Research on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Mechanism and Its Forensic Application.

Doxorubicin is a commonly used antitumor drug for the treatment of various cancers. However, its clinical application is greatly restricted by its severe cardiotoxicity. At present, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is categorized into acute and chronic forms, depending on the dosage and duration of exposure, which may eventually lead to the occurrence of heart failure.

SIRT6 Lysine-Demyristoylates ATF2 to Ameliorate Vascular Injury via PRKCD/VE-Cadherin Pathway Regulating Vascular Endothelial Barrier.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) progression is significantly modulated by epigenetic mechanisms, particularly through Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a key NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase in the sirtuin family. Though essential for cardiovascular homeostasis, the effects of SIRT6-mediated lysine myristoylation on CVDs progression remain largely unexplored due to detection limitations. This study developes an innovative lysine-myristoylated peptide enrichment technique, identifying mutant SIRT6 (H133Y) with high myristoyl affinity but deficient demyristoylase activity.

Synaptic vesicles that store monoamines and glutamate differ in protein composition.

Neuromodulators such as the monoamines are known to differ from classical neurotransmitters like glutamate in the time scale of signaling due to activation of slower G protein-coupled receptors. Recent work has suggested that the mode of release also differs between classical and modulatory transmitters. Although many components of neurotransmitter release machinery have been identified, we still understand little about the mechanisms responsible for differences in release.

PYRCR alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via inhibiting DRG2-mediated cardiomyocyte pyroptosis.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a distinct class of endogenous RNAs characterized by their covalently closed circular structure. CircRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in various biological processes and pathogenesis. In this study we investigated the role of circRNAs in cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and underlying mechanisms.

Elucidating metabolic mechanisms underlying the influence of specific growth rate on alkaline protease synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis through combined omics and computational modeling analysis.

Specific growth rate is a crucial physiological parameter in fermentation. This study integrates transcriptomics, metabolomics and genome-scale metabolic modeling to uncover the physiological changes in Bacillus licheniformis induced by specific growth rate during fed-batch fermentation. The results showed that increasing growth rates significantly enhanced both cell growth and alkaline protease activity.

Substrate recognition and allosteric regulation of synaptic vesicle glutamate transporter VGLUT2.

The concentration of neurotransmitters inside synaptic vesicles (SVs) underlies the quantal nature of synaptic transmission. Uptake of glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter, is driven by membrane potential. To prevent nonquantal efflux of glutamate after SV exocytosis, the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are allosterically inhibited by the neutral pH of the synaptic cleft.

Stabilizing Residual Monomers within Polymerized Electrolytes for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries.

Poly(1,3-dioxolane) (PDOL)-based electrolyte has gained wide attention due to its high compatibility with the lithium metal anode, intimate contact with electrodes, and high ionic conductivity. However, its application in high-voltage batteries is limited because the residual DOL monomers are prone to oxidation at high voltage. Here, we report that LiDFOB-initiated polymerization stabilizes these residual monomers, thus overcoming the oxidation-related limitations of PDOL-based electrolytes.

Litchi-Skin-Like NiMoP Microspheres Supported on MOF-Derived Carbon Layer as High Performance Composite Positive Electrode of Asymmetric Supercapacitor.

Developing ideal positive electrodes with excellent performance and structural stability for supercapacitors is crucial in enhancing the application potential. Herein, we successfully fabricate a composite structure of NiMoP@C on nickel foam (NF) (NMP@C/NF), which is formed by loading a litchi-skin-like morphology NiMoP microspheres onto MOF-derived carbon layer with the two-step electrodeposition method. The carbon layer acts as a structurally stable framework, and its synergistic effect with active materials suppresses volume expansion while enhancing electron transport efficiency.

Simulated climate warming scenarios lead to earlier emergence and increased weight loss but have no effect on overwintering survival in solitary bees.

Insect pollination is critical for both wildflower stability and agricultural yields, with solitary bees being a group of pollinators of fundamental importance. However, documented declines in populations, exacerbated by environmental pressures, including climate change, pose significant threats to the provision of ecosystem services. Exposure to elevated temperatures during periods of dormancy, such as overwintering, is predicted to lead to phenological shifts, changes in condition, and impacts on survival.

Localized Tissue-Specific Gene Expression and Gene Duplications are Important Sources of Social Morph Differences in a Social Bumblebee.

Understanding the expression of multiple behaviorally and morphologically distinct phenotypes from a single genome represents a fundamental topic in evolutionary biology. Central to the complication of expressing phenotypes, which may differ in their optima, is the sharing of largely the same genome, which is predicted to manifest in conflict at the genomic level. This is particularly true for social insects where molecular mechanisms, such as differential gene expression, contribute to observed phenotypic differences between reproductive and nonreproductive morphs.

Deciphering and Enhancing Rate-Determining Step of Sodium Deposition towards Ultralow-Temperature Sodium Metal Batteries.

Achieving high ionic conductivity and stable performance at low temperatures remains a significant challenge in sodium-metal batteries (SMBs). In this study, we propose a novel electrolyte design strategy that elucidates the solvation structure-function relationship within mixed solvent systems. A mixture of diglyme and 1,3-dioxolane was developed to optimize the solvation structure towards superior low-temperature electrolyte.

Deptor protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the mTOR signaling and autophagy.

Deptor knockout mice were constructed by crossing Deptor Floxp3 mice with myh6 Cre mice, establishing a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model. Deptor knockout mice exhibited significantly increased myocardial infarction size and increased myocardial apoptosis in vivo. ELISA analysis indicated that the expression of CK-MB, LDH, and CtnT/I was significantly higher in the Deptor knockout mice.

