The impact of childhood obesity on different fracture sites.

The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide, garnering increasing public attention due to various complications and long-term effects. Many researchers have indicated that obese children experienced higher fracture risk compared with nonobese children. However, the findings from different researchers reported a controversial result and few of them paid attention to the differences in BMI Z-score and obesity between different fracture sites, which would be quite useful since these can guide obese children in protecting specific regions.

Construction and validation of a chemokine-related gene signature associated with prognosis, clinical significance, and immune microenvironment characteristics in cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) remains a prevalent malignancy with significant mortality among women, highlighting the urgent need for reliable prognostic tools. While chemokines have emerged as pivotal regulators in tumor progression, their potential in constructing prognostic models for CC remains underexplored. This study aimed to develop a chemokine-related gene signature for outcome prediction and therapeutic guidance in CC patients.

A Lightweight Semantic Segmentation Model for Underwater Images Based on DeepLabv3.

Underwater object image processing is a crucial technology for marine environmental exploration. The complexity of marine environments typically results in underwater object images exhibiting color deviation, imbalanced contrast, and blurring. Existing semantic segmentation methods for underwater objects either suffer from low segmentation accuracy or fail to meet the lightweight requirements of underwater hardware.

Diurnal Asymmetric Loading Modulates Cell Phenotype in Intervertebral Disc.

Purpose: This study tested the hypothesis that asymmetric dynamic loading alone or in combination with static loading influences the morphological and biological characteristics of the intervertebral disc (IVD) cells in an ex vivo model.

Methods: Bovine caudal IVDs were assigned to four groups: (1) Parallel dynamic load (1 h) + free swelling (23 h); (2) Parallel dynamic load (1 h) + static load (23 h); (3) Wedge dynamic load (1 h) + free swelling (23 h); (4) Wedge dynamic load (1 h) + static load (23 h). IVD structure was assessed with measurements of height loss and histological staining.

Understanding the structure, distribution, and retention of nanoplastics in montmorillonite nanopore by multi-scale computational simulations.

The interfacial adsorption, aggregation and deposition processes of nanoplastics (NPs) on clay mineral surfaces critically regulate their environmental mobility, transformation pathways, and ecotoxicological risks in aquatic ecosystems. A quantitative understanding of the nanoscale interfacial processes is essential. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the aggregation and deposition mechanisms of three types of NPs in their pristine and aged states in the nanopore solution of montmorillonite (Mt).

Optimizing CNN for pavement distress detection via edge-enhanced multi-scale feature fusion.

Traditional crack detection methods initially relied on manual observation, followed by instrument-assisted techniques. Today, road surface inspection leverages deep learning to achieve automated crack detection. However, in the domain of deep learning-based road surface damage classification, the heterogeneous and complex nature of road environments introduces significant background noise and unstructured features.

Spinal hypermobility accelerates ossification in posterior longitudinal ligaments: insights from an mouse model.

Introduction: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments (OPLL) is characterized by heterotopic ossification in the posterior longitudinal ligament of spine. Our earlier research found that mechanical stimulation enhances osteogenic differentiation in OPLL-derived ligament cells. Nevertheless, the function of hypermobility of the spine on ligament ossification remain unexplored .

Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and central obesity in pediatric populations: a cross-sectional and cohort study.

Background: Central obesity in children represents a significant public health concern due to its strong association with an elevated risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity-related chronic inflammation. Despite its potential relevance, the specific relationship between central obesity and SII in the pediatric population remains insufficiently explored.

Highly Stable S-Doped-rGO@FeMnO@C Hybrid Heterostructures by Sulfur- Doping of Graphene-Coated 3D FeMnO Nanorods on rGO Nanosheets for High-Performance Fast Charge/Discharge Ni/Fe Batteries.

Multicomponent transition metal heterostructures is constructed through a heteroatomic doping method sandwiched by the dual carbon layers. The promising strategy combines iron and manganese ions into a novel FeMnO heterostructure on the surface of the rGO nanosheets, followed by sulfur-doping and calcination processes to achieve S-doped-rGO@FeMnO@C heterostructure. Note that S-doped FeMnO nanorods encapsulated by the carbon coating layers on the rGO nanosheets as the backbone are expected to restrict nanorods from collapsing during the charge-discharge processes.

Evaluation of different mathematical models on fitting the in vitro gas production parameters in beef cattle.

In vitro rumen gas production experiment was conducted with 57 kinds of feedstuff, which were categorized into energy feed, protein feed, and roughage, collected within China. Eight mathematical models were employed to describe the kinetics of in vitro rumen gas production. The results found that for energy feeds, protein feeds, and roughages, respectively, Michaelis-Menten (MM) or Logistic-Exponential with lag (LEL), MM, and Mitscherlich (MIT) exhibited the highest or shown no significant difference compared to the highest coefficient of determination (R) (P < 0.

Molecular modeling to elucidate the dynamic interaction process and aggregation mechanism between natural organic matters and nanoplastics.

The interactions of nanoplastics (NPs) with natural organic matters (NOMs) dominate the environmental fate of both substances and the organic carbon cycle. Their binding and aggregation mechanisms at the molecular level remain elusive due to the high structural complexity of NOMs and aged NPs. Molecular modeling was used to understand the detailed dynamic interaction mechanism between NOMs and NPs.

