Induction of Autophagy as a Therapeutic Breakthrough for NAFLD: Current Evidence and Perspectives.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome characterised by hepatic steatosis in the absence of significant alcohol consumption or other specific causes of liver injury. It has become one of the leading causes of liver dysfunction worldwide. However, the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NAFLD remain unclear, and effective therapeutic strategies are still under investigation.

Gene augmentation therapy restores vision and preserves photoreceptors in a mouse model of CNGA1-retinitis pigmentosa.

Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a leading cause of blindness affecting 2 million people worldwide. Mutations in cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1 (CNGA1) account for 2-8% of autosomal recessive RP with no available treatment. Here we further evaluate our previously developed Cnga1 mouse model.

Data-driven cluster analysis on the association of aging, obesity and insulin resistance with new-onset diabetes in Chinese adults: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder that can lead to multi-organ damage and dysfunction, imposing significant financial burden on national healthcare systems. Currently, the early identification of high-risk individuals and the prevention of T2DM remain major challenges for clinicians. This study aimed to use easily obtainable clinical indicators to perform cluster analysis on healthy individuals, in order to accurately identify high-risk population requiring early intervention.

Associations Between Novel Lipid Indicators and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

This study aimed to evaluate associations between emerging lipid parameters, including the ZJU index (ZJU), the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), the Framingham steatosis index (FSI) and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assess their clinical utility for NAFLD prevention and diabetes management. Clinical data from 6378 participants were analyzed. Stepwise-adjusted multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), subgroup analysis, and sensitivity tests examined relationships between lipid parameters and NAFLD.

MicroRNAs in acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. AKI has emerged as a significant global public health issue, particularly among hospitalized patients, with the highest incidence observed in those admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). However, early diagnosis of AKI remains challenging due to the limited sensitivity and specificity of conventional biomarkers, including serum creatinine and urine output.

Acute kidney injury and energy metabolism.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) predominantly affects hospitalized patients, particularly those in intensive care units, and has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Several factors, including severe cardiovascular disease, surgery-induced renal ischemia, nephrotoxic drugs, and sepsis, contribute to the development of AKI. Despite the implementation of various clinical strategies to prevent or treat AKI, its morbidity and mortality remain high, and there are no clinically effective therapeutic agents available.

Development and validation of a new diagnostic prediction model for NAFLD based on machine learning algorithms in NHANES 2017-2020.3.

Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem disease that can trigger the metabolic syndrome. Early prevention and treatment of NAFLD is still a huge challenge for patients and clinicians. The aim of this study was to develop and validate machine learning (ML)-based predictive models.

Propensity Score Matching Analysis for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of comorbidity with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on the survival rates and incidence of liver cancer in patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD).

Methods: Patients with ARLD and those with ARLD co-morbid with CHB were included in this study and designated as the ARLD group and the ARLD + HBV group, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was then employed to compare survival rates and liver cancer development between these two groups.

Design and synthesis of novel cathepsin C inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity.

Cathepsin C (Cat C) is a potential candidate for addressing inflammatory conditions associated with neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs). The high reactivity of electrophilic warheads and the metabolic instability of peptide structures are among the primary challenges in developing potent cathepsin C inhibitors. Compound 36, a lead compound derived from compound 1 through structure-based drug design and structure-activity relationship (SAR), exhibited strong Cat C inhibitory activity with an IC value of 437 nM.

Clinical application of cluster analysis in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Early prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still a huge challenge for patients and clinicians. Recently, a novel cluster-based diabetes classification was proposed which may offer the possibility to solve this problem. In this study, we report our performance of cluster analysis of individuals newly diagnosed with T2DM, our exploration of each subtype's clinical characteristics and medication treatment, and the comparison carried out concerning the risk for diabetes complications and comorbidities among subtypes by adjusting for influencing factors.

Recruitment or activation of mast cells in the liver aggravates the accumulation of fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.

Liver diseases caused by viral infections, alcoholism, drugs, or chemical poisons are a significant health problem: Liver diseases are a leading contributor to mortality, with approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Liver fibrosis, as a common liver disease characterized by excessive collagen deposition, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and there is no effective treatment. Numerous studies have shown that the accumulation of mast cells (MCs) in the liver is closely associated with liver injury caused by a variety of factors.

Resveratrol attenuates intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in dextran sulfate sodium-induced Caco-2 cells.

Introduction: The intestinal tract serves as an innate barrier, safeguarding the internal milieu from microorganisms and toxins. Various intestinal inflammatory diseases have a strong association with intestinal barrier dysfunction. The primary functional cells within the intestinal tract, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and their tight junctions (TJs), are crucial in preserving the integrity of this mechanical barrier.

A Review of Potato Salt Tolerance.

Potato is the world's fourth largest food crop. Due to limited arable land and an ever-increasing demand for food from a growing population, it is critical to increase crop yields on existing acreage. Soil salinization is an increasing problem that dramatically impacts crop yields and restricts the growing area of potato.

Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology revealing the mechanism of arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

Endemic arsenic (As) poisoning is a severe biogeochemical disease that endangers human health. Epidemiological investigations and animal experiments have confirmed the damaging effects of As on the liver, but there is an urgent need to investigate the underlying mechanisms. This study adopted a metabolomic approach using UHPLC-QE/MS to identify the different metabolites and metabolic mechanisms associated with As-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

MIPs-SERS Sensor Based on Ag NPs Film for Selective Detection of Enrofloxacin in Food.

The quinolone antibiotics represented by enrofloxacin (ENRO) are harmful to the ecological environment and human health due to illegal excessive use, resulting in increasing food residues and ENRO levels in the environment. To this end, we developed a MIPs-SERS method using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to detect ENRO in food matrices. Firstly, a layer of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with the best SERS effect was synthesized on the surface of copper rods as the enhancing material by in situ reductions, and then MIPs targeting ENRO were prepared by the native polymerization reaction, and the MIPs containing template molecules wrapped on the surface of silver nanoparticle films (Ag NPs-MIPs) were obtained.

The effect of LV-1 on the crystallization and polymorphs of calcium carbonate.

The study of CaCO polymorphism is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of carbonate mineralization induced by bacteria and the genesis of carbonate rock throughout geological history. To investigate the effect of bacteria and shear force on CaCO precipitation and polymorphs, biomineralization experiments with strain LV-1 were conducted under the standing and shaking conditions. The results show that LV-1 induced the formation of calcite and vaterite under the standing and shaking conditions, respectively.

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Pentachloronitrobenzene by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) specifically targeting pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and containing silver nanoparticles have been prepared by free radical polymerization reaction using methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a functional monomer, PCNB as a template molecule, 1,4-butanedioldimethacrylate as a cross linker, lauroyl peroxide (LPO) as an initiator, and the silver nanoparticles with the best surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect as SERS enhancement materials. Our results indicated that MIPs specifically recognize PCNB from complex matrices. The intensity of the PCNB characteristic peak was proportional to the concentration, with a linear range of 0.

Hepatotoxicity of cantharidin is associated with the altered bile acid metabolism.

Cantharidin (CTD) is an effective antitumor agent. However, it exhibits significant hepatotoxicity, the mechanism of which remains unclear. In this study, biochemical and histopathological analyses complemented with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)-based targeted metabolomic analysis of bile acids (BAs) were employed to investigate CTD-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Asymmetrical cortical vessel sign predicts prognosis after acute ischemic stroke.

Introduction: To assess whether the asymmetrical cortical vessel sign (ACVS) on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) could predict 90-day poor outcomes in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA).

Methods: Clinical data of consecutive patients with anterior circulation AIS treated with r-tPA were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical variables included age, sex, vascular risk factors, NIHSS score, onset to treatment time, and initial hematologic and neuroimaging findings.

Uptake, biotransformation and physiological response of TBBPA in mangrove plants after hydroponics exposure.

To better understand the uptake, biotransformation and physiological response to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in mangrove plants, a short term 14-day hydroponic assay with two mangrove species, Avicennia marina (A. marina) and Kandelia obovata (K. obovata), was conducted.

Terrestrial-derived soil protein in coastal water: metal sequestration mechanism and ecological function.

Terrestrial fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, enhance heavy metal sequestration and promote ecosystem restoration. However, their ecological functions were historically overlooked in discussions regarding water quality. As an AM fungi-derived stable soil protein fraction, glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) may provide insights into the ecological functions of AM fungi associated with water quality in coastal ecosystems.

Clinical characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging findings in nine patients with nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency. The most common cause of WE is alcoholism. However, there is a significant paucity of information in the existing literature relating to nonalcoholic WE.

Intestinal transport of scutellarein and scutellarin and first-pass metabolism by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-mediated glucuronidation of scutellarein and hydrolysis of scutellarin.

Scutellarin (SG) is a bioactive flavonoid used to treat cardiovascular disease. Scutellarein (S) is the aglycone form of SG. This study aimed to characterize their intestinal transport and first-pass metabolism by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-mediated glucuronidation and β-glucuronidase-mediated hydrolysis.