SDA-YOLO: An Object Detection Method for Peach Fruits in Complex Orchard Environments.

To address the challenges of leaf-branch occlusion, fruit mutual occlusion, complex background interference, and scale variations in peach detection within complex orchard environments, this study proposes an improved YOLOv11n-based peach detection method named SDA-YOLO. First, in the backbone network, the LSKA module is embedded into the SPPF module to construct an SPPF-LSKA fusion module, enhancing multi-scale feature representation for peach targets. Second, an MPDIoU-based bounding box regression loss function replaces CIoU to improve localization accuracy for overlapping and occluded peaches.

Topological Transformation of MXenes to Non-Van Der Waals Artificial Solids with Well-Defined Structure.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides (MXenes) have become an ideal platform to produce some derivatives with tunable chemical compositions and structures, possessing unique physical and chemical properties beyond their counterparts. Here, a well-defined non-van der Waals artificial solid is developed on the basis of the topological transformation of Cl-terminated MXenes, which involves the substitution of -Cl with -S terminations to enlarge the interlayer spacing of MXenes and subsequent configuration with transition-metal (Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, and Sn) atoms. After the topological transformation, the MXene layers are chemically bonded, showing a higher thermal stability up to 550 °C in air than that of MXenes.

Causal relationship between air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Recent studies have highlighted potential links between air pollution and autoimmune diseases. However, the causal relationship between air pollution (including PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear.

EML-SlowFast: A behavior recognition model for lion-head goose.

The behavior of lion-head goose has a significant impact on their health status, activity levels, and productivity. It is therefore important to monitor the behavior of lion-head geese to enhance their health status, reproductive performance, and overall productivity. However, there is currently no specific behavioral recognition method for lion-head goose, which presents a significant challenge in quickly and effectively identifying various behaviors.

High-Entropy Modulation on Na-O Configuration Toward Ultrastable Sodium Layered Oxide.

Although O3-type layered oxides are promising candidates as cathode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), it is still plagued by poor stabilities owing to the inevitable degradation of Na-O bond and subsequent side reactions as exposed to moist atmosphere. Here, a new O3-type high-entropy layered oxide NaMnFeNiMO (HE-NaMFN, M = Cu/Ti/Zn/Sn/Sb) is developed by high-entropy modulation on NaMnFeNiO. This process involves the implantation of five metal atoms with different d -orbital electron numbers into the layered oxide, increasing the energy gap between O 2p and metal d orbitals (Δp-d) from 0.

Solid Intercalation and Exfoliation of Cl-Terminated Multilayered MXenes toward O-Functionalized Single Layers.

Although ion intercalation is becoming a powerful strategy to produce expanded layered materials and atomic layers in aqueous or organic systems, it usually suffers from sluggish kinetics with a long intercalating time of several days. Here, we present a facile approach to produce O-functionalized single-layer MXenes by solid intercalation of Cl-terminated accordion-like MXenes in molten salts and subsequent exfoliation. The process involves the intercalation of metal cations (Li, Na and K) and anions (CO) in molten salts, resulting in substitution with -O surface groups and formation of gases (CO).

High-Entropy 1T-Phase Quantum Sheets of Transition-Metal Disulfides.

Quantum sheets of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising nanomaterials owing to the combination of both 2D nanosheets and quantum dots with distinctive properties. However, the quantum sheets usually possess semiconducting behavior associated with 2H phase, it remains challenging to produce 1T-phase quantum sheets due to the easy sliding of the basal plane susceptible to the small lateral sizes. Here, an efficient high-entropy strategy is developed to produce 1T-phase quantum sheets of transition-metal disulfides based on controllable introduction of multiple metal atoms with large size differences to retard the sliding of basal plane.

Bubbling Chemical Vapors in Molten Metal toward XIV-Group Nanosheets.

