Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA): Resistance, Prevalence, and Coping Strategies.

Increased antimicrobial resistance requires effective ways to overcome the global challenge of bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA). From the emergence of MRSA to its continued evolution, it is important to explore this pathogen from fresh perspectives and develop corresponding coping strategies to counter its growing threat. New coping strategies are continuously emerging, including but not limited to enhancing penetration capabilities or targeting their virulence.

Dimetridazole potentiates cefotaxime against multidrug-resistant E. coli via membrane disruption and fatty acid composition.

The rising prevalence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria have resulted in ineffective treatments, impacting millions of lives globally. In response to these challenges, drug repurposing has garnered attention as a viable alternative to traditional drug discovery and development processes. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of dimetridazole and cefotaxime by evaluating their efficacy against E.

Application of chitosan-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of bacterial diseases: a review.

Bacterial diseases are a significant challenge to human and animal health. The current treatment methods still have obvious shortcomings, such as poor targeting, low bioavailability, high side effects and drug resistance. Chitosan, with its outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, adhesiveness, antimicrobial properties, and ability to minimize drug side effects while improving bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes, serves as an ideal material for drug delivery systems, presenting a promising strategy for treating bacterial diseases.

Research Progress on the Antibacterial Activity of Natural Flavonoids.

The use of antibiotics has greatly improved the treatment of bacterial infections; however, its abuse and misuse has led to a rapid rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Therefore, the search for new antimicrobial strategies has become critical. Natural flavonoids, a class of widely existing phytochemicals, have gained significant research interest for their diverse biological activities and antibacterial effects on various drug-resistant bacteria.

Cyclodextrin inclusion complex enhances solubility and antimicrobial activity of chlortetracycline hydrochloride.

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic used to prevent or resist different bacterial infections. However, due to its poor aqueous stability and physicochemical instability, its clinical development is limited. To improve such properties, CTC complexation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropanol-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was performed using different preparation techniques (Freeze drying and ball milling).

Transglutaminase-mediated glycation and crosslinking of β-lactoglobulin: Effect of amino-saccharides on rheological, thermal, and gelling properties.

β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) was modified with glucosamine (GlcN) or chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) via transglutaminase catalysis to generate the glycated and crosslinked β-Lg (GC-β-Lg), which was investigated for possible property changes. Compared with β-Lg, GC-β-Lg showed more open and disordered secondary structure, enhanced thermal stability within 25-105 °C temperature range, increased particulate size, and higher apparent viscosity in water. Moreover, the used amino-saccharides affected GC-β-Lg's gelation, because COS and GlcN increased gel strength by 158-276 % and 642 %, respectively.

Effect of the flavonoid compound glabridin on tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most prevalent parasites worldwide. At present, the majority of drugs used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis target the tachyzoite stage of T.

Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Rutin with Conventional Antibiotics Against .

Rutin is a widely known plant secondary metabolite that exhibits multiple physiological functions. The present study focused on screening for synergistic antibacterial combinations containing rutin, and further explored the mechanisms behind this synergy. In vitro antibacterial test results of rutin showed that the ranges of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) are 0.

Reference Gene Selection for RT-qPCR Normalization in Exposed to Broxaldine.

Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is widely used to accurately assess target gene expression. Evaluating gene expression requires the selection of appropriate reference genes. To identify reliable reference genes for () under varying concentrations of broxaldine (BRO), we employed the ΔCt method, BestKeeper, NormFinder, GeNorm, and the comprehensive web-based platform RefFinder to assess the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes in .

Polymers Enhance Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride Solubility.

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic with a wide range of antibacterial activities. Due to low solubility, poor stability, and low bioavailability, clinical preparation development is limited. We sought to improve these solubility and dissolution rates by preparing solid dispersions.

Antibacterial activity and mechanism of Stevia extract against antibiotic-resistant by interfering with the permeability of the cell wall and the membrane.

Natural plant-derived compounds with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity have become an effective strategy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The present study was designed to compare the antibacterial activity of six chlorogenic acid (CA) isomers extracted from stevia and investigated the underlying antibacterial mechanisms involved. The results indicated that isochlorogenic acid C (ICAC) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, especially , at a 2 mg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 8 mg/mL minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).

In Vitro Antimicrobial Synergistic Activity and the Mechanism of the Combination of Naringenin and Amikacin Against Antibiotic-Resistant .

Bacterial drug resistance is becoming an increasingly serious problem, and the development of antibacterial synergists is urgently needed. Combining existing antibiotics with promising nonantibiotic agents is one strategy that has been shown to be effective at overcoming the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activities and mechanism of naringenin (NG) combined with amikacin (AMK) against multidrug-resistant ().

Metal-free photoinduced generation and alkynylation of carbamoyl radicals: a facile synthesis of alkynyl amides.

A metal-free photoinduced alkynylation of carbamoyl radicals with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents for a facile synthesis of alkynyl amides is described. This protocol features good functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope for direct synthesis of alkynyl amide derivatives in good to excellent yields under mild and redox-neutral reaction conditions. The synthetic application is demonstrated by the late-stage installation of alkynyl amides into natural products and active pharmaceutical relevant molecules.

In vitro and in vivo activity evaluation and mode of action of broxaldine on Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a highly successful global parasite, infecting about one-third of the world's population and significantly affecting human life and the economy. However, current drugs for toxoplasmosis treatment have considerable side effects, and there is no specific drug to meet current needs.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Novel Griseofulvin Derivatives as Potential Anti-Phytopathogenic Fungi Agents.

The extensive and repeated application of chemical fungicides results in the rapid development of fungicide resistance. Novel antifungal pesticides are urgently required. Natural products have been considered precious sources of pesticides.

An Overview of Polymeric Nanoplatforms to Deliver Veterinary Antimicrobials.

There is an urgent need to find new solutions for the global dilemma of increasing antibiotic resistance in humans and animals. Modifying the performance of existing antibiotics using the nanocarrier drug delivery system (DDS) is a good option considering economic costs, labor costs, and time investment compared to the development of new antibiotics. Numerous studies on nanomedicine carriers that can be used for humans are available in the literature, but relatively few studies have been reported specifically for veterinary pharmaceutical products.

Tn3-like structures co-harboring of bla, bla and bla in the plasmids of two Escherichia coli ST1508 strains originating from dairy cattle in China.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of horizontal transmission of the bla gene and the role of its associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the bovine-derived Escherichia coli. After PCR identification, two plasmids carrying bla were successfully transferred to the recipient E. coli J53 Azr through conjugation assays and subsequently selected for Whole-Genome sequencing (WGS) analysis.

Development of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of Benzoxazolinone-type alkaloids from acanthus plants.

Benzoxazolinone-type alkaloids found in Acanthus ebracteatus and Acanthus ilicifolius Linnaeus possess various beneficial properties, such as antileishmanial, antipyretic, analgesic, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. In this study, we employed a surface imprinting technique on nanomaterials. We utilized functionalized FeO@SiONH as a scaffold, with 2-benzoxazolinone and 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one serving as dual templates, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker, and 2,2-azodiisobutyric nitrile (AIBN) as the initiator.

Multidrug-Resistant Isolate of Chinese Bovine Origin Carrying the Gene Located in IS-Mediated Composite Translocatable Units.

Elevated detection rates of the gene in animals have been reported as a result of antibiotic misuse in clinics. To investigate the horizontal transfer mechanism of and its associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs), we isolated 318 nonrepetitive strains of () from bovine samples in Xinjiang and Gansu provinces, China. All strains were screened for the gene using PCR.

6-benzylaminopurine causes endothelial dysfunctions to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and exacerbates atorvastatin-induced cerebral hemorrhage in zebrafish.

6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), a multifunctional plant growth regulator, which is frequently used worldwide to improve qualities of various crops, is an important ingredient in production of "toxic bean sprouts." Although there is no direct evidence of adverse effects, its hazardous effects, as well as joint toxicity with other chemicals, have received particular attention and aroused furious debate between proponents and environmental regulators. By use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), adverse effects of 6-BA to human-derived cells were first demonstrated in this study.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Derivatives of the Natural Product Griseofulvin against Phytopathogenic Fungi.

Natural products are important sources for the discovery of new pesticides. Chemical synthesis and structural modification can lead to pesticides. Despite abundant research in fungicide discovery for crop protection, there is an emerging need for the development of novel antifungal agrochemicals.

6-Benzylaminopurine causes lipid dyshomeostasis via disruption of glycerophospholipid metabolism in zebrafish.

6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) is ubiquitous in agricultural production and is accessible to humans through diets. The modulation of lipid metabolism by 6-BA has been previously demonstrated in plants and oleaginous microorganisms. Therefore, whether it alters lipid homeostasis in other living organisms requires further investigation.

Virtual Screening and Experimental Verification of LuxS Inhibitors for O157:H7.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important foodborne pathogen that forms biofilms. In this study, three quorum-sensing (QS) inhibitors (M414-3326, 3254-3286, and L413-0180) were obtained through virtual screening, and their antibiofilm activities were validated. Briefly, the three-dimensional structure model of LuxS was constructed and characterized using the SWISS-MODEL.