized heterocycles exhibit profoundly modified bioactivities, motivating the development of efficient methods for precise perfluoroalkyl group installation. A new metal-free photoinduced radical-initiated cascade reaction was developed for the rapid synthesis of perfluoroalkyl-substituted iminoisobenzofurans by reacting various perfluoroalkyl iodides (R-I) under mild reaction conditions. In this reaction system, the formation of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes is pivotal for the visible-light promoted transformation in the absence of additional photocatalytic species.

CXCL12/CXCR4 modulates macrophage efferocytosis to induce glomerular crescent formation and fibrosis via ELMO1/DOCK180/RAC1 signaling in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis.

Background: ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN) is a leading cause of uremia in children, driven by macrophages (Mφs) that mediate crescent formation and fibrosis. Despite their critical role, the signals governing monocyte recruitment and macrophage polarization in AAGN remain unclear.

Methods: We utilized single-cell sequencing to dissect the cellular dynamics of AAGN and conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis in monocyte recruitment and macrophage efferocytosis.

Global burden of oral disorders with projections over the next 30 years.

Background: This study aimed to provide an updated assessment of the global, regional, and national burden of oral disorders from 1990 to 2021, and forecast trends for the next 30 years.

Methods: Data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD) 2021. The changing trends in the burden of oral disorders and subtypes were estimated using percentage change.

Risk Factors of Periodontitis: Evidence From Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: Mendelian randomization is a more appropriate tool for causal inference, as the main suspected risk factors for periodontitis are difficult to test by randomized controlled trials due to ethical or feasibility issues. This study aimed to evaluate potential causal relationships between 50 known and suspected factors and periodontitis risk by a two-sample Mendelian randomization study and meta-analysis.

Methods: By utilizing the databases of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions at Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium and the Finnish Genetics (FinnGen) consortium, 25 obesity-related indicators (BMI, birth weight, weight, height, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, 18 body fat percentage or fat-free mass factors), eight hormone-related indicators (estradiol levels, total testosterone levels, sex hormone-binding globulin, age at menarche, age at menopause, three bone mineral density factors), five lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, sleep duration, morning/evening chronotype, years of schooling), three dietary factors (coffee, tea, fruit), six blood biomarkers (fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL cholesterol], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL cholesterol], total cholesterol, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), and three diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, COVID-19).

Radiomics models to predict axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer and analysis of the biological significance of radiomic features.

Objectives: To explore the effectiveness of radiomics in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) and the relationship between radiomics features and genes.

Method: The 379 patients with breast cancer (186 ALNM-positive and 193 ALNM-negative) recruited from three hospitals were divided into the training (n=224), testing (n=96), and validation (n=59) cohorts. The Cancer Imaging Archive-The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCIA-TCGA) group included 107 patients with breast cancer.

PAR2 deficiency impairs antitumor immunity and attenuates anti-PD1 efficacy in colorectal cancer.

A T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment is predictive of better prognosis and clinical response to immunotherapy. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a member of G-protein coupled receptors is involved in inflammatory process and the progression of various cancers. However, the role of PAR2 in modulating the tumor microenvironment remains unclear.

A facile synthesis of CF-containing iminoisobenzofurans copper-catalyzed oxygen trifluoromethylation-cyclization of -vinyl--alkylamide.

A copper-catalyzed oxygen trifluoromethylation of -vinyl--alkylamide using Togni reagent as the trifluoromethyl precursor is demonstrated for the efficient synthesis of trifluoromethyl-containing iminoisobenzofurans. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that free radicals are involved in this process. The advantages of this approach include relatively mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance.

Comparison of the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is considered to be the standard treatment strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, the risk of adverse events and postoperative recurrence remains significant. This study aimed to evaluate the non-inferiority of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) compared with nCRT in patients with LARC and to assess the possibility of eliminating radiotherapy on the basis of guaranteed efficacy.

Materials And Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of nCRT and nCT for LARC.

Association between exposure to 35 environmental pollutants and mortality from cerebrovascular diseases: A long-term prospective study.

Environmental pollutants have been implicated in various detrimental health effects. However, the specific relationship between environmental pollutant exposure and the risk of cerebrovascular disease mortality remains uncertain. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the potential relationship between environmental pollutant exposure and risk of cerebrovascular disease mortality in the U.

Fatty Acid Profiles Linked to Organohalogen Exposure in Cetaceans from the Northern South China Sea.

Increasing evidence suggests that organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) could disrupt lipid metabolism in organisms, prompting consideration of fatty acids (FAs) as biological tools for assessing chemical stress in biological systems. This study examined 87 OHCs and 32 FAs in two sentinel cetacean species─Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins ( = 128) and Indo-Pacific finless porpoises ( = 26)─from the northern South China Sea (NSCS), a global hotspot for OHCs. Our results revealed higher OHC levels in these cetaceans than global averages.

Association of dietary and plasma fatty acids with periodontitis: Results from the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The authors aimed to explore the association of fatty acids with periodontitis and its severity and to assess causality using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

Methods: Data for participants with complete data were extracted from the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weighted logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between dietary fatty acids and periodontitis and its severity.

