Symbiotic bacteria mediate chemical-insecticide resistance but enhance the efficacy of a biological insecticide in diamondback moth.

Insecticide resistance has been a major challenge for pest management worldwide. Here, we investigated how gut symbiotic bacteria in insects might affect resistance to chemical (organophosphate) and biological (Bacillus thuringiensis) insecticides in different ways to create opportunities for strategic pesticide rotations. Using the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) as the target pest, we demonstrated that long-term exposure to chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate insecticide) promotes the proliferation of the gut symbiont Enterococcus mundtii in P.

Activation of the ROS/CncC Pathway Regulates Cytochrome P450 to Confer Cycloxaprid Tolerance in .

The inducible P450 gene plays a key role in the response of insects to insecticide stress. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of insecticide-inducible detoxification enzyme genes has not been well clarified. In the present study, a P450 gene, , could be induced by cycloxaprid in both susceptible and cycloxaprid-resistant strains.

Protective impacts of bamboo leaf flavonoids in stressed broilers induced by diquat: Insight of antioxidant, immune response and intestinal barrier function.

This research explored the protective impact of bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLF) in diquat (DQ) stressed broilers; providing insight of antioxidant, immune response and intestinal barrier function. This experiment consisted of two parts. In the first, 240 chicks were allotted to 2 groups with 8 replicates and 15 chicks per replicate.

Transcription factor CREB/ATF regulates overexpression of CYP6CY14 conferring resistance to cycloxaprid in Aphis gossypii.

Aphis gossypii Glover as a destructive agricultural pest has evolved resistance to various insecticides. Cycloxaprid is a novel structure neonicotinoid insecticide with excellent toxicity against A. gossypii.

Baseline susceptibility, risk assessment of resistance, changes in insecticides sensitivity and fitness after selection of dimpropyridaz in Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Dimpropyridaz as a novel insecticide is registered for the management of many aphid species and other piercing-sucking insects. For the aim to clarify the susceptibility of natural population and the resistance risk of dimpropyridaz in Aphis gossypii in China, the baseline susceptibility, risk assessment, changes of insecticides sensitivity and fitness after selection of dimpropyridaz in A. gossypii were evaluated in present study.

Centipeda minima and 6-O-angeloylplenolin enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin, gemcitabine, and pemetrexed, significantly enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by increasing PD-L1 expression and potentiating T cell cytotoxicity. However, the low response rate and adverse effects limit the application of chemotherapy/ICI combinations in patients.

Methods: We screened for medicinal herbs that could perturb PD-L1 expression and enhance T cell cytotoxicity in the presence of anti-PD-L1 antibody, and investigated the underlying mechanisms.

S431F mutation on AChE1 and overexpression of P450 genes confer high pirimicarb resistance in Sitobion miscanthi.

Sitobion miscanthi is a destructive wheat pest responsible for significant wheat yield losses. Pirimicarb, one of the most important representatives of N, N-dimethylcarbamate insecticides, is widely used to control wheat aphids. In present work, heterozygous S431F mutation of acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE1) was identified and verified in three pirimicarb-resistant S.

Effects of bamboo leaf flavonoids on growth performance, antioxidants, immune function, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota in broilers.

Background: Bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLF) are the main bioactive ingredients in bamboo leaves. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and other effects. In this study, the effects of dietary BLF on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota of broilers were investigated.

Self-assembled co-delivery nanoplatform for increasing the broad-spectrum susceptibility of fall armyworm toward insecticides.

Introduction: Unscientific application of insecticides has led to severe resistance of pests to almost all classes of insecticides. Enhanced detoxification is the most common mechanism for this kind of resistance.

Object: Fall armyworm (FAW) has developed insecticide resistance, which is often linked to the overexpression of detoxification genes.

Effects of dimpropyridaz on feeding behavior, locomotivity and biological parameters of Aphis gossypii.

Aphis gossypii is a worldwide agricultural pest insect that has developed resistance to multiple pesticides. Dimpropyridaz is a new chordotonal organ regulator and has been registered for control of sap-sucking insects including A. gossypii.

Efficacy and Safety of Drug-Coated Balloon in Elderly Patients with Intrastent Restenosis After Lower Extremity Arteriosclerotic Obliterans After Rotarex Thrombus Removal.

Objective: This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon (DCB) and standard angioplasty balloon (SAB) in the treatment of intrastent restenosis (ISR) after lower extremity ASO following rotarex thrombus removal.

Methods: 94 patients with ISR after lower extremity ASO were selected and divided into DCB group (47 cases) and SAB group (47 cases). After patients were treated with DCB and SAB methods, six months after discharge care, the therapeutic effect, lower extremity dorsal arterial blood flow, ankle-brachial index, lameness distance, hemorheology, endothelial function indexes, and lipid levels were measured.