Enhanced high brightness DBR tapered diode laser based on polarization match.

Tapered diode lasers, composed of an index-guided ridge waveguide and a gain-guided tapered amplifier, are affected by polarization mismatch between the ridge and tapered sections. Beam quality deterioration is caused by TM high-order modes generated in the ridge section. Under high current injection, these TM modes are further amplified in the tapered section due to polarization mismatch, leading to a decrease in the laser output brightness.

First principles study on monolayer GeTe as an anode material for multivalent ion batteries.

Finding suitable anode materials for multivalent ion batteries (MuIBs) is the key to improving theoretical capacity, reducing development costs and enhancing the safety of energy storage batteries. In recent years, monolayer GeTe has been reported as an anode material in monovalent ion batteries, but it has not received much attention in MuIBs. This article uses first principles methods based on density functional theory (DFT) to explore the application prospects of monolayer GeTe with a unique serrated wrinkled layer structure as an anode material for multivalent metal ion (Al/Mg/Ca) batteries.

NiCo alloy-decorated nitrogen-doped carbon double-shelled hollow polyhedrons with abundant catalytic active sites to accelerate lithium polysulfides conversion.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have received significant attention due to their high theoretical energy density. However, the inherent poor conductivity of S and lithium sulfide (LiS), coupled with the detrimental shuttle effect induced by lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), impedes their commercialization. In this study, we develop NiCo alloy-decorated nitrogen-doped carbon double-shelled hollow polyhedrons (NC/NiCo DSHPs) as highly efficient catalysts for Li-S batteries.

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Central Nervous System Diseases by Modulating Ferroptosis.

A newly proposed form of programmed cell death, ferroptosis, is distinct in cellular morphology, biochemical characteristics, and genetic characteristics from apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. Its mechanisms primarily encompass iron overload, lipid peroxidation, and amino acid metabolisms. Extensive research confirms that ferroptosis is linked to the onset and progression of various diseases that pose a threat to the central nervous system (CNS), offering new directions and targets for the mechanistic study and pharmacotherapy of CNS diseases.

The Mechanism of Sodium Sulfate Coupled with Anaerobic Methane Oxidation Mitigating Methane Production in Beef Cattle.

The aim of this experiment is to explore the effect of sodium sulfate (NaSO) on methane reduction in the rumen, and its impact on anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME). Using mixed rumen fluid from four Angus cattle fistulas, this study conducted an fermentation. Adding NaSO to the fermentation substrate resulted in sulfur concentrations in the substrate of 0.

A repeated strike loading organ culture model for studying compression-associated chronic disc degeneration.

Mechanical stress has been viewed as one of the key risk factors in accelerating the intervertebral disc degeneration process. The goal of the present study was to employ a repeated strike loading bovine caudal disc system to elucidate the pathophysiological impacts of cumulative mechanical stress on the disc. The discs in the model groups were subjected to two different mechanical stresses: one strike loading or repeated strike loading.

Impact of temperature and relative humidity variability on children's allergic diseases and critical time window identification.

Background: The effects of temperature and relative humidity on different types of children's allergic diseases have not been comprehensively evaluated so far. This study aims to assess the impact of temperature and relative humidity variability on children's allergic diseases and to identify the critical time window.

Methods: We collected outpatient data on allergen testing in children between July 2020 and January 2022 from the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

Development of a mouse model of chronic ventral spinal cord compression: Neurobehavioral, radiological, and pathological changes.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to establish a mouse model of spinal ligament ossification to simulate the chronic spinal cord compression observed in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The study also aimed to examine the mice's neurobiological, radiological, and pathological changes.

Methods: In the previous study, a genetically modified mouse strain was created using Crispr-Cas9 technology, namely, / (C57/B6 background), to establish the OPLL model.

Association between grip strength and walking pace with incidence of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a UK biobank observational study.

Purpose: This study investigates the association between handgrip strength, walking pace, and the incidence of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) using the UK Biobank dataset.

Methods: We analyzed data from 364,716 UK Biobank participants without prior neurological conditions. Handgrip strength was measured with a dynamometer, and walking pace was self-reported.

Identification of coagulation diagnostic biomarkers related to the severity of spinal cord injury.

Background: Blood always shows coagulation changes after spinal cord injury (SCI), and identifying these blood changes may be helpful for diagnosis and treatment of SCI. Nevertheless, studies to date on blood coagulation changes after SCI in humans are not comprehensive. Therefore, this study aims to identify blood coagulation diagnostic biomarkers and immune changes related to SCI and its severity levels.

A causal examination of the correlation between hormonal and reproductive factors and low back pain.

Background: The relationship between hormonal fluctuations in the reproductive system and the occurrence of low back pain (LBP) has been widely observed. However, the causal impact of specific variables that may be indicative of hormonal and reproductive factors, such as age at menopause (ANM), age at menarche (AAM), length of menstrual cycle (LMC), age at first birth (AFB), age at last live birth (ALB) and age first had sexual intercourse (AFS) on low back pain remains unclear.

Methods: This study employed Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) using publicly available summary statistics from Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and FinnGen Consortium to investigate the causal links between hormonal and reproductive factors on LBP.