MiR-195-5p regulates oxidative stress and aerobic metabolism by directly downregulating GLS2 in high glucose-induced human lens epithelial cells.

Objective: To investigated how miR-195-5p affects oxidative stress and modulates aerobic metabolism.

Materials And Methods: MiR-195-5p plus GLS2 mRNA was identified by conducting real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was conducted to determine GLS2 protein expression.

ESO-Shanghai 20: phase III clinical trial of anti-PD-1 therapy with local intervention for oligometastatic ESCC.

NCT06190782 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Targeting Dicer reprograms tumor-associated macrophages to promote anti-tumoral immunity in colorectal cancer liver metastasis.

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute significantly to immunosuppression in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM), leading to high aggressiveness and poor prognosis. However, the key molecules involved in shaping TAMs toward the pro-tumoral phenotype in CRLM remain unclear, limiting the development of macrophage-mediated immunotherapies for CRLM.

Results: In this study, we showed that DICER1 was highly expressed in TAMs and closely associated with M2 polarization in CRLM.

Rapid C-S Bond Cleavage via 1,6-Benzyl Elimination for Traceless Modification of Bioactive Peptides.

Peptides and proteins are invaluable therapeutics and biological tools, where stimuli-responsive and fully reversible conjugation chemistry is essential to advances in drug delivery systems and chemical biology. However, methods that allow precise conjugation, efficient regulation of biochemical functions, and customized recovery of parent peptides remain underdeveloped. Here, we introduce a straightforward yet powerful reversible chemical strategy targeting methionine (Met), a widespread yet low abundance amino acid in peptides and proteins.

Immune regulation and repair of osteochondral defects using manganese-luteolin hydrogel scaffold.

To investigate the effects of a 3D-printed Mn-Lut nanoflower-loaded biphasic hydrogel scaffold on the immune response and regenerative potential in a rat osteochondral defect model. The Mn-Lut-loaded biphasic hydrogel scaffold was synthesized and evaluated for its mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In vitro experiments with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were performed to evaluate cell differentiation, survival, and immune modulation.

Blood metabolites, protein regulatory networks and their roles in pan-cancer: a mendelian randomisation study.

Background: Metabolic dysregulation was closely associated with cancers. However, there is a lack of studies to explore the relationship between blood metabolites, related proteins, and different types of cancer.

Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to assess the causal effects of genetically determined metabolites and metabolite ratios on solid cancers.

A General Direct Aldehyde C-H Alkylation via TBADT-Nickel Synergistic Catalysis.

Herein, we present a nickel/tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT)-catalyzed protocol for general C-H alkylation of aldehydes, enabling the efficient synthesis of aliphatic ketones through ligand-controlled cross-coupling. This mild and cost-effective methodology demonstrates broad substrate compatibility with various commercially available aldehydes and both activated and unactivated alkyl bromides, delivering target products in high yields. Notably, the practical utility of this catalytic system has been highlighted through a concise two-step synthesis of the commercially valuable musk odorant Aurelione from readily available starting materials.

Mechanism and Origin of Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Construction of C(sp)-C(sp) Bonds from Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives.

Nickel-catalyzed arylation of carboxylic acids provides a ligand-controlled chemoselectivity-switchable method for the construction of C(sp)-C(sp) bonds. Here, we employed density functional theory to provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism and origin of nickel-catalyzed ligand-controlled carbonyl transformation. This reaction generates decarbonylation products through oxidative addition, activation of C-C bonds, decarbonylation, binding of alkyl radicals with Ni(III) complexes, and final reduction elimination step.

Hard example mining in Multi-Instance Learning for Whole-Slide Image Classification.

Multiple instance learning(MIL) has shown superior performance in the classification of whole-slide images(WSIs). The implementation of multiple instance learning for WSI classification typically involves two components, i.e.

Dynamic changes and future trend predictions of the global burden of anxiety disorders: analysis of 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2021 and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Anxiety disorders is a significant contributor to the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exacerbated the issue. Previous studies have not examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety disorders over the entire time series, nor have they offered predictions regarding future trends of global anxiety disorders in the aftermath of the pandemic. This study aims to present the Age-Standardized Prevalence Rates (ASPR), Age-Standardized Incidence Rates (ASIR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries and regions, emphasizing the age structure and the disease burden following the pandemic.

Tyrosinase-Catalyzed Peptide Stapling Using Para-Amino Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Anchoring Residues.

Peptide stapling techniques have historically relied on metal-catalyzed chemical reactions, with no examples using enzymes. Here, inspired by tyrosinase-mediated oxidation, we describe the efficient side-chain to side-chain coupling of p-amino phenylalanine (Z) and tyrosine (Y) amino acids using a commercially available tyrosinase. Stapling reactions between the i, i+3 to i, i+7 positions were all performed, proceeding in good conversion and under mild conditions compatible with various side chains, functional motifs and ring sizes, with the Z-Y product found to be more stable and obtained in a higher yield than the Y-Z product.

Hormetic responses to cadmium exposure in wheat seedlings: insights into morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations.

