Progress of a Novel Dentistry Teaching Model Based on the Combination of Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Optimizing Cognitive Load: A Systematic Review.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have advanced significantly over the past few decades, expanding into various fields, including dental education.

Purpose: To comprehensively review the application of VR and AI technologies in dentistry training, focusing on their impact on cognitive load management and skill enhancement. This study systematically summarizes the existing literature by means of a scoping review to explore the effects of the application of these technologies and to explore future directions.

A Brief Review of the Role of Macrophage Hypoxia in SiO-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Silicosis, a severe occupational chronic pneumonia, results from prolonged exposure to high concentrations of crystalline SiO in occupational environments. The inhaled SiO particles recruit and activate alveolar macrophages (AMs), leading to hypoxia within the AMs that causes a series of biological changes in AMs. These changes include morphological alterations, inflammatory responses, cell death, and secretion of fibrosis-associated cytokines, inducing silicosis fibrosis.

L009 peptide as a novel antiangiogenic agent for corneal neovascularization via regulation of the TNFSF15-VEGF axis.

Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a leading cause of vision impairment, with existing therapeutic options offering limited efficacy. This study presents L009, a novel antiangiogenic agent derived from the Kringle 5 domain of human plasminogen, specifically a heptapeptide, designed to treat CNV. In preclinical models, L009 demonstrated substantial efficacy by markedly inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration, reducing vascular permeability, and maintaining ocular safety.

Erratum: BMAL1-TTK-H2Bub1 loop deficiency contributes to impaired BM-MSC-mediated bone formation in senile osteoporosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.

Polyhedral Crystal Films of Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Porous crystal films offer great potential for tackling energy and environmental challenges. However, despite over a decade of intensive research, covalent organic framework (COF) films exhibiting polyhedral textures reflective of their crystalline nature remain exceedingly rare. Here we present a scalable and adaptable biphasic strategy to synthesize pyrene (Py)-COF polyhedral crystal films with exceptional crystalline order under ambient conditions.

Chronic sleep deprivation induces plasma exosome-derived miR-150-5p downregulation as a novel mechanism involved in Parkinson's disease progression by targeting DCLK1.

Background: Researches have suggested that chronic sleep deprivation (SD) can lead to neurological dysfunction and facilitate the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between SD and PD remains unclear. Exosome (exo) cargo comprises microRNAs (miRNAs), which are potential regulators of PD.

ROS-Dependent Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Involved in Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis through the GRP78/CHOP/TXNIP/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Several studies have suggested that silica-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate the endoplasmic reticulum to undergo endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which eventually leads to pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanisms by which ROS-dependent ERS leads to silicosis and fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, male rats were intratracheally instilled with a single dose of crystalline silica (SiO2) suspension (100 mg/mL, 1 mL) to establish silicosis and then were injected intravenously with 1 mL of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) (at the dose of 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg, respectively) daily to inhibit ROS-dependent ERS.

Role of macrophage ATP metabolism disorder in SiO‑induced pulmonary fibrosis: a review.

Silicosis, a chronic lung disease, results from prolonged inhalation of silica dust (SiO) in occupational environments, and its pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. Studies have shown that alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a pivotal role in its development. These AMs phagocytose the inhaled SiO, which leads to morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities that result in lung fibrosis.

SiO particles induce pulmonary fibrosis by modulating NLRP3 through the ROS/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats.

Recent studies have shown that the activation of the ROS-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the pathogenesis of silicosis; however, the mechanism by which SiO-induced ROS activates NLRP3 remains unclear. In this study, rats were intratracheally instilled with a SiO suspension once and then received daily intravenous injections of NAC (at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively) to inhibit SiO-induced ROS. Rats that were intratracheally instilled with a SiO suspension once served as silicosis models, while those that were intratracheally instilled with PBS once served as controls.

Approaches to Establish an Animal Model With Composite Bone-soft Tissue Defects for Complex Regenerative Strategies.

Regenerative strategies of composite tissue defects represent a formidable clinical challenge due to the distinct regeneration pathways of each tissue type and their complex interactions. To address the limitations of single-tissue defect models, the authors firstly established an animal model with simultaneously composite bone-soft tissue defects and then observed the wound healing, body weight, and overall health after the operation. The soft tissue defects exhibited complete macroscopic closure within 21 days.

Mobile Constituent-Boosted Dynamic Separation of CH/CH/CO Ternary Mixtures in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The separation of acetylene (CH), ethylene (CH), and carbon dioxide (CO) is critical in the chemical industry, driven by the increasing demand for high-purity CH and CH. While metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer an energy-efficient approach for adsorptive gas separation, achieving sub-angstrom precision in pore size adjustment remains challenging. In this work, we leverage two synergistic mechanisms in a double-interpenetrated framework: (1) global structural flexibility, arising from dynamic displacement of subnetworks to tailor pore dimensions, and (2) local flexibility, enabled by counterion and ligand rotation, to modulate the aperture binding affinity for precise molecular discrimination.

Deciphering Mechanisms of CO-Selective Recognition over Acetylene within Porous Materials.

