Limosilactobacillus reuteri-butyrate axis in depression therapy: A key pathway discovered through a novel preclinical human flora-associated animal model.

The transition from preclinical to clinical drug development is critically impeded by interspecies disparities, which limit the predictive validity of preclinical efficacy for human outcomes. To address this limitation, we established a human flora-associated depression rat (HFADR) model through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The HFADR model bridges the preclinical-clinical translation by recapitulating conserved microbial-host interactions identified through multi-omics analysis in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model and in patients with major depressive disorder.

PD-1 Bispecific Killer Engager (PD-1 BiKE) effectively depletes effector T lymphocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background: Bispecific killer engagers (BiKEs), which harness natural killer cells to deplete target cells, have garnered success in ablating tumor cells but have not been well explored in eliminating primary cells, such as effector cells in autoimmune diseases. Previously, we reported a BiKE that targeted human lymphocytes expressing programmed death-1 (PD-1). The BiKE was shown to promote NK cell-mediated depletion of PD-1+ cells in vitro.

TGF-β-activated NK-92 cell therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant histological type of esophageal cancer in China, with a poor outcome and limited treatment options. The cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells, independent of specific antigen recognition, renders them a promising candidate for cell-based immunotherapy of cancers. However, immunosuppressive cytokines, particularly TGF-β, are highly expressed in the ESCC tumor microenvironment and exert strong inhibitory effects on NK cells.

Model-Based Control of a Continuum Manipulator with Online Jacobian Error Compensation Using Kalman Filtering.

Flexible continuum robots exhibit excellent adaptability to a wide range of tasks and environments. However, accurate and efficient modeling and control remain challenging due to their inherent nonlinearities. In this article, a hybrid model-based and online data-driven control method is proposed for a tendon-driven continuum robot, which requires no prior dataset collection or training.

CMDMamba: dual-layer Mamba architecture with dual convolutional feed-forward networks for efficient financial time series forecasting.

Introduction: Transformer models have demonstrated remarkable performance in financial time series forecasting. However, they suffer from inefficiencies in computational efficiency, high operational costs, and limitations in capturing temporal dependencies.

Methods: To address these challenges, we propose the CMDMamba model, which is based on the Mamba architecture of state-space models (SSMs) and achieves near-linear time complexity.

Glutamic Acid at Position 343 in PB2 Contributes to the Virulence of H1N1 Swine Influenza Virus in Mice.

The H1N1 swine influenza viruses CQ91 and CQ445, isolated from pigs in China, exhibited distinct virulence in mice despite sharing similar genomic constellations. CQ91 demonstrated higher pathogenicity (MLD: 5.4 log EID) and replication efficiency in mice compared to CQ445 (MLD: 6.

Intranasal Administration of Cold-Adapted Live-Attenuated Eurasian Avian-like H1N1 Vaccine Candidate Confers Protection Against Different-Lineage H1N1 Viruses in Mice.

Background/objectives: Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 swine influenza viruses, with their persistent evolution and zoonotic potential, seriously threaten both swine and human health. The objective was to develop an effective vaccine against these viruses.

Methods: A cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) candidate, GX18, was developed.

Knowledge-enhanced protein subcellular localization prediction from 3D fluorescence microscope images.

Motivation: Pinpointing the subcellular location of proteins is essential for studying protein function and related diseases. Advances in spatial proteomics have shown that automatic recognition of protein subcellular localization from images could highly facilitate protein translocation analysis and biomarker discovery, but existing machine-learning works have been mostly limited to processing 2D images. By contrast, 3D images have higher spatial resolution and allow researchers to observe cellular structures in their natural context, but currently, there are only a few studies of 3D image processing for protein distribution analysis due to the lack of data and complexity of modeling.

Microbial Dynamics on Different Microplastics in Coastal Urban Aquatic Ecosystems: The Critical Roles of Extracellular Polymeric Substances.

Microplastics (MPs) serve as carriers for microbial community colonization, forming unique ecosystems known as plastispheres in urban aquatic ecosystems. However, interactions among microbes, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and MPs remain poorly understood. This study investigates microbial consortia and their EPS secretion behaviors across various plastispheres at two representative coastal urban water sites.

Establishing and mapping heat-sensitive disease spectrum in eastern China: A comprehensive analysis of 1.4 million deaths involving 14 major disease categories.

Background: Although high temperatures can affect multiple systems and organs, the comprehensive assessment of heat-sensitive diseases remains unclear. We aimed to establish the heat-related sensitive disease spectrum and assess the relative importance of affected diseases from the health risk and burden perspectives.

Methods: A space-time-stratified case-crossover analysis was used to examine the short-term association between high temperatures and cause-specific deaths in Jiangsu Province, China during the warm season of 2016 to 2019.

Unraveling Excellent Performance in NH-SCR over Cr-Doped NiMn-LDO Catalysts: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study.

A sequence of Cr-doped NiMnO layered double oxide catalysts was synthesized through coprecipitation and applied in selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH-SCR). The catalytic performance for NO reduction was enhanced by tuning the Ni/Mn/Cr molar ratios of the NiMnCr-LDO precursors ( = 1, 2, 3); notably, NiMnCr-LDO achieved over 90% NO conversion and N selectivity within the temperature range of 150-300 °C. Moreover, NiMnCr-LDO demonstrated significant resistance to SO and HO along with exceptional stability.