Two-dimensional (2D) XIV-group nanosheets (germanene, silicene, and stannene) possess unique physical and chemical features promising in fields of electronics, energy storage, and conversions. However, preparing these nanosheets is challenging owing to their non van der Waals structure with strong chemical bonds inside. Herein, a bubbling chemical-vapor growth method is proposed to synthesize these XIV-group nanosheets by bubbling XIV-group-element chlorides in molten sodium.

Heteroatom Immobilization Engineering toward High-Performance Metal Anodes.

Heteroatom immobilization engineering (HAIE) is becoming a forefront approach in materials science and engineering, focusing on the precise control and manipulation of atomic-level interactions within heterogeneous systems. HAIE has emerged as an efficient strategy to fabricate single-atom sites for enhancing the performance of metal-based batteries. Despite the significant progress achieved through HAIE in metal anodes for metal-based batteries, several critical challenges such as metal dendrites, side reactions, and sluggish reaction kinetics are still present.

High-Entropy Laminates with High Ion Conductivities for High-Power All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are crucial to high-energy-density lithium metal batteries, but they commonly suffer from slow Li transfer kinetics and low mechanical strength, severely hampering the application for all-solid-state batteries. Here, we develop a two-dimensional (2D) high-entropy lithium-ion conductor, lithium-containing transition-metal phosphorus sulfide, HE-LiMPS (Li(FeCoNiMnZn)PS) with five transition-metal atoms and lithium ions (Li) dispersed into [PS] framework layers, exhibiting high lattice distortions and a large amount of cation vacancies. Such unique features enable to efficiently accelerate the migration of Li in 2D [PS] interlamination, delivering a high ionic conductivity of 5 × 10 S cm at room temperature.

Metal-Bonded Atomic Layers of Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes).

Although 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have fantastic physical and chemical properties as well as wide applications, it remains challenging to produce stable MXenes due to their rapid structural degradation. Here, unique metal-bonded atomic layers of transition metal carbides with high stabilities are produced via a simple topological reaction between chlorine-terminated MXenes and selected metals, where the metals enable them to not only remove partially Cl terminations, but also bond with adjacent atomic MXene slabs, driven by the symmetry of MAX phases. The films constructed from Al-bonded Ti C Cl atomic layers show high oxidation resistance up to 400 °C and low sheet resistance of 9.

Phase-Changeable Dynamic Conformal Electrode/electrolyte Interlayer enabling Pressure-Independent Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Lithium-metal-based solid-state batteries (Li-SSBs) are one of the most promising energy storage devices due to their high energy densities. However, under insufficient pressure constraints ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

MXene Derivatives for Energy Storage and Conversions.

Associated with the rapid development of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes), MXene derivatives have been recently exploited and exhibited unique physical/chemical properties, holding promising applications in the areas of energy storage and conversions. This review provides a comprehensive summarization of the latest research and progress on MXene derivatives, including termination-tailored MXenes, single-atom implanted MXenes, intercalated MXenes, van der Waals atomic layers, and non-van der Waals heterostructures. The intrinsic relationship between structure, properties, and corresponding applications for MXene derivatives are then emphasized.

Regulation of probe density on upconversion nanoparticles enabling high-performance lateral flow assays.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)-based fluorescence probes have shown great potential in point-of-care testing (POCT) applications, due to UCNPs' features of high photostability and background-free fluorescence. Ceaseless improvements of UCNPs-probes have been carried out to increase detection sensitivity and to broaden detection range of UCNPs-based POCT. In this paper, we optimized UCNPs-probes by regulating probe density.

Eu-Chelate Polystyrene Microsphere-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay Platform for hs-CRP Detection.

caused by viral or bacterial infection is a major threat to human health globally. Blood C-reactive protein (CRP) has been proven to be a sensitive indicator for the occurrence and development of inflammation. Furthermore, a tiny change of blood CRP concentration may portend chronic diseases; therefore, high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) detection in a quantitative, rapid, user-friendly, and low-cost manner is highly demanded.

Quantification of peripapillary vessel density in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy patients with optical coherence tomography angiography.

