Effectiveness and usability of care robots in supporting older adults living with frailty: A systematic review.

Objective: Frailty is one of the most problematic expressions of aging and causes older adults to require more assistance in daily life. Care robots have been proposed as a potential solution to bridge the widening gap between the demand and supply of healthcare services. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of care robots in supporting older adults living with frailty.

Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of novel M muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulators for schizophrenia treatment.

The muscarinic acetylcholine M receptor (M mAChR) has emerged as a promising target for schizophrenia treatment. M positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can enhance endogenous acetylcholine signaling by binding to the allosteric site of the receptor. Compared with M agonists, the regulation of M mAChR function by PAMs is more precise and has fewer off-target effects.

Neurobiology of Dystonia: Review of Genetics, Animal Models, and Neuroimaging.

Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of dystonia. The number of identified genes has surged-exceeding 400 by 2024-with approximately 76.6% linked to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients and Mice with Wilson Disease.

Wilson disease (WD) is a copper metabolism disorder caused by ATP7B gene mutations, and hepatic steatosis is not uncommon in WD. Therefore, the effects of ATP7B (ATPase copper-transporting beta) deficiency and/or a high-fat diet (HFD) on the development of steatohepatitis were investigated in mouse models and the relationship of hepatic steatosis with cardiometabolic factors was examined in patients with WD. A retrospective analysis of data was conducted on adults with WD.

Exploration of Two-Dimensional Conductance Along LaAlO/SrTiO Interface for Pressure Sensing.

Dominated by the pressure-origin of strain gradient, the sensitivity of pressure sensor is usually enhanced by reducing the bulk thickness. Considering the degraded robustness of the thin sensing block, it is anticipated to achieve the pressure sensing with high sensitivity and robustness. To address the trade-off between the sensitivity and stability, this investigation explores the two-dimensional (2D) conductance along the LaAlO/SrTiO (LAO/STO) heterojunction as the pressure-sensing block.

A Scoping Review on Long-Term Care Workers' Perceptions of Robot-Assisted Care for Older Adults in Long-Term Care Facilities.

Aims: To synthesise the current research on long-term care workers' perceptions (i.e., attitudes, concerns, and expected functions) of robot-assisted care and their perceived effects of different types of robot-assisted care for older adults in long-term care facilities.

Estimating the seasonal and spatial variation of urban vegetation's PM removal capacity.

Fine particulate matter (PM) is one of the most severe factors contributing to urban air pollution, posing significant risks to human health and environmental quality. Urban vegetation, acting as a natural method for pollution mitigation, can effectively reduce harmful air particle concentrations through processes like adsorption and deposition. While much research has quantified urban vegetation's role in PM removal, the spatial variability and seasonal fluctuations of this process in urban environments remain poorly understood.

[Factors associated with the care needs of the older adults based on different disability levels].

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the care needs of the older adults aged 65-105 by age groups, and to compare these factors across different age groups.

Methods: A total of 12 244 older adults from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey (CLHLS) conducted in 2018 were included in the analyses. The participants were categorized into three age groups: young-old (aged 65-79), middle-old (aged 80-89), and oldest-old (aged 90-105).

HNRNPA2B1 stabilizes NFATC3 levels to potentiate its combined actions with FOSL1 to mediate vasculogenic mimicry in GBM cells.

Background: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is an enigmatic physiological feature that influences blood supply within glioblastoma (GBM) tumors for their sustained growth. Previous studies identify NFATC3, FOSL1 and HNRNPA2B1 as significant mediators of VEGFR2, a key player in vasculogenesis, and their molecular relationships may be crucial for VM in GBM.

Aims: The aim of this study was to understand how NFATC3, FOSL1 and HNRNPA2B1 collectively influence VM in GBM.

Anatomical substrates and connectivity for bradykinesia motor features in Parkinson's disease after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.

Parkinsonian bradykinesia is rated using a composite scale incorporating the slowed frequency of repetitive movements, decrement amplitude and arrhythmicity. Differential localization of these movement components within the basal ganglia will drive the development of more personalized network-targeted symptomatic therapies. In this study, using an optical motion sensor, we evaluated the amplitude and frequency of hand movements during a grasping task with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation 'on' or 'off' in 15 patients with Parkinson's disease.

Predictive value of ellipsoid zone-related angle parameters in primary surgery of large macular hole: a case control study.

Background: To explore the predictive value of Ellipsoid Zone (EZ) -related angle parameters for the outcome of primary macular hole surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with large macular hole (MH) (minimum diameter > 500 μm) between 2018 and 2021 were enrolled.

Leveraging GPT-4 for food effect summarization to enhance product-specific guidance development via iterative prompting.

