A chemical autonomous robotic platform for end-to-end synthesis of nanoparticles.

Traditional nanomaterial development faces inefficiency and unstable results due to labor-intensive trial-and-error methods. To overcome these challenges, we developed a data-driven automated platform integrating artificial intelligence (AI) decision modules with automated experiments. Specifically, the platform employs a Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model to retrieve methods/parameters and implements an A* algorithm centered closed-loop optimization process.

Mechanistic Insights into CYP2A6 Inactivation by Visnagin and Its Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties of Tegafur.

Visnagin (VNG), a furanochromone, is a major active component of the plant (L.) Lam often used for the preparation of tea products. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the mechanism of VNG-mediated CYP2A6 enzyme inactivation and the effects of VNG on the pharmacokinetics of the antitumor drug tegafur.

Enzyme miniaturization: Revolutionizing future biocatalysts.

Enzyme miniaturization offers a transformative approach to overcome limitations posed by the large size of conventional enzymes in industrial, therapeutic, and diagnostic applications. However, the evolutionary optimization of enzymes for activity has not inherently favored compact structures, creating challenges for modern applications requiring smaller catalysts. In this review, we surveyed the advantages of miniature enzymes, including enhanced expressivity, folding efficiency, thermostability, and resistance to proteolysis.

Interval Secure Event-Triggered Mechanism for Load Frequency Control Active Defense Against DoS Attack.

This study proposes an active defense strategy against denial-of-service (DoS) attacks to address the secure event-triggered control of multiarea load frequency control (LFC) systems. A novel interval secure event-triggered mechanism (ISETM) is introduced, integrating event-triggered control with cybersecurity mechanisms under the software defined network (SDN) framework. ISETM generates not only a triggering instant but also a secure triggering interval (STI) simultaneously.

LWheatNet: a lightweight convolutional neural network with mixed attention mechanism for wheat seed classification.

Introduction: With the advent of technologies such as deep learning in agriculture, a novel approach to classifying wheat seed varieties has emerged. However, some existing deep learning models encounter challenges, including long processing times, high computational demands, and low classification accuracy when analyzing wheat seed images, which can hinder their ability to meet real-time requirements.

Methods: To address these challenges, we propose a lightweight wheat seed classification model called LWheatNet.

Multi-color two-laser super-resolution structured illumination microscopy for the visualization of multi-organelle in living cells.

In this study, we introduced a novel dual-laser multi-color imaging system. Integrated with a multi-channel filter wheel, this system compared three spectral decontamination algorithms (nonnegative matrix factorization [NMF], RCAN, and PICASSO) showcasing its efficacy in achieving four-color imaging with only two laser sources. Combined with a reliable image reconstruction algorithm, the spatial resolution of four channels super-resolution four-color images reached 130, 125, 133, and 132 nm, respectively.

Mechanism-Based Inactivation of CYP2D6 by Phellopterin and Related Drug-Drug Interaction with Metoprolol.

Phellopterin (PLP) is a linear furanocoumarin widely found in citrus fruits and herbal medicines. The study aims to comprehensively investigate the mechanism of inhibition of CYP2D6 enzyme activity by PLP and its alteration of metoprolol pharmacokinetics. PLP was found to irreversibly inhibit CYP2D6 in time-, concentration-, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent manners.

Dihydrotanshinone I-Induced CYP1 Enzyme Inhibition and Alteration of Estradiol Metabolism.

Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTI) is a pharmacologically active component occurring in the roots of the herbal medicine Bunge. This study investigated DHTI-induced inhibition of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 with the aim to determine the potential effects of DHTI on the bioactivation of estradiol (E2), possibly related to preventive/therapeutic strategy for E2-associated breast cancer. Ethoxyresorufin as a specific substrate for CYP1s was incubated with human recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2, or CYP1B1 in the presence of DHTI at various concentrations.

Substrate Positioning Dynamics Involves a Non-Electrostatic Component to Mediate Catalysis.

Substrate positioning dynamics (SPD) orients the substrate in the active site, thereby influencing catalytic efficiency. However, it remains unknown whether SPD effects originate primarily from electrostatic perturbation inside the enzyme or can independently mediate catalysis with a significant non-electrostatic component. In this work, we investigated how the non-electrostatic component of SPD affects transition state (TS) stabilization.

Applications, prospects and challenges of metal borides in lithium sulfur batteries.

Although the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has a theoretical capacity of up to 1675 mA h g, its practical application is limited owing to some problems, such as the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the growth of Li dendrites. It has been verified that some transition metal compounds exhibit strong polarity, good chemical adsorption and high electrocatalytic activities, which are beneficial for the rapid conversion of intermediate product in order to effectively inhibit the "shuttle effect". Remarkably, being different from other metal compounds, it is a significant characteristic that both metal and boron atoms of transition metal borides (TMBs) can bind to LiPSs, which have shown great potential in recent years.

SDS-Net: A lightweight 3D convolutional neural network with multi-branch attention for multimodal brain tumor accurate segmentation.

The accurate and fast segmentation method of tumor regions in brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is significant for clinical diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, given the aggressive and high mortality rate of brain tumors. However, due to the limitation of computational complexity, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) face challenges in being efficiently deployed on resource-limited devices, which restricts their popularity in practical medical applications. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight and efficient 3D convolutional neural network SDS-Net for multimodal brain tumor MRI image segmentation.