Background: Quantitative assessments based on optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) may have potential promising value in the early detection of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION), but there is limited information on the ability of OCTA to distinguish eyes with NA-AION. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of measurements of peripapillary perfusion using OCTA to distinguish healthy eyes from eyes with NA-AION.

Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, newly diagnosed NA-AION patients and healthy controls matched at a ratio of 1:3 by gender and age (±5 years) were enrolled from 1 September 2020 to 30 June 2021.

Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Design Modeling and Printing for Accurate Toe-to-Hand Transplantation.

Purpose: To introduce toe-to-hand transplantation performed with the assistance of both bone and soft tissue modeling using 3-dimensional printing technology.

Methods: From May 2015 to October 2018, 31 patients (group A, 24 thumbs and 7 fingers) were included. Computed tomography scans were acquired using a spiral computed tomography scanner, and the data were processed with software.

High-Throughput Production of 1T MoS Monolayers Based on Controllable Conversion of Mo-Based MXenes.

Although transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) monolayers are widely applied in electronics, optics, catalysis, and energy storage, their yield or output is commonly very low (<1 wt % or micrometer level) based on the well-known top-down (, exfoliation) and bottom-up (, chemical vapor deposition) approaches. Here, 1T MoS monolayers with a very high fraction of ∼90% were achieved the conversion of Mo-based MXenes (MoCT and MoCT) at high temperatures in hydrogen sulfide gas, in which the Mo-layer of Mo-based MXenes could be transformed to MoS monolayers and the Mo vacancies facilitate the gliding of sulfur layers to form 1T MoS. The resultant 1T MoS monolayers with numerous vacancies exhibit strong chemisorption and high catalytic activity for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), delivering a reversible capacity of 736 mAh g at 0.

Ten-Year Changes in Bloodstream Infection With Complex in Intensive Care Units in Eastern China: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

There is little evidence on the changing prevalence, microbiological profile, and outcome of nosocomial complex (ABC)-caused bloodstream infection (ABCBSI) specified in intensive care units (ICUs) in long-term studies, especially in China. We aimed to investigate changes in incidence, antibiotic resistance, therapy, and prognosis of ABCBSI in ICUs in eastern China during 2009-2018. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted, and microbiological and clinical data for patients with ABCBSI acquired in nine adult ICUs in eastern China from 2009 to 2018.

Single-Atom Sites on MXenes for Energy Conversion and Storage.

Single-atom sites on MXenes (SASs-MXenes) have attracted widespread attention for energy storage and conversion due to their highest atom utilization efficiency, intriguing intrinsic properties, unusual performance, and improved robustness. In addition, the large surface area and abundant anchor sites make MXenes ideal substrates for supporting single atoms via covalent interaction. Herein, the main strategies for synthesis of SASs-MXenes are first summarized, which cover capturing single atoms by cation vacancies, coordinating single atoms with heterodopants, and inheriting single atoms from MAX phases.

Identification and Validation of a Novel Clinical Signature to Predict the Prognosis in Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.

Background: Our aim in this study was to identify a prognostic biomarker to predict the disease prognosis and reduce the mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caused a worldwide pandemic.

Methods: COVID-19 patients were randomly divided into training and test groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the disease prognosis signature, which was selected to establish a risk model in the training group.

Conversion of non-van der Waals solids to 2D transition-metal chalcogenides.

Although two-dimensional (2D) atomic layers, such as transition-metal chalcogenides, have been widely synthesized using techniques such as exfoliation and vapour-phase growth, it is still challenging to obtain phase-controlled 2D structures. Here we demonstrate an effective synthesis strategy via the progressive transformation of non-van der Waals (non-vdW) solids to 2D vdW transition-metal chalcogenide layers with identified 2H (trigonal prismatic)/1T (octahedral) phases. The transformation, achieved by exposing non-vdW solids to chalcogen vapours, can be controlled using the enthalpies and vapour pressures of the reaction products.