Mid-Term Outcomes of K-Clip Transcatheter Tricuspid Annuloplasty System in Patients With Severe Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Background: Conservative treatments for tricuspid regurgitation (TR) frequently yield suboptimal outcomes. Transcatheter interventions provide a new therapeutic avenue, with ongoing assessments of safety and effectiveness.

Objectives: The TriStar (Confirmatory Clinical Study of Treating Tricuspid Regurgitation With K-Clip™ Transcatheter Annuloplasty System) study investigated 1-year outcomes of the K-Clip transcatheter tricuspid annuloplasty system in treating patients with severe functional TR.

Investigating intra-tumoural heterogeneity and microenvironment diversity in primary cardiac angiosarcoma through single-cell RNA sequencing.

Background: Primary cardiac angiosarcoma (PCAS) is a rare and aggressive heart tumour with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Understanding cellular heterogeneity and tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for the development of effective therapies. Here, we investigated the intratumoural heterogeneity and TME diversity of PCAS using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through SIRT1 Loss Potentiates Overproduction of Exosomes in Cardiomyocytes.

Mutual interaction between doxorubicin (DOX) and cardiomyocytes is crucial for cardiotoxicity progression. Cardiomyocyte injury is an important pathological feature of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, and its molecular pathogenesis is multifaceted. In addition to the direct toxic effects of DOX on cardiomyocytes, DOX-induced exosomes in the extracellular microenvironment also regulate the pathophysiological states of cardiomyocytes.

Reconfiguring FeN sites through axial FeO clusters to enhance d-orbital electronic delocalization for improved oxygen reduction reaction.

Effectively controlling the electronic configuration of metal sites within single-atom catalysts (SACs) is essential for improving their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. Here, we construct hybrid catalysts featuring Fe single atoms and FeO clusters (Fe SACs/FeO@NHPC) to realize highly efficient ORR. Specifically, the Fe SACs/FeO@NHPC delivers a remarkable half-wave potential (E) of 0.

Developmental time pattern of Thanatophilus sinuatus at different constant and variable temperatures.

As a forensically important species, Thanatophilus sinuatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) is often active and widely distributed on animal and human carcasses. Although there is developmental data available for this species under small-group feeding conditions, there is still a lack of data on the developmental time of this species under aggregate feeding conditions, focusing on each developmental stage. Also, there are no studies on the development of this species under variable temperatures.

30-Day Outcomes of Transcatheter Tricuspid Annuloplasty With the K-Clip System: A Single-Center, Observational Study.

Background: Surgery for isolated functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) poses a high risk. Several transcatheter approaches are being evaluated for the treatment of such patients. The K-Clip system is a percutaneous approach designed for functional TR; however, its utility remains unknown.

Deciphering and Integrating Functionalized Side Chains for High Ion-Conductive Elastic Ternary Copolymer Solid-State Electrolytes for Safe Lithium Metal Batteries.

A critical challenge in solid polymer lithium batteries is developing a polymer matrix that can harmonize ionic transportation, electrochemical stability, and mechanical durability. We introduce a novel polymer matrix design by deciphering the structure-function relationships of polymer side chains. Leveraging the molecular orbital-polarity-spatial freedom design strategy, a high ion-conductive hyperelastic ternary copolymer electrolyte (CPE) is synthesized, incorporating three functionalized side chains of poly-2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl acrylate (PTFEA), poly(vinylene carbonate) (PVC), and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA).

Enabling an Inorganic-Rich Interface via Cationic Surfactant for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries.

An anion-rich electric double layer (EDL) region is favorable for fabricating an inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) towards stable lithium metal anode in ester electrolyte. Herein, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, is adopted to draw more anions into EDL by ionic interactions that shield the repelling force on anions during lithium plating. In situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy results combined with molecular dynamics simulations validate the enrichment of NO/FSI anions in the EDL region due to the positively charged CTA.

Association between modifiable lifestyle factors and telomere length: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Telomere length has long been recognized as a valuable biomarker of aging and is inversely correlated with chronological age. Various lifestyle factors have been implicated in telomere shortening or preservation; however, the association between lifestyle factors and telomere length remains controversial. To address this issue, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal associations between multiple lifestyle factors and telomere length.

Genetics of mood instability and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are significant contributors to global disability and mortality. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, emerging evidence has suggested that mental health plays a critical role as a risk factor for CVDs. The present study aimed to determine the associations between mood instability and CVDs using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Structural determinants specific for retromer protein sorting nexin 5 in regulating subcellular retrograde membrane trafficking.

The endosomal trafficking of signaling membrane proteins, such as receptors, transporters and channels, is mediated by the retromer-mediated sorting machinery, composed of a cargo-selective vacuolar protein sorting trimer and a membrane-deforming subunit of sorting nexin proteins. Recent studies have shown that the isoforms, sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) and SNX6, have played distinctive regulatory roles in retrograde membrane trafficking. However, the molecular insight determined functional differences within the proteins remains unclear.

Unraveling the Intricate Roles of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Physiological Significance and Pathological Implications.

Exosomes, as potent intercellular communication tools, have garnered significant attention due to their unique cargo-carrying capabilities, which enable them to influence diverse physiological and pathological functions. Extensive research has illuminated the biogenesis, secretion, and functions of exosomes. These vesicles are secreted by cells in different states, exerting either protective or harmful biological functions.