Performing photonic nonlinear computations by linear operations in a high-dimensional space.

As photonic linear computations are diverse and easy to realize while photonic nonlinear computations are relatively limited and difficult, we propose a novel way to perform photonic nonlinear computations by linear operations in a high-dimensional space, which can achieve many nonlinear functions different from existing optical methods. As a practical application, the arbitrary binary nonlinear computations between two Boolean signals are demonstrated to implement a programmable logic array. In the experiment, by programming the high-dimensional photonic matrix multiplier, we execute fourteen different logic operations with only one fixed nonlinear operation.

Progressive Classifier Mechanism for Bridge Expansion Joint Health Status Monitoring System Based on Acoustic Sensors.

The application of IoT (Internet of Things) technology to the health monitoring of expansion joints is of great importance in enhancing the efficiency of bridge expansion joint maintenance. In this study, a low-power, high-efficiency, end-to-cloud coordinated monitoring system analyzes acoustic signals to identify faults in bridge expansion joints. To address the issue of scarce authentic data related to bridge expansion joint failures, an expansion joint damage simulation data collection platform is established for well-annotated datasets.

Improving performances of Lithium-Sulfur cells via regulating of VSe functional mediator with Doping-Defect engineering and Electrode-Separator integration strategy.

The sluggish redox kinetics and the severe shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are the main key issues which would hinder the development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. In this work, a nickel-doped vanadium selenide in-situ grows on reduced graphene oxide(rGO) to form a two-dimensional (2D) composite Ni-VSe/rGO by a simple solvothermal method. When it is used as a modified separator in Li-S batteries, the Ni-VSe/rGO material with the doped defect and super-thin layered structure can greatly adsorb LiPSs and catalyze the conversion reaction of LiPSs, resulting in effectively reducing LiPSs diffusion and suppressing the shuttle effect.

Mechanistic Study of Xanthotoxin-Mediated Inactivation of CYP1A2 and Related Drug-Drug Interaction with Tacrine.

Xanthotoxin (XTT) is a biologically active furanocoumarin widely present in foods and plants. The present study is designed to systematically investigate the enzymatic interaction of XTT with CYP1A2, along with pharmacokinetic alteration of tacrine resulting from the co-administration of XTT. The results showed that XTT induced a time-, concentration-, and NADPH-dependent inhibition of CYP1A2, and the inhibition was irreversible.

Kerr soliton frequency comb generation by tuning the coupling coefficient in coupled nonlinear microcavities.

Kerr soliton frequency comb generation in nonlinear microcavities with compact configurations are promising on-chip sources. Current Kerr comb generation by using a single microcavity with a tunable CW pump laser or high-power femtosecond pulse pump are difficult to be integrated on chip. In this paper, we propose an on-chip soliton comb generation scheme by tuning the coupling coefficient of two coupled microcavities instead of tuning the wavelength of the cw pump laser or using a pulsed pump laser in a single microcavity.

The role of selenium vacancies functionalized mediator of bimetal (Co, Fe) selenide for high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are currently only in the basic research stage and have not been commercialized, which is mainly affected by the poor conductivity of sulfur/lithium sulfide (S/LiS), volume expansion effect of sulfur and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, a three dimensional (3D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decorated cubic CoSe/FeSe (0 ＜ x ＜ 8, 0 ＜ y ＜ 2) composite (CoSe/FeSe@CNTs) is developed, and used as the functionalized mediator on polypropylene (PP) in Li-S batteries. Benefiting from the good electrical conductivity, large number of Se vacancies and the triple block/adsorption/catalytic effects of CoSe/FeSe@CNTs, the cell with CoSe/FeSe@CNTs//PP modified separator delivers a high reversible capacity (1103.

IntEnzyDB: an Integrated Structure-Kinetics Enzymology Database.

Data-driven modeling has emerged as a new paradigm for biocatalyst design and discovery. Biocatalytic databases that integrate enzyme structure and function data are in urgent need. Here we describe IntEnzyDB as an integrated structure-kinetics database for facile statistical modeling and machine learning.

Extraordinary electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur battery with 2D ultrathin BiOBr/rGO sheet as an efficient sulfur host.

There are many challenges such as the shuttling effect of soluble lithium polysulfides species (LiPSs) and the slow solid-state conversion between LiS and LiS in the development process of lithium-sulfur battery (LSB), so it is vital how to design and fabricate sulfur hosts with strong adsorption and good electrocatalysis. In this work, BiOBr in-situ forms onto both sides of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to obtain a novel ultrathin BiOBr/rGO sheet, then self-constructing a hydrogel cylinder in shape, via a one-step hydrothermal process. The BiOBr/rGO composite with sandwich structure not only shows the outstanding adsorption effect on LiPSs, resulting from a strong bonding interaction between BiOBr/rGO and LiS demonstrated by XPS technique, but also exhibits the extraordinary electrocatalytic performance on both the LiPSs conversion reaction in cyclic voltammetry experiment of symmetric cell and the LiS nucleation process in potentiostatic deposited experiment, which will significantly improve the electrochemical performance of LSB.