Linalool-triggered plant-soil feedback drives defense adaptation in dense maize plantings.

High planting density boosts crop yields but also heightens pest and pathogen risks. How plants adapt their defenses under these conditions remains unclear. In this study, we reveal that maize enhances its defense in high-density conditions through a plant-soil feedback mechanism triggered by the leaf volatile linalool.

Herbivory-induced green leaf volatiles increase plant performance through jasmonate-dependent plant-soil feedbacks.

Plants influence each other chemically by releasing leaf volatiles and root exudates, but whether and how these two phenomena interact remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that volatiles that are released by herbivore-attacked leaves trigger plant-soil feedbacks, resulting in increased performance of different plant species. We show that this phenomenon is due to green leaf volatiles that induce jasmonate-dependent systemic defence signalling in receiver plants, which results in the accumulation of beneficial soil bacteria in the rhizosphere.

Structured Reporting of Computed Tomography Enterography in Crohn's Disease.

Background: To compare the integrity, clarity, conciseness, etc., of the structured report (SR) versus free-text report (FTR) for computed tomography enterography of Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: FTRs and SRs were generated for 30 patients with CD.

Sex- and size-dependent accumulation of Dechlorane Plus flame retardant in a wild frog-eating snake Amphiesma stolata.

Despite several studies having addressed the bioaccumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) flame retardant in wildlife, there is still a dearth of information for reptiles in general and for snakes in particular. Here, we report the residue levels and trophic transfer of syn-, anti-, and anti-Cl-DP in a frog-eating snake-namely, the striped keelback snake Amphiesma stolata-from a DP hotspot in South China. The concentrations of syn-, anti-, and anti-Cl-DP in A.

Bioaccumulation and maternal transfer of two understudied DDT metabolites in wild fish species.

While the secondary metabolites of DDT such as 2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene (DDMU) and 2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)methane (DDM) have been detected in the environment for several decades, knowledge is extremely limited on their bioaccumulation characteristics. Here, we reported the bioaccumulation and maternal transfer of p,p'-DDMU and p,p'-DDM in two wild fishes, i.e.

Halogenated flame retardants in wild, prey-sized mud carp from an e-waste recycling site in South China, 2006-2016: Residue dynamics and ecological risk assessment.

The crude e-waste recycling has been regulated in China since the late 2000s; however, information on the recent levels and the ecological risks of e-waste derived contaminants such as halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in the e-waste sites are limited. We therefore examined the concentrations of several HFRs in wild, prey-sized mud carps collected from a typical e-waste site in 2006, 2011 and 2016, to understand the exposure dynamics and ecological risk of these chemicals. Several ecological and biological parameters including δN, δC, body size and lipid content of the fish were also examined, to ensure an overall uniformity of the sample set among the sampling years.

Effects of cooking oil fume derived fine particulate matter on blood vessel formation through the VEGF/VEGFR2/MEK1/2/ERK1/2/mTOR pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

In China, cooking oil fume derived fine particulate matter (COF-derived PM) is a principal source of indoor air pollution. Here, we investigated cytotoxicity of COF-derived PM, as well as the roles of VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR cascade in the inhibitory effects of COF-derived PM, on angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After exposure to COF-derived PM, cell viability and tube formation, as well as protein and mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR in HUVECs were measured.

The short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and lung cancer mortality in Hefei: A time-series analysis.

Accumulating evidence has shown the effects of air pollution on respiratory disease and lung cancer mortality, but the evidence is still inconclusive to date. We conducted a time-series analysis, which included 10388 subjects, to assess the short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory disease and lung cancer mortality in Hefei, China, from 2009 to 2015. The mean concentrations of pollutants (PM, NO and SO) were 106.

[Identification of bear bile powder and its adulterants by using DNA barcoding technology].

To identify the precious bile powder and its adulterants by DNA barcoding, and establish its standard experimental process to ensure the safe and effective utilization. Total twelve sequences from samples of bear bile powder which come from Ursus thibetanus for DNA extraction, PCR(polymerase chain reaction) and sequence, then using CodonCode Aligner V 7.0.

[Influence of light on gene expression of key synthesis enzyme genes FtANR and FtLAR about proanthocyanidin in seeds of homologous plant of food and medicine Fagopyrum tataricum].

Tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum is an important medicinal and functional herb due to its rich content of flavonoids in the seeds. F.tataricum exhibited good functions for free radicals scavenging， anti-oxidation， anti-aging activities.

[Investigation and optimization on ability of enzymatic hydrolysis of Mori Cortex residue].

Residue of Mori Cortex was studied to optimize its enzymatic hydrolysis process, and explore its potential as a carbon source for biochemistry and biofuel production. The cellulose content of diluted acid pretreated (DAP) and non-pretreated from Mori Cortex were measured in this study, and the results showed that the cellulose content of DAP and non-pretreated from Mori Cortex were 52.5% and 47%, respectively.

ROS-AKT-mTOR axis mediates autophagy of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by cooking oil fumes-derived fine particulate matters in vitro.

Cooking oil fumes-derived PM (COFs-derived PM) exposure can induce oxidative stress and cytotoxic effects. Here we investigated the role of ROS-AKT-mTOR axis in COFs-derived PM-induced autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with different concentrations of COFs-derived PM, together with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, a radical scavenger) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor).

Association between air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Hefei, China: A time-series analysis.

In recent years, air pollution has become an alarming problem in China. However, evidence on the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality is still not conclusive to date. This research aimed to assess the short-term effects of air pollution on cardiovascular morbidity in Hefei, China.

The injury of fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes on umbilical cord blood vessels in vitro.

Cooking oil fumes (COFs) derived PM is the major source of indoor air pollution in Asia. For this, a pregnant rat model within different doses of cooking oil fumes (COFs) derived PM was established in pregnancy in our research. Our previous studies have showed that exposure to COFs-derived PM was related to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The structural and functional effects of fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes on rat umbilical cord blood vessels.

A growing body of epidemiological evidence has supported the association between maternal exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the specific biological mechanisms implicated in the causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes are not well defined.

Air Pollution and the Risk of Birth Defects in Anqing City, China.

Objective: This study aimed to explore evidence for the influence of air pollution on the risk of birth defects in China and contribute to establish prevention strategies.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Anqing city, Eastern China, from 2010 to 2012. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) per 10 μg/m3 change for SO2, NO2, and PM10.