Cadmium is commonly recognized as toxic to plant growth, low-level Cd has promoting effects on growth performance, which is so-called hormesis. Although Cd toxicity in wheat has been widely investigated, knowledge of growth response to a broad range of Cd concentrations, especially extremely low concentrations, is still unknown. In this study, the morphological, physiological, and biochemical performance of wheat seedlings to a wide range of Cd concentrations (0-100 µΜ) were explored.

Dual beam optical coherence tomography angiography for decoupling axial velocity gradient.

Axial velocity gradient (AVG) in the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) signal affects measurement accuracy when the flow is not perpendicular to the scanning beam. We developed a dual beam OCTA method to decouple the contribution of AVG from the decorrelation signal. Decoupling is first verified by phantom experiments which reduces measurement uncertainty from 1.

The biological function of demethylase ALKBH1 and its role in human diseases.

AlkB homolog 1 (ALKBH1) is a member of the AlkB family of dioxygenases that are dependent on Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate. Mounting evidence demonstrates that ALKBH1 exhibits enzymatic activity against various substrates, including N6-methyladenosine (mA), N1-methyladenosine (mA), N3-methylcytidine (mC), 5-methylcytosine (mC), N6-methyladenine (N-mA, 6mA), and H2A, indicating its dual roles in different biological processes and involvement in human diseases. Up to the present, there is ongoing debate regarding ALKBH1's enzymatic activity.

Transition and trend analysis of the burden of depression in China and different income countries: Based on GBD database and joinpoint regression model.

Background: Depression is a leading cause of disability and poor health worldwide and is expected to rank first worldwide by 2030. The aim of this study is to analyze the transition and trend of depression burden in China and various income-level countries by utilizing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Joinpoint regression model. This analysis seeks to comprehend the variations in the burden of depression across different income regions and evaluate their developmental patterns.

[Effect of Exogenous Chitosan on Physiological Properties, Antioxidant Activity, and Cadmium Uptake of Wheat ( L.) Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress].

This research aimed to clarify the effects of exogenously applied chitosan on the physiological characteristics, antioxidant activities, and Cd accumulation of wheat ( L.) seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress and to identify the key indicators based on the partial least squares model. The wheat variety studied was Bainong207 (BN207), and Cd-stress was achieved by growing seedlings in a hydroponic culture experiment with 10 and 25 μmol·L Cd added to the culture solution.

Foveal Retinal Ganglion Cells Develop Altered Calcium Dynamics Weeks After Photoreceptor Ablation.

Purpose: Physiological changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have been reported in rodent models of photoreceptor (PR) loss, but this has not been investigated in primates. By expressing both a calcium indicator (GCaMP6s) and an optogenetic actuator (ChrimsonR) in foveal RGCs of the macaque, we reactivated RGCs and assessed their response in the weeks and years after PR loss.

Design: We used an calcium imaging approach to record optogenetically evoked activity in deafferented RGCs in primate fovea.

Characterizing the Efficacy and Safety of Chemotherapy Plus Everolimus in HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Harboring Altered PI3K/AKT/mTOR.

Background: The clinical outcomes of chemotherapy (CT) for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative (TN) and hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) have proven to be disappointing. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway, a tumor-promoting signaling cascade frequently mutated in breast cancer (BC), has been implicated in chemoresistance. In this study, our objective is to investigate the efficacy and safety of combining everolimus with chemotherapy in mBC patients exhibiting mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

[Mitigative Effect of Rare Earth Element Cerium on the Growth of Zinc-stressed Wheat （ L.）Seedlings].

This research aimed to clarify the mitigative effect of exogenously applied rare earth element cerium （Ce） on the growth， zinc （Zn） accumulation， and physiological characteristics of wheat （ L.） seedlings under Zn stress. The wheat variety studied was Bainong307 （BN307）， and Zn stress was achieved by growing seedlings in a hydroponic culture experiment with 500 μmol·L Zn added to the culture solution.

Computational Exploration of 1,2-Carboamine Carbonylation Catalyzed by Nickel.

Nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of alkenes is a stereoselective and regioselective method for the synthesis of amide compounds. Theoretical predictions with density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity and regioselectivity for the nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of norbornene. The carbonylation reaction proceeds through oxidative addition, migration insertion of alkenes, and subsequent reduction elimination to afford -carbonylation product.

A novel PANoptosis-related long non-coding RNA index to predict prognosis, immune microenvironment and personalised treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: PANoptosis is involved in the interaction of apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, playing a role in programmed cell death. Moreover, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the PCD. This work aims to explore the role of PANoptosis-associated lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Coaxial Bright and Dark Field Optical Coherence Tomography.

To improve the signal collection efficiency of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for biomedical applications. A novel coaxial optical design was implemented, utilizing a wavefront-division beam splitter in the sample arm with a 45-degree rod mirror. This design allowed for the simultaneous collection of bright and dark field signals.

A novel sphingolipid metabolism-related long noncoding RNA signature predicts the prognosis, immune landscape and therapeutic response in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Sphingolipid metabolism affects prognosis and resistance to immunotherapy in patients with cancer and is an emerging target in cancer therapy with promising diagnostic and prognostic value. Long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) broadly regulate tumour-associated metabolic reprogramming. However, the potential of sphingolipid metabolism-related lncRNAs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is poorly understood.