Evaluating the effects of liraglutide, empagliflozin and linagliptin on mild cognitive impairment remission in patients with type 2 diabetes (LIGHT-MCI): study protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial with an extension phase.

Introduction: Diabetes is a significant modifiable risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. There are currently no effective treatments that delay or reverse the progression of cognitive dysfunction. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that specific antidiabetes medications hold promise in improving cognitive function.

Aerobic exercise alleviates cognitive impairment in T2DM mice through gut microbiota.

The risk of cognitive impairment is markedly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While exercise has been shown to mitigate cognitive deficits associated with diabetes, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that exercise can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, which, in turn, may influence the central nervous system via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Association between the minimal model of hip structure and risk of hip fracture in Chinese adults.

Background: Multiple studies have indicated that the minimal model of hip structure can enhance hip fracture risk assessment. This study aimed to investigate the independent association between minimal model variables and hip fracture risk in Han Chinese individuals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 937 Han Chinese patients (248 with hip fractures).

Identification of superficial invasive and indolent lymphomatous lymph nodes by multiple ultrasonographic vascular imaging.

This study aimed to explore whether superficial invasive lymphomas and indolent lymphomas could be identified by Ultrasonographic vascular imaging. A retrospective study enrolled 82 lymphoma patients. According to proliferation rates and clinical course, the lymph nodes were classified as invasive and indolent lymphomatous lymph nodes.

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management in participants from China: A prespecified analysis of the STEP 7 randomized clinical trial.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo for weight management in a population of Chinese adults with overweight or obesity.

Materials And Methods: In STEP 7 (NCT04251156), a double-blind, phase 3a trial, adults from a predominantly East Asian population with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, were randomized 2:1 to once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.

Discrimination of superficial lymph nodes using ultrasonography and tissue metabolomics coupled with machine learning.

Introduction: Diagnosing the types of malignant lymphoma could help determine the most suitable treatment, anticipate the probability of recurrence and guide long-term monitoring and follow-up care.

Methods: We evaluated the differences in benign, lymphoma and metastasis superficial lymph nodes using ultrasonography and tissue metabolomics.

Results: Our findings indicated that three ultrasonographic features, blood supply pattern, cortical echo, and cortex elasticity, hold potential in differentiating malignant lymph nodes from benign ones, and the shape and corticomedullary boundary emerged as significant indicators for distinguishing between metastatic and lymphoma groups.

Engineered microalgae for photo-sonodynamic synergistic therapy in breast cancer treatment.

Dynamic therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) have potential in cancer treatment. Microalgae have attracted increasing attention because of their high active mobility, flexibility in terms of functionality, and good biocompatibility. In this study, surface-engineered microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (Chl) modified with metal‒organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles (denoted Chl-MOF) are successfully developed for synergistic photo-sonodynamic therapy and immunotherapy.

Correlation analysis of LXR and its target genes COX2 and CETP with the severity of OSAHS in obese young rats.

Objective: To analyse the relationships between the expression levels of liver X receptor (LXR), cyclooxygenase-2(COX2) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) in obese young rats, to obtain information for basic research on OSAHS in obese children.

Methods: Twenty-four 3-4-week-old young rats were randomly assigned to the normal control group, obesity group, OSAHS group, obesity and OSAHS group. We used polysomnography to measure the obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) to assess the severity of OSAHS and western blotting to test the expression levels of LXRα, COX2, and CETP in the liver, heart, kidney, and brain tissues.

Multimodality high-frequency ultrasound in the evaluation of cervical malignant lymphoma before biopsy.

Objective: To investigate the application value of multimodality ultrasound in the evaluation of lymphoma.

Methods: The regression models were performed to determine whether there were differences in differentiating lymphoma from benign lymph nodes. Receiver operator curves were drawn to evaluate the diagnostic performance of three ultrasound modalities.

Causality between sarcopenia and diabetic neuropathy.

Background: Past studies have demonstrated that diabetic neuropathy is related to sarcopenia, but the further causal relation is still unclear. We sought to investigate the causal relationship by combining data from cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.

Methods: The genome-wide association studies data were collected from the UK Biobank and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia to conduct a bi-directional two-sample MR study to explore the causality between diabetic neuropathy and relevant clinical traits of sarcopenia, including appendicular lean mass (ALM), walking speed and low hand grip strength.

Ultrasound-based Radiomics Analysis for Assessing Risk Factors Associated With Early Recurrence Following Surgical Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the value of ultrasound-based radiomics analysis for early recurrence after surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: This retrospective study included 127 patients who underwent primary surgical resection for HCC between October 2019 and November 2021. The patients were subsequently divided into training and validation sets (7:3 ratio).

Risk Factors for Early Recurrence After Radical Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Preoperative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Clinical Features.

Objectives: To investigate risk factors for the early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical resection based on preoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and clinical features to provide guidance for clinical treatment.

Methods: The retrospective analysis selected 130 HCC patients who underwent radical tumor resection from October 2019 to November 2021. All patients underwent preoperative routine ultrasound examination and CEUS, and the pathology was confirmed as HCC after surgery.

Application of ultrasound elastography and radiomic for predicting central cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Objective: This study aims to combine ultrasound (US) elastography (USE) and radiomic to predict central cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).

Methods: A total of 204 patients with 204 thyroid nodules who were confirmed with PTMC and treated in our hospital were enrolled and randomly assigned to the training set (n = 142) and the validation set (n = 62). US features, USE (gender, shape, echogenic foci, thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) category, and elasticity score), and radiomic signature were employed to build three models.

Analysis of early response to chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound: A prospective case-control crossectional study.

Objective: To investigate the value of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in assessing and predicting early therapy response of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

Methods: Fifty-six cases of NHL were studied using CEUS before and after three cycles of R-CHOP / CHOP. Quantitative parameters such as arrival time (ATM), time to peak (TTP), △T = TTP-ATM, area under the gamma curve (Area), curve gradient (Grad), wash-out time (WT), base intensity (BI), peak intensity (PI) and ΔI = PI-BI were compared between the lymphoma and normal lymph nodes before and at mid-treatment, respectively.

A lung disease diagnosis algorithm based on 2D spectral features of ultrasound RF signals.

Lung diseases are commonly diagnosed based on clinical pathological indications criteria and radiological imaging tools (e.g., X-rays and CT).

Predicting the malignancy of extremity soft-tissue tumors by an ultrasound-based radiomics signature.

Background: Accurate differentiation of extremity soft-tissue tumors (ESTTs) is important for treatment planning.

Purpose: To develop and validate an ultrasound (US) image-based radiomics signature to predict ESTTs malignancy.

Material And Methods: A dataset of US images from 108 ESTTs were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the training cohort (78 ESTTs) and validation cohort (30 ESTTs).

Predictors of High Cardiovascular Risk Among Nonobese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Population.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate cardiovascular risk factors in nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to determine whether they might be used to predict high-risk individuals effectively.

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 245 nonobese patients with T2DM who underwent FibroTouch in the National Metabolic Management Center of the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022.

Interpretable prediction model for assessing diabetes complication risks in Chinese sufferers.

Aims: With growing concerns over complications in diabetes sufferers, this study sought to develop an interpretable machine learning model to offer enhanced diagnostic and treatment recommendations.

Methods: We assessed coronary heart disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and fatty liver disease using logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and CatBoost algorithms. The SHAP algorithm was employed to elucidate the model's predictions, offering a more in-depth understanding of influential features.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy guided by 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system: first clinical experience with a novel tele-assistance approach (IDEAL stage 1).

Background: To demonstrate the technical feasibility of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) guided by 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system (RTDS) in a complex kidney-stone (CKS) cohort and present our preliminary outcomes. PCNL is highly skill-required, which hinders it popularization in primary medical units of remote regions. We designed an innovative tele-assistance approach to make PCNL easy to be operated by inexperienced surgeons.

Comparison of the diagnostic effectiveness of ultrasound imaging coupled with three mathematical models for discriminating thyroid nodules.

Background: The overlapping nature of thyroid lesions visualized on ultrasound (US) images could result in misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses in clinical practice.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic effectiveness of US coupled with three mathematical models, namely logistic regression (Logistics), partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and support vector machine (SVM), in discriminating between malignant and benign thyroid nodules.

Material And Methods: A total of 588 thyroid nodules (287 benign and 301 malignant) were collected, among which 80% were utilized for constructing the mathematical models and the remaining 20% were used for internal validation.

The Correlation Between Leg Muscle Mass Index and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between leg skeletal muscle mass index (LSMI) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the ability of LSMI to predict NAFLD.

Methods: Two hundred patients with T2DM and NAFLD treated at Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University and the National Metabolic Management Center from June 2022 to June 2023 were divided into four LSMI quartiles. The clinical information from the four patient groups was compared, and the relationship between type 2 diabetes and LSMI and NAFLD was examined.

Preoperative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Predicts Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma as Accurately as Contrast-Enhanced MR.

Objectives: Both contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (CEMR) are important imaging methods for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to establish a model using preoperative CEUS parameters to predict microvascular invasion (MVI) in HCC, and compare its predictive efficiency with that of CEMR model.

Methods: A total of 93 patients with HCC (39 cases in MVI positive group and 54 cases in MVI negative group) who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.

The effect of sedentary time on cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Sedentary lifestyle has become quite prevalent lately, and it has been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVD is a primary cause of premature death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some studies have focused on the association between sedentary behavior and blood glucose among T2DM patients.