Reverse adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO) from acetylene (CH) presents both significant importance and formidable challenges, particularly in the context of carbon capture, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. In this Review, we delve into the burgeoning field of reverse CO/CH adsorption and separation, underscoring the absence of a cohesive materials design strategy and a comprehensive understanding of the CO-selective capture mechanisms from CH, in contrast to the quite mature methodologies available for CH-selective adsorption. Focusing on porous materials, the latest advancements in CO-selective recognition mechanisms are highlighted.

Current applications, future Perspectives and challenges of Organoid technology in oral cancer research.

Oral cancer poses significant health risks with an increasing incidence annually. Despite advancements in treatment methods, their efficacy is frequently constrained by cancer heterogeneity and drug resistance, leading to minimal improvement in the 5-year survival rate. Therefore, there is a critical need for new treatment methods leaded by representative preclinical research models.

miR-207 Suppresses the Progression of SiO-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Targeting Smad3 to Regulate the TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway in C57BL/6 Mice.

Silicosis is a worldwide occupational disease characterized by irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies have showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play a crucial role in silicosis progression by modulating fibrosis-related gene express. In this study, we selected miR-207 as our research subject because we found that miR-207 can be match with Smad3 using bioinformatic techniques, which might silence the key fibrosis-related TGF-β1/Smad3 signal pathway.

Alkali burn injury model of meibomian gland dysfunction in mice.

Aim: To establish a stable, short-time, low-cost and reliable murine model of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Methods: A filter paper sheet soaked in 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was used to touch the eyelid margin of C57BL/6J mice for 10s to establish the model.

Relationship Between Paraspinal Sarcopenia and Lumbar Alignment and Facet Joint Osteoarthritis in Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

Study Design: Retrospective study analysis.

Objective: To explore association between degenerative spinal conditions and paraspinal sarcopenia in patients with severe degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS).

Background: Paraspinal muscles plays an essential role in stabilizing the spine.

Approaches to scarless burn wound healing: application of 3D printed skin substitutes with dual properties of anti-infection and balancing wound hydration levels.

Background: Severe burn wounds face two primary challenges: dysregulated cellular impairment functions following infection and an unbalanced wound hydration microenvironment leading to excessive inflammation and collagen deposition. These results in hypertrophic scar contraction, causing significant deformity and disability in survivors.

Methods: A three-dimensional (3D) printed double-layer hydrogel (DLH) was designed and fabricated to address the problem of scar formation after burn injury.

The multifaceted role of macrophage mitophagy in SiO-induced pulmonary fibrosis: A brief review.

Prolonged exposure to environments with high concentrations of crystalline silica (CS) can lead to silicosis. Macrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of silicosis. In the process of silicosis, silica (SiO) invades alveolar macrophages (AMs) and induces mitophagy which usually exists in three states: normal, excessive, and/or deficiency.

Sulfonate Functional Ultramicroporous Materials with Suitable Pore Size and Layer-Stacked Structure for C4 Olefins Purification.

Selective recognition of 1,3-butadiene from complex olefin isomers is vital for 1,3-butadiene purification, but the lack of porous materials with suitable pore structures results in poor selectivity and low capacity in C4 olefin separation. Herein, two sulfonate-functionalized organic frameworks, ZU-601 and ZU-602, are designed and show impressive separation performance toward C4 olefins. Benefiting from the suitable aperture size caused by the flexibility of coordinated organic ligand, ZU-601, ZU-602 that are pillared with different sulfonate anions could discriminate C4 olefin isomers with high uptake ratio: 1,3-butadiene/1-butene (207), 1,3-butadiene/-2-butene (10.

CYP7B1-mediated 25-hydroxycholesterol degradation maintains quiescence-activation balance and improves therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells.

Stem cells remain quiescent in vivo and become activated in response to external stimuli. However, the mechanism regulating the quiescence-activation balance of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that CYP7B1 was the common critical molecule that promoted activation and impeded quiescence of BM-MSCs under inflammatory stimulation.

TNF-α-Induced KAT2A Impedes BMMSC Quiescence by Mediating Succinylation of the Mitophagy-Related Protein VCP.

Regular quiescence and activation are important for the function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC), multipotent stem cells that are widely used in the clinic due to their capabilities in tissue repair and inflammatory disease treatment. TNF-α is previously reported to regulate BMMSC functions, including multilineage differentiation and immunoregulation. The present study demonstrates that TNF-α impedes quiescence and promotes the activation of BMMSC in vitro and in vivo.

Silicon dioxide-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress of alveolar macrophages and its role on the formation of silicosis fibrosis: a review article.

Silicosis is a chronic lung inflammatory disease induced by long-term inhalation of high concentrations of silicon dioxide (SiO), characterized by pulmonary fibrosis. Inhalation of silica invades alveolar macrophages (AMs) and changes the micro-environment of the cell, resulting in abnormal morphology and dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Once beyond the range of cell regulation, the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) will occur, which will lead to cell damage, necrosis, and apoptosis, eventually causing silicosis fibrosis through various mechanisms.