Exogenous Mitochondrial Pretreatment Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of UC-MSCs on NAFLD in Type 2 Diabetic Mice by Mediating Mitochondrial Transfer.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease and is a comorbidity in type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes and NAFLD through mitochondrial transfer initiated by signaling from injured recipient cells. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether exogenous mitochondrial preconditioning of MSCs could exert superior effects on NAFLD and explore the role of MSCs-mediated mitochondrial transfer into hepatocyte.

Heterogeneity of diabetes and disease progression with a tree-like representation: findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study.

Aims/hypothesis: Diabetes heterogeneity has been modelled as a continuum in European populations, but its phenotypes and long-term comorbidity risks remain unclear in Chinese individuals. This study aimed to identify distinct phenotypes and evaluate their links to future cardiometabolic risks in a large Chinese cohort.

Methods: The discriminative dimensionality reduction with trees (DDRTree) algorithm was used to develop a tree structure based on nine clinical variables.

Colchicine alleviates atherosclerosis combined with diabetes mellitus by targeting PIM2 and regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide due to the aging population. Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for the development of CHD, existing anti-atherosclerotic therapies do not adequately address the mechanism underlying the exacerbation of CHD in diabetic patients. Derived from the Colchicum autumnale plant, colchicine has recently gained recognition as a novel anti-inflammatory agent for CHD.

Revisiting obesity thresholds for cardiovascular disease and mortality risk in Chinese adults: Age- and gender-specific insights.

Current obesity classifications may not adequately reflect age- and gender-specific risks in diverse populations. In a prospective cohort study of 166,285 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer, we evaluate optimal thresholds of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for predicting incident CVD and all-cause mortality. We observe monotonically increasing dose-response associations of BMI, WC, and WHR with CVD risk but U-shaped relationships with all-cause mortality.

Clinical Use of Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec: Translating Clinical Trial Data into Practical Guidance for Diabetes Management.

Insulin icodec (icodec) is a first-in-class once-weekly basal insulin approved for the treatment of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Healthcare professionals (HCPs) may benefit from clear and practical guidance on translating the use of icodec from a controlled clinical trial setting into real-world clinical practice to ensure its appropriate implementation. Here, we primarily review the available evidence for icodec in T2D to provide evidence-based clinical recommendations and expert opinions to guide the use of icodec in a clinical setting.

Ectopic ACTH Syndrome Caused by Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review.

Introduction: Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome caused by pheochromocytoma is extremely rare, and its highly variable clinical manifestations make diagnosis challenging.

Case Presentation: This report describes a case of a 48-year-old female with typical Cushingoid features who complained of edema in both lower limbs for 20 days. Laboratory testing showed hypokalemia with metabolic alkalosis, high levels of cortisol and ACTH, and the absence of circadian rhythm.

Elucidating the heterogeneity of prediabetes through subphenotyping with a two-dimensional tree structure.

Prediabetes, an intermediate stage of developing diabetes, exhibits considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we apply the Discriminative Dimensionality Reduction Tree (DDRTree) algorithm to explore prediabetes heterogeneity in 55,777 participants from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study. Based on 12 clinically available variables, we identify four distinct phenotypes and observe differential risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Association of predicted basal metabolic rate and insulin resistance in a Chinese general population.

Background: Although basal metabolic rate (BMR) is involved in glucose homeostasis, existing evidence regarding its association with insulin resistance (IR) remains inconsistent across populations. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between predicted BMR and the prevalence of IR in a large, community-based Chinese population.

Methods: A total of 36,115 participants aged ≥ 40 years were included from the REACTION study.

Clinical characteristics and comparative analysis of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced pituitary dysfunction versus other pituitary disorders.

This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors-induced pituitary injury (pituitary-irAE) by comparing with other pituitary diseases. We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients who were admitted for pituitary-irAE, idiopathic isolated ACTH deficiency (IIAD), and lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH) from January 2015 to June 2024. Among 3689 patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, 0.

Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and incident carotid atherosclerosis in the general adult population in Chinese communities: Evidence from the REACTION cohort study.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in the general adult population in Chinese communities.

Materials And Methods: A total of 4671 participants in the prospective REACTION study who attended consecutive health examinations in 2012 and 2018, had no history of CAS. Participants were divided into three groups according to tertiles of WWI: T1 (≤9.

The efficacy and safety of adjuvant immunotherapy after neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a real-world study.

Background: The promising therapeutic outcomes of neoadjuvant immunotherapy with chemotherapy (NAIC) in the treatment of resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC) have been confirmed by several clinical trials. However, the potential benefits of adjuvant therapy for LA-ESCC patients remain unclear.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the LA-ESCC patients underwent NAIC and adjuvant immunotherapy between January 2020 and September 2023.

Associations of area-level socioeconomic status and individual factors with mortality in China: a nationwide prospective cohort study.

Background: Although socioeconomic inequality in mortality has long been a public health focus, the associations of area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and individual-level factors with mortality have not been well investigated, especially in China with rapid industrial development.

Methods: In this nationwide, population-based, prospective cohort study, adults aged over 40 from 29 counties were included in the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort study. The composite area deprivation index of area-level SES was generated from national census data and categorised into tertiles.

The association between the visceral obesity indices and the future diabetes mellitus risk: A prospective cohort study.