A pair of LysM receptors mediates symbiosis and immunity discrimination in Marchantia.

Most land plants form symbioses with microbes to acquire nutrients but also must restrict infection by pathogens. Here, we show that a single pair of lysin-motif-containing receptor-like kinases, MpaLYR and MpaCERK1, mediates both immunity and symbiosis in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea. MpaLYR has a higher affinity for long-chain (CO7) versus short-chain chitin oligomers (CO4).

Root system architecture plasticity with beneficial rhizosphere microbes: Current findings and future perspectives.

The rhizosphere microbiota, often referred to as the plant's "second genome" plays a critical role in modulating root system architecture (RSA). Despite this, existing methods to analyze root phenotypes in the context of root-microbe interactions remain limited, and the precise mechanisms affecting RSA by microbes are still not fully understood. This review comprehensively evaluates current root phenotyping techniques relevant to plant-microbe interactions, discusses their limitations, and explores future directions for integrating advanced technologies to elucidate microbial roles in altering RSA.

Association of periodontitis and periodontal parameters with migraine and mortality in people with migraine disease: A nationally representative observational study.

Objective: To investigate the association of periodontitis and clinical periodontal parameters with migraine as well as mortality among people with migraine disease.

Background: Periodontitis has been shown to increase the systemic inflammatory burden thereby promoting various systemic health outcomes; however, the evidence regarding the relationship between periodontitis and migraine is scarce.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, and it included 13,108 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004).

Association of 41 Inflammatory Cytokines With Common Oral Diseases.

Background: While observational studies have demonstrated a potential link between inflammatory cytokines and oral diseases, the question of causality is warranting further investigation. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the potential causal role of 41 inflammatory cytokines in common oral diseases.

Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using the summary statistics from the largest publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) for 41 inflammatory cytokines and common oral diseases (indicated by the index of decayed and filled tooth surfaces divided by number of tooth surfaces (DFSS), index of decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS), number of natural teeth, and periodontitis).

Performance of the multi-U-style structure based flow field for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.

The design of the reactant gas flow field structure in bipolar plates significantly influences the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, we introduced four innovative U-shaped flow field designs, namely: In-Out Multi-U, Out-In Multi-U, Distro In-Out Multi-U, and Distro Out-In Multi-U. To investigate the impact of these various flow fields on PEMFC performance, we conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations, validated through model experiments.

Association between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and periodontitis: Results from a large population-based study.

Background: Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are widely utilized to mitigate the flammability of various materials. Previous studies have revealed the impact of BFRs exposure on hormonal disruption and bone metabolism which are closely related to periodontitis. However, it remains unknown the potential relationship between BFRs and periodontitis.

Non-invasive assessment of response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with the deep neural networks-based radiomics nomogram.

Background: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a mainstay treatment for intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the potential to enhance patient survival. Preoperative prediction of postoperative response to TACE in patients with HCC is crucial.

Purpose: To develop a deep neural network (DNN)-based nomogram for the non-invasive and precise prediction of TACE response in patients with HCC.

SIRT3 alleviates high glucose-induced chondrocyte injury through the promotion of autophagy and suppression of apoptosis in osteoarthritis progression.

A growing amount of epidemiological evidence proposes diabetes mellitus (DM) to be an independent risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), which is mainly located in mitochondria, belongs to the family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein deacetylases and is involved in the physiological and pathological processes of cell regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SIRT3 on diabetic OA and underlying mechanisms in the prevention of type 2 DM (T2DM)-induced articular cartilage damage.

Quasi-Zero Stiffness Vibration Sensing and Energy Harvesting Integration Based on Buckled Piezoelectric Euler Beam.

This paper presents a novel quasi-zero stiffness vibration sensing and energy harvesting integration system for absolute displacement measurements based on a buckled piezoelectric Euler beam (BPEB) with quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) characteristics. On one hand, BPEB provides negative stiffness to the system, thus creating a vibration-free point within the system and transforming the absolute displacement measurement problem into a relative motion sensing problem. On the other hand, during the measurement process, the BPEB collects the vibration energy from the system, which can provide electrical energy for low-power relative motion sensing devices and remarkably suppress the frequency range of the jump phenomenon, thereby further expanding the frequency domain measurement range of the sensing system.

Propensity score-matched analysis of enhanced recovery after surgery in total hip arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures.

Objective: The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been proposed in recent years, which indeed bring about evident convenience for the patients. This prospective cohort study was aimed to investigate the impact of ERAS on the clinical outcome of patients who undergoing total hip arthroplasty due to displaced femoral neck fractures.

Methods: Patients in two periods were included in our research, before ERAS (n = 194) and after ERAS (n = 65).

Risk factors for lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with lower rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis is one of the prominent reasons for local recurrence (LR) in patients with rectal cancer (RC). The evaluation criteria of lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) for patients in eastern (mainly in Japan) and western countries have been controversial. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk factors for LPLN metastasis in order to guide surgical methods.