Prenatal diagnosis of a compound heterozygous variation in the gene by trio-WES and imaging monitoring: a case report.

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 4 (FBXL4) plays a crucial role in mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, and mitochondrial dynamics. The variations in the gene can give rise to encephalomyopathy mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-13 (MTDPS13) characterized by the reduction of mtDNA copy number, leading to deficiencies in mitochondrial functions, which is a serious and rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Patients with variations are usually diagnosed due to the emergence of symptoms in the early stages of life.

Characteristic dysbiosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperuricemia, and the effect of empagliflozin on gut microbiota.

Background: Gut microbiota play a crucial role in metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hyperuricemia (HUA). One-third of uric acid is excreted into the intestinal tract and further metabolized by gut microbiota. Thus, the gut microbiota might be a new therapeutic target for HUA.

Effects of glycemic indicators on early neurological outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis.

Background: Stress hyperglycemia (SH) is a common phenomenon that is present in about 50% of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). It is thought to be a main risk factor for poor functional outcome among patients with AIS undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).

Aim: To investigate the predictive value of glycemic indicators for early neurological outcomes (ENOs) in patients with AIS treated with IVT.

A highland-adaptation variant near MCUR1 reduces its transcription and attenuates erythrogenesis in Tibetans.

To identify genomic regions subject to positive selection that might contain genes involved in high-altitude adaptation (HAA), we performed a genome-wide scan by whole-genome sequencing of Tibetan highlanders and Han lowlanders. We revealed a collection of candidate genes located in 30 genomic loci under positive selection. Among them, MCUR1 at 6p23 was a novel pronounced candidate.

Effective design of therapeutic nanovaccines based on tumor neoantigens.

Neoantigen vaccines are among the most potent immunotherapies for personalized cancer treatment. Therapeutic vaccines containing tumor-specific neoantigens that elicit specific T cell responses offer the potential for long-term clinical benefits to cancer patients. Unlike immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which rely on pre-existing specific T cell responses, personalized neoantigen vaccines not only promote existing specific T cell responses but importantly stimulate the generation of neoantigen-specific T cells, leading to the establishment of a persistent specific memory T cell pool.

Spatial metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking to unveiling in-situ quality markers landscape and reflecting geographic origins of pomegranate seeds.

Pomegranate seeds, a by-product of pomegranate processing, are gaining attention in food industries due to their high antioxidant activity. However, the lack of quality markers reflecting activity and spatial characteristics limits their utilization and product stability. In this research, a selective and sensitive method integrating ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with feature-based molecular networking, and desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging developed to identify components and locate in-situ images of quality markers via spatial metabolomics analysis.

Mapping the terrain of social media misinformation: A scientometric exploration of global research.

The rise of social media has enabled unrestricted information sharing, regardless of its accuracy. Unfortunately, this has also resulted in the widespread dissemination of misinformation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive scientometric analysis under the PRISMA paradigm to clarify the repetitive trajectory of misinformation on social media in the current digital age.

Altered Hippocampal Subfields Functional Connectivity in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Patients With Residual Dizziness: A Resting-State fMRI Study.

Objective: To explore alterations in functional connectivity (FC) focusing on hippocampal subfields in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) patients with residual dizziness (RD) after successful canalith repositioning procedure (CRP).

Methods: We conducted resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on 95 BPPV patients, comprising 50 patients with RD and 45 without. Seed-to-voxel and seed-to-seed analyses were employed to examine changes in FC between the two groups.

LINC01764 promotes colorectal cancer cells proliferation, metastasis, and 5-fluorouracil resistance by regulating glucose and glutamine metabolism via promoting c-MYC translation.

Few biomarkers are available for predicting chemotherapeutic response and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential for CRC development and growth. Therefore, studying lncRNAs may reveal potential predictors of chemotherapy response and prognosis in CRC.

Serum Soluble Corin and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Corin plays important roles in the regulation of blood volume and pressure and cardiac function by activating natriuretic peptide pathway, exerting multiple cardioprotective effects. But the impacts of soluble corin on clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke are unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between serum soluble corin and long-term clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke.

Prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated factors in middle-aged and elderly people in Anhui Province, China: An observational study.

To understand the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in middle-aged and elderly individuals in Anhui Province and to develop a CI risk prediction model. From May to June 2022, a multistage, stratified cluster-sampling method was used to select 3200 middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old in Anhui Province for a questionnaire survey, and the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. SPSS 25.

Advances in tumor stroma-based targeted delivery.

The tumor stroma plays a crucial role in tumor progression, and the interactions between the extracellular matrix, tumor cells, and stromal cells collectively influence tumor progression and the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Currently, utilizing components of the tumor stroma for drug delivery is a noteworthy strategy. A number of targeted drug delivery systems designed based on tumor stromal components are entering clinical trials.

Human esophageal cancer stem-like cells escape the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells via down-regulation of ULBP-1.

Background: Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play an important role in initiation and progression of aggressive cancers, including esophageal cancer. Natural killer (NK) cells are key effector lymphocytes of innate immunity that directly attack a wide variety of cancer cells. NK cell-based therapy may provide a new treatment option for targeting CSCs.