Aim: As abnormal visceral fat accumulation is the core pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM), this study evaluated five novel visceral obesity indices to provide optimized clinical metabolic risk assessment tools.

Materials And Methods: This study included 6575 participants aged ≥40 years without baseline diabetes. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adipose index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and abdominal body shape index (ABSI) were exposure variables.

Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages, and incident cardiovascular events: a nationwide 10-year prospective cohort study in China.

Background: Definition and staging rationale of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome were developed. The utility of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic construct in risk stratification and target strategies of health and behavior modifications needs to be addressed. The study aims to investigate the individual and combined associations of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic stage and cardiovascular health (CVH) by Life's Essential 8 (LE 8) with incident cardiovascular events (CVD), and determine the distribution and contribution of domain-specific CVH across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic stages.

Long-term cardiometabolic outcomes of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia.

Purpose: This study investigated long-term alterations in cardiometabolic comorbidities among patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) who received surgical or conservative treatments.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective study analyzed 132 patients with PBMAH, divided into a surgery group (n = 68) and a control group (n = 64) based on treatment modalities. The main outcomes included changes in blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, lipids, and body weight.

Attitudes towards therapeutic options for weight management, including weight loss medications and surgery, among people living with obesity and healthcare professionals in China: A secondary analysis from the ACTION-China study.

Aims: To identify attitudes towards prescription of weight loss (WL) medications and WL surgery among people living with obesity (PLwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in China.

Materials And Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the ACTION-China study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05428501), a cross-sectional, descriptive, survey-based study conducted in mainland China from August to November 2022.

Long- and Short-Term Cost-Effectiveness of Once-Weekly Semaglutide versus Dulaglutide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Hypothetical Modeling Exercise.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the long- and short-term cost-effectiveness of once-weekly semaglutide versus dulaglutide for treating patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin after the renewal of China's national reimbursement drug list.

Methods: This analysis was conducted using the Institute of Health Economics Diabetes Cohort Model (IHE-DCM) to evaluate the long-term health and economic outcomes of semaglutide 0.5 mg, 1.

Circulating short-chain and branched short-chain fatty acids and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the 4C study.

Previous studies suggested that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are associated with glucose regulation. However, the potential relationship between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with incident diabetes risk in both men and women remains unidentified in prospective cohort studies. In this study, we examined a panel of nine serum SCFAs and BCFAs in 3414 subjects with incident diabetes, and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort study.

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management in participants from China: A prespecified analysis of the STEP 7 randomized clinical trial.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo for weight management in a population of Chinese adults with overweight or obesity.

Materials And Methods: In STEP 7 (NCT04251156), a double-blind, phase 3a trial, adults from a predominantly East Asian population with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, were randomized 2:1 to once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.

Association Between Skin Autofluorescence and Coronary Heart Disease in Chinese General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SAF and CHD in the general population of China and to assess the feasibility of SAF used as a predictor of CHD.

Methods: This study was nested within the prospective study REACTION (Cancer Risk Assessment in Chinese Diabetic Population) which included a total of 5806 eligible participants from two communities located in urban Beijing in 2018. SAF were measured using a fluorescence detector (DM Scan).

Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec Versus Once-Daily Insulin Degludec in Insulin-Naive Chinese Participants with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of ONWARDS 3.

Introduction: This post hoc analysis evaluated subgroup data from China (Chinese mainland, n = 100; Taiwan, n = 45) in ONWARDS 3, a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, treat-to-target, phase 3a trial comparing the efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec (icodec) versus once-daily insulin degludec (degludec) in insulin-naive participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Adults were randomized 1:1 to icodec and once-daily placebo (icodec; n = 72) or degludec and once-weekly placebo (degludec; n = 73). The primary endpoint was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA) (baseline to week 26).

Association of weight-adjusted-waist index with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese urban adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Recently, weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), a new index for evaluating obesity, has been developed. This study aimed to examine the association between WWI and T2DM in Chinese urban adults.

Method: A total of 5,0978 eligible participants drawn from the prospective REACTION study (Cancer Risk Assessment in Chinese People with Diabetes) were included in this study.

Association of body roundness index with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults.

Aims: To determine the impact of body roundness index (BRI) on the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults.

Materials And Methods: We utilized data from a nationwide prospective cohort of 165 785 Chinese adults (aged ≥40 years, free of CVD and cancer at baseline), which was extracted from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C). Cox regression and restricted cubic splines quantified BRI-outcome associations and identified optimal BRI cutoffs.

Exploring age and gender disparities in cardiometabolic phenotypes and lipidomic signatures among Chinese adults: a nationwide cohort study.

Understanding sex disparities in modifiable risk factors across the lifespan is essential for crafting individualized intervention strategies. We aim to investigate age-related sex disparity in cardiometabolic phenotypes in a large nationwide Chinese cohort. A total of 254,670 adults aged 40 years or older were selected from a population-based cohort in China.

Role of Cathepsin K in bone invasion of pituitary adenomas: A dual mechanism involving cell proliferation and osteoclastogenesis.

This study aimed to investigate the regulation and underlying mechanism of Cathepsin K (CTSK) in bone-invasive pituitary adenomas (BIPAs). A total of 1437 patients with pituitary adenomas were included and followed up. RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR were used to analyze CTSK expression.