Food effect summarization from New Drug Application (NDA) is an essential component of product-specific guidance (PSG) development and assessment, which provides the basis of recommendations for fasting and fed bioequivalence studies to guide the pharmaceutical industry for developing generic drug products. However, manual summarization of food effect from extensive drug application review documents is time-consuming. Therefore, there is a need to develop automated methods to generate food effect summary.

Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word Recognition.

Although the age of acquisition (AoA) effect has been established in numerous studies, how emotion word processing is modulated by AoA, along with affective factors, such as valence and arousal, is not well understood. Hence, the influence of age of acquisition (AoA), valence, and arousal on Chinese emotion word recognition was investigated through two experiments. Experiment 1 ( = 30) adopted a valence judgment task to explore the roles of valence and AoA in emotion word recognition, whereas Experiment 2 ( = 30) used a lexical decision task to examine AoA and arousal effects.

PharmBERT: a domain-specific BERT model for drug labels.

Human prescription drug labeling contains a summary of the essential scientific information needed for the safe and effective use of the drug and includes the Prescribing Information, FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guides, Patient Package Inserts and/or Instructions for Use), and/or carton and container labeling. Drug labeling contains critical information about drug products, such as pharmacokinetics and adverse events. Automatic information extraction from drug labels may facilitate finding the adverse reaction of the drugs or finding the interaction of one drug with another drug.

Potential dynamic changes of single-season rice planting suitability across China.

As an important food crop in China, changes in suitable areas for rice planting are critical to agricultural production. In this study, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was utilized to pick the main climatic factors affecting single-season rice planting distribution and project the potential changes under RCP4.5 and RCP8.

Anatomical Substrates and Connectivity for Parkinson's Disease Bradykinesia Components after STN-DBS.

Background: Parkinsonian bradykinesia is rated using a composite scale incorporating slowed frequency of repetitive movements, decrement amplitude, and arrhythmicity. Differential localization of these movement components within basal ganglia would drive the development of more personalized network-targeted symptomatic therapies.

Methods: Using an optical motion sensor, amplitude and frequency of hand movements during grasping task were evaluated with subthalamic nucleus (STN)-Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) "on" or "off" in 15 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Fine-tuning BERT for automatic ADME semantic labeling in FDA drug labeling to enhance product-specific guidance assessment.

Product-specific guidances (PSGs) recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are instrumental to promote and guide generic drug product development. To assess a PSG, the FDA assessor needs to take extensive time and effort to manually retrieve supportive drug information of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) from the reference listed drug labeling. In this work, we leveraged the state-of-the-art pre-trained language models to automatically label the ADME paragraphs in the pharmacokinetics section from the FDA-approved drug labeling to facilitate PSG assessment.

Surveillance of the progression and assessment of treatment endpoints for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an aggressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by steatosis-associated inflammation and liver injury. Without effective treatment or management, NASH can have life-threatening outcomes. Evaluation and identification of NASH patients at risk for adverse outcomes are therefore important.

Online platforms' framing around vaping.

In this paper, we provide a descriptive overview of how vaping is framed differently between various online platforms (Wikipedia, Quora, Medium, Reddit, Stack Exchange, wikiHow, Facebook, and online news media). We provide an overview of >1 million posts and news articles about vaping to study the differences in framing between online platforms. Findings indicate an inconsistent framing around vaping across platforms.

Reversible stability of colloids switched by CO based on polyhexamethylene guanidine.

The stability of a colloid, including emulsion and polymer latex, can be destroyed irreversibly by the addition of salt. Using the CO stimulus, amines can be converted into organic ammonium salts reversibly, which can access the switching of colloids. Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), was chosen as a switchable amine.

Confining Nano-FeO in the Superhydrophilic Membrane Skin Layer to Minimize Internal Fouling.

Membrane surface fouling is often reversible as it can be mitigated by enhancing the crossflow shear force. However, membrane internal fouling is often irreversible and thus more challenging. In this study, we developed a new superhydrophilic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (P-PVDF) membrane confined with nano-FeO in the top skin layer via reverse filtration to reduce internal fouling.

Therapeutic developments in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide, bringing risk of multiorgan disfunctions including cardiovascular events, complications of cirrhosis, and even malignance. In terms of health burden management, screening patients with high risk of MAFLD and providing individual comprehensive treatment is critical. Although there are numerous agents entering clinical trials for MAFLD treatment every year, there is still no effective approved drug.

Altered expression levels of miR-144-3p and ATP1B2 are associated with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disease. Various microRNAs were proven to be associated with schizophrenia. Altered microRNA-144-3p (miR-144-3p) levels were found in various neurological and psychotic disorders.