Garlic Powder Supplementation Improves Growth, Nonspecific Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Flora of Chinese Mitten Crabs ().

This study was conducted to survey the effects of garlic powder on growth performance, nonspecific immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal flora structure of Chinese mitten crabs. Altogether, 216 crabs which originally weigh 20.71 ± 0.

The Early Peritoneal Cavity Immune Response to Infection and to Inactivated Bacterium in Olive Flounder ().

The peritoneal cavity plays an important role in the immune response, and intraperitoneal administration is an ideal vaccination route in fish. However, immune responses in the peritoneal cavity of teleost fish are still not completely characterized. This study characterized the morphology of peritoneal cavity cells (PerC cells) and their composition in flounder ().

Integration analysis of PacBio SMRT- and Illumina RNA-seq reveals P450 genes involved in thiamethoxam detoxification in Bradysia odoriphaga.

The sciarid fly Bradysia odoriphaga is a serious pest of Chinese chive (Liliaceae). Neonicotinoid insecticides including thiamethoxam have been used for B. odoriphaga control.

Cross-Resistance and Fitness Costs of the cis-Nitromethylene Neonicotinoid Cycloxaprid Resistance in Melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is an important pest on various vegetables around the world and has developed resistance to neonicotinoids in fields. Cycloxaprid is a novel cis-nitromethylene configuration neonicotinoid insecticide that is different from trans-configuration neonicotinoids like imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. Herein, the cross-resistance to the other seven insecticides and fitness costs were investigated in the cycloxaprid-resistant A.

Nanodelivery System Alters an Insect Growth Regulator's Action Mode: From Oral Feeding to Topical Application.

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) guide animal development through injection, oral feeding, or topical application. Among them, lufenuron is a widely used insect cuticle inhibitor but only shows a gastric toxic effect. Lacking contact toxicity limits the effective utilization when spraying the lufenuron pesticide.

HSF1 Protects Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

As an important transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) plays an endogenous anti-inflammation role in the body and can alleviate multiple organ dysfunction caused by sepsis, which contributes to an uncontrolled inflammatory response. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a supramolecular complex that plays key roles in immune surveillance. Inflammation is accomplished by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which leads to the proteolytic maturation of IL-1β and pyroptosis.

Effects of dietary glyceryl monolaurate supplementation on growth performance, non-specific immunity, antioxidant status and intestinal microflora of Chinese mitten crabs.

This study aims to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on growth performance, non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microflora in Chinese mitten crabs. The crabs were randomly arranged to three experimental diets groups containing 0 (control group), 1000 mg/kg GML (GML1000 group), and 2000 mg/kg GML (GML2000 group), respectively. After 8 weeks of breeding, results showed a better growth performance in GML2000 group, with a higher PWG, SGR and lower FCR (P < 0.

Overexpression of Contributing to Detoxification of Multiple Insecticides in (L.).

The diamondback moth, (L.), has evolved with varying degrees of resistance to almost all major classes of insecticides and has become the most resistant pest worldwide. The multiresistance to different types of insecticides has been frequently reported in , but little is known about the mechanism.

Vaccine Adjuvants Induce Formation of Intraperitoneal Extracellular Traps in Flounder ().

Adjuvants are used to increase the strength, quality, and duration of the immune response of vaccines. Neutrophils are the first immune cells that arrive at the injection site and can release DNA fibers together with granular proteins, so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), to entrap microbes in a sticky matrix of extracellular chromatin and microbicidal agents. Similar extracellular structures were also released by macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils and are now generalized as "ETs.

Multi-Omics Revealed the Protective Effects of Rhamnolipids in Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Broilers.

Rhamnolipid (RL) is a glycolipid biosurfactant and exhibits the following outstanding characteristics: strong antibacterial properties, low toxicity, and high biodegradability. The present research was conducted to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of rhamnolipids as an alternative to antibiotics in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-challenged broilers. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used for analyzing the cecal microbial composition and serum metabolites.

Mutations in the nAChR β1 subunit and overexpression of P450 genes are associated with high resistance to thiamethoxam in melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover.

The TMXR is a strain of melon aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) that has extremely high resistance (resistance ratio > 2300 fold) to thiamethoxam. We explored the basis of this resistance by examining differences in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450s) between the TMXR and the susceptible strain. The results showed that two mutation sites of nAChR β1 subunit, V62I and R81T, were found in TMXR, with the mutation frequencies of the two mutation sites as 93.

NLRP3 inflammasome in sepsis (Review).

Sepsis is an imbalanced response to infection that leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Although an increasing number of anti-inflammatory drugs are available, the options for treating sepsis remain limited. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of sepsis and develop novel therapeutic